V03AB Antidote

Antidote

An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek αντιδιδοναι antididonai, "given against"....

s

V03AB01 Ipecacuanha

V03AB02 Nalorphine

Nalorphine

Nalorphine trade names Lethidrone and Nalline. Nalorphine acts at two opioid receptors, at the mu receptor it has antagonistic effects and at the kappa receptors it exerts agonistic characteristics. It is used to reverse opioid overdose and in a challenge test to determine opioid dependence....

V03AB03 Edetates

V03AB04 Pralidoxime

Pralidoxime

Pralidoxime or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or methiodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase. It is used to combat poisoning by organophosphates or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors , in conjunction with atropine and ...

V03AB05 Prednisolone and promethazine

Prednisolone and promethazine

The drug combination prednisolone/promethazine is an antidote for snake bites....

V03AB06 Thiosulfate

Thiosulfate

Thiosulfate is an oxyanion of sulfur. The prefix thio indicates that thiosulfate ion is a sulfate ion with one oxygen replaced by a sulfur. Thiosulfate occurs naturally and is produced by certain biochemical processes...

V03AB08 Sodium nitrite

Sodium nitrite

Sodium nitrite is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is a white to slight yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic...

V03AB09 Dimercaprol

Dimercaprol

Dimercaprol or British anti-Lewisite , is a compound developed by British biochemists at Oxford University during World War II. It was developed secretly as an antidote for lewisite, the now-obsolete arsenic-based chemical warfare agent. Today, it is used medically in treatment of arsenic,...

V03AB13 Obidoxime

Obidoxime

Obidoxime is a member of the oxime family used to treat nerve gas poisoning. Oximes are drugs known for their ability to reverse the binding of organophosphorus compounds to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ....

V03AB14 Protamine

Protamine

Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization. They may allow for denser packaging of DNA in spermatozoon than histones, but they must be...

V03AB15 Naloxone

Naloxone

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist drug developed by Sankyo in the 1960s. Naloxone is a drug used to counter the effects of opiate overdose, for example heroin or morphine overdose. Naloxone is specifically used to counteract life-threatening depression of the central nervous system and respiratory...

V03AB16 Ethanol

Ethanol

Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a...

V03AB17 Methylthioninium chloride

V03AB18 Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula KMnO4. It is a salt consisting of K+ and MnO4− ions. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely purple solutions, the...

V03AB19 Physostigmine

Physostigmine

Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It occurs naturally in the Calabar bean....

V03AB20 Copper sulfate

V03AB21 Potassium iodide

Potassium iodide

Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KI. This white salt is the most commercially significant iodide compound, with approximately 37,000 tons produced in 1985. It is less hygroscopic than sodium iodide, making it easier to work with...

V03AB22 Amyl nitrite

Amyl nitrite

Amyl nitrite is the chemical compound with the formula C5H11ONO. A variety of isomers are known, but they all feature an amyl group attached to the nitrito functional group. The alkyl group is unreactive and the chemical and biological properties are mainly due to the nitrite group...

V03AB23 Acetylcysteine

V03AB24 Digitalis antitoxin

V03AB25 Flumazenil

Flumazenil

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist available for injection only, and the only benzodiazepine receptor antagonist on the market today.It was first introduced in 1987 by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Anexate, but only approved by...

V03AB26 Methionine

Methionine

Methionine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2CH2SCH3. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. This amino-acid is coded by the codon AUG, also known as the initiation codon, since it indicates mRNA's coding region where translation into protein...

V03AB27 4-dimethylaminophenol

4-Dimethylaminophenol

4-Dimethylaminophenol is an aromatic compound containing both phenol and amine functional groups. It has the molecular formula C8H11NO.-Uses:4-Dimethylaminophenol has been used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning....

V03AB29 Cholinesterase

Cholinesterase

In biochemistry, cholinesterase is a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation.-Types:...

V03AB31 Prussian blue

Prussian blue

Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment with the idealized formula Fe718. Another name for the color Prussian blue is Berlin blue or, in painting, Parisian blue. Turnbull's blue is the same substance but is made from different reagents....

V03AB32 Glutathione

Glutathione

Glutathione is a tripeptide that contains an unusual peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain...

V03AB33 Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin is a natural form, or vitamer, of vitamin B12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. Hydroxocobalamin is the form of vitamin B12 produced by many bacteria which are used to produce the vitamin commercially. Like other forms of vitamin B12, hydroxocobalamin has an...

V03AB34 Fomepizole

Fomepizole

Fomepizole or 4-methylpyrazole is indicated for use as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. It may be used alone or in combination with hemodialysis...

V03AB35 Sugammadex

Sugammadex

Sugammadex is an agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade by the agent rocuronium in general anaesthesia. It is the first selective relaxant binding agent and was discovered at the Newhouse research site in Scotland. . These scientists who discovered Sugammadex worked for the pharmaceutical...

