23rd General Assembly of Nova Scotia
Encyclopedia
The 24th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

 between 1867 and 1871.

John J. Marshall was chosen as speaker for the house. Jared C. Troop was named speaker in February 1870 after Marshall's death.

The assembly was dissolved on April 17, 1871.

List of Members

Electoral District Name Party
Annapolis County
Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
Annapolis County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia located in the western part of the province on the Bay of Fundy. The county seat is Annapolis Royal.-History:...

Jared C. Troop
Jared C. Troop
Jared Chipman Troop was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Annapolis County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

David C. Landers
David C. Landers
David C. Landers was a political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Annapolis County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Antigonish County
Antigonish County, Nova Scotia
Antigonish County, Nova Scotia is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is located in northern Nova Scotia on the Northumberland Strait and its county seat is the town of Antigonish.-History:...

Daniel MacDonald
Daniel MacDonald (Nova Scotia politician)
Daniel MacDonald was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Antigonish County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Joseph MacDonald
Joseph MacDonald (politician)
Joseph MacDonald was a political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Antigonish County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

County of Cape Breton
Cape Breton County, Nova Scotia
Cape Breton County, officially, County Cape Breton, is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Island.Taking its name from Cape Breton, the most easterly point of the island which was called after the Bretons of Brittany, this municipality has what is probably the oldest...

Alonza J. White
Alonza J. White
Alonza J. White was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878 and from 1882 to 1886 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

John Fergusson
John Fergusson
John Fergusson was a Scottish-born political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Cape Breton County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Colchester County
Colchester County, Nova Scotia
Colchester County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.-History:The appellation Colchester was applied in 1780 to the district previously called "Cobequid," and was derived from the town of Colchester in Essex...

Thomas Fletcher Morrison
Thomas Fletcher Morrison
Thomas Fletcher Morrison was a sailor, farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Londonderry Township from 1851 to 1859 and Colchester County from 1859 to 1863 and from 1867 to 1874 as a Liberal in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.He was born in Londonderry, Nova Scotia,...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Robert Chambers
Robert Chambers (Canadian politician)
Robert Chambers was a merchant and politician in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Colchester County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Cumberland County
Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
Cumberland County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.-History:The name Cumberland was applied by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Monckton to the captured Fort Beauséjour on June 18, 1755 in honour of the third son of King George II, William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, victor at...

Henry Gesner Pineo, Jr.
Henry Gesner Pineo, Jr.
Henry Gesner Pineo, Jr. was a political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874 as a Conservative member....

Conservative
Amos Purdy
Amos Purdy
Amos Joseph Griffin Purdy was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 and in 1874 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Digby County
Digby County, Nova Scotia
Digby County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.Taking its name from the Township of Digby , which had been named in honour of Rear Admiral Robert Digby who dispatched HMS Atlanta to convey loyalists from New York City in the spring of 1783 to Conway, which became known as Digby,...

William Berrian Vail
William Berrian Vail
William Berrian Vail, PC was a Canadian businessman and politician.Vail was born in Sussex Vale, New Brunswick, the son of John Cougle Vail and Charlotte Hannah Arnold. In 1850, he married Charlotte Leslie Jones. He represented Digby County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Urbine Doucett Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Guysborough County
Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
Guysborough County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.-History:Taking its name from the Township of Guysborough, which was named in honour of Sir Guy Carleton, Guysborough County was created when Sydney County was divided in 1836.In 1840, the Township of St. Mary's, in Guysborough...

John Joseph Marshall
John Joseph Marshall
John Joseph Marshall was a merchant and politician in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Guysborough County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1840 to 1847, from 1850 to 1859 and from 1867 to 1870....



W.H. Wylde
William Henry Wylde
William Henry Wylde was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Guysborough County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1870 to 1875 as a Liberal member....

 (1870)
Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

John Angus Kirk
John Angus Kirk
John Angus Kirk was a Canadian politician and farmer. He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons as a Member of the Liberal Party to represent the riding of Guysborough. He was defeated in 1878 and re-elected in 1882 and 1887.He was the son of Angus Kirk, of Scottish descent...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Halifax County
Halifax County, Nova Scotia
Halifax County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.The Municipality of the County of Halifax was the municipal government of Halifax County, apart from the separately incorporated towns and cities therein...

Jeremiah Northup
Jeremiah Northup
Jeremiah Northup was a Canadian merchant, shipowner, and politician.Born in Falmouth, Nova Scotia, the son of John Northup and Agnes Harvey, he had ownership of at least seven ships during his lifetime. In 1867, he was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as an anti-confederate...



Philip Carteret Hill
Philip Carteret Hill
Philip Carteret Hill was a Nova Scotia politician. Born in Halifax, he was mayor of Halifax from 1861 to 1864 before entering provincial politics as a supporter of Canadian confederation in 1867 serving as Provincial Secretary in the Conservative cabinet of Hiram Blanchard but lost his seat in the...

 (1870)
Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...



Conservative
James Cochran
James Cochran (merchant)
James Cochran was an Irish-born merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. The original spelling for his surname was Cocoran or Corcoran. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871.He was born in Granard, County Longford, the son of Timothy...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Henry Balcom
Henry Balcom
Henry Balcom was a shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1863 to 1871 first as a Reformer and then as a member of the Anti-Confederation Party....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Hants County
Hants County, Nova Scotia
Hants County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia which was the home of Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Alden Nowlan and Noel Doiron. The county of Hants was created June 17, 1781, and consisted of the townships of Windsor, Falmouth and Newport...

William Dawson Lawrence
William Dawson Lawrence
William Dawson Lawrence was a successful shipbuilder, businessman and politician. He built the William D. Lawrence, which is reported to be the largest wooden ship ever built in Canada....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Elkanah Young
Elkanah Young
Elkanah Young was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Falmouth township from 1843 to 1847 and from 1851 to 1855 and Hants County from 1867 to 1871 as a Liberal-Conservative member in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.He was born in Falmouth, Nova Scotia, the son...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Inverness County
Inverness (provincial electoral district)
Inverness is a provincial electoral district on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly....

Alexander Campbell
Alexander Campbell (Nova Scotia politician)
Alexander Campbell was a Scottish-born notary public and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Inverness County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 and from 1878 to 1886 as a Liberal-Conservative member.He was born on the Isle of Skye, the son of Archibald...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Hiram Blanchard
Hiram Blanchard
Hiram Blanchard was a Nova Scotia lawyer, politician, and the first Premier of the province of Nova Scotia. Blanchard won election to the Nova Scotia legislative assembly in Inverness in 1859 as a Liberal....

 

Hugh McDonald (1868)
Conservative

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Kings County
Kings County, Nova Scotia
Kings County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.Kings County is located in central Nova Scotia on the shore of the Bay of Fundy with its northeastern part also forming the western shore of the Minas Basin....

David M. Dickie
David M. Dickie
David Matthew Dickie was a merchant, ship owner and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented King's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Edward L. Brown
Edward L. Brown
Edward Lothrop Brown was a physician and political figure. He