V03AB36 Phentolamine

Phentolamine

Phentolamine is a reversible nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. -Mechanism:Its primary action is vasodilation due to α1 blockade....

QV03AB90 Atipamezole

Atipamezole

Atipamezole is a synthetic alpha2-adrenergic antagonist, indicated for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs. It has also been researched in humans as a potential anti-Parkinsonian drug.-External links:*...

QV03AB91 Sarmazenil

Sarmazenil

Sarmazenil is a drug from the benzodiazepine family. It acts as a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors, meaning that it causes the opposite effects to most benzodiazepine drugs, and instead acts as an anxiogenic and convulsant...

QV03AB92 Diprenorfin

QV03AB93 Yohimbine

Yohimbine

Yohimbine is an alkaloid with stimulant and aphrodisiac effects found naturally in Pausinystalia yohimbe . It is also found naturally in Rauwolfia serpentina , Alchornea floribunda , along with several other active alkaloids...

QV03AB94 Tolazoline

Tolazoline

Tolazoline is a non-selective competitive α-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It is a vasodilator that is used to treat spasms of peripheral blood vessels...

V03AC Iron

Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...

 chelating agents

V03AC01 Deferoxamine

Deferoxamine

Deferoxamine is a bacterial siderophore produced by the actinobacteria Streptomyces pilosus. It has medical applications as a chelating agent used to remove excess iron from the body...

V03AC02 Deferiprone

Deferiprone

Deferiprone is an oral drug that chelates iron and is used to treat thalassaemia major.It has been licensed for use in Europe and Asia for many years while awaiting approval in Canada and the United States. On October 14, 2011, however, "the U.S...

V03AC03 Deferasirox

Deferasirox

Deferasirox is a rationally-designed oral iron chelator. Its main use is to reduce chronic iron overload in patients who are receiving long-term blood transfusions for conditions such as beta-thalassemia and other chronic anemias...

V03AE Drugs for treatment of hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia refers to the condition in which the concentration of the electrolyte potassium in the blood is elevated...

 and hyperphosphatemia

Hyperphosphatemia

Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of phosphate in the blood. Often, calcium levels are lowered due to precipitation of phosphate with the calcium in tissues.-Signs and symptoms:...

V03AE01 Polystyrene sulfonate

V03AE02 Sevelamer

Sevelamer

Sevelamer is a phosphate binding drug used to prevent hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure. When taken with meals, it binds to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption...

V03AE03 Lanthanum carbonate

Lanthanum carbonate

Lanthanum carbonate, La23, is the salt formed by lanthanum cations and carbonate anions. It is an ore of lanthanum metal, along with monazite.- Chemistry :...

V03AE04 Calcium acetate

Calcium acetate

The chemical compound calcium acetate is the calcium salt of acetic acid. It has the formula Ca2. Its standard name is calcium acetate, while calcium ethanoate is the systematic IUPAC name. An older name is acetate of lime...

 and magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is a white solid that occurs in nature as a mineral. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals...

V03AF Detoxifying agents for antineoplastic treatment

V03AF01 Mesna

Mesna

Mesna is an organosulfur compound. It is used in cancer chemotherapy involving cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide as an adjuvant. It is marketed by Baxter as Uromitexan and Mesnex...

V03AF02 Dexrazoxane

Dexrazoxane

Dexrazoxane hydrochloride is a cardioprotective agent.-Uses:...

V03AF03 Calcium folinate

V03AF04 Calcium levofolinate

V03AF05 Amifostine

Amifostine

Amifostine is a cytoprotective adjuvant used in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy involving DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agents. It is marketed by MedImmune under the trade name Ethyol.-Indications:...

V03AF06 Sodium folinate

V03AF07 Rasburicase

Rasburicase

Rasburicase is a recombinant version of a urate oxidase enzyme that occurs in many mammals but not in humans.-Uses:Rasburicase is approved for use by the U.S...

V03AF08 Palifermin

Palifermin

Palifermin is a human recombinant keratinocyte growth factor produced in Escherichia coli...

V03AF09 Glucarpidase

V03AF10 Sodium levofolinate

V03AG Drugs for treatment of hypercalcemia

V03AG01 Sodium cellulose phosphate

Sodium cellulose phosphate

Sodium cellulose phosphate is a drug used to treat hypercalcemia.It has been used to prevent kidney stones....

V03AN Medical gases

V03AN01 Oxygen

Oxygen

Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...

V03AN02 Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom...

V03AN03 Helium

Helium

Helium is the chemical element with atomic number 2 and an atomic weight of 4.002602, which is represented by the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table...

V03AN04 Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N, atomic number of 7 and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere...

V03AN05 Medical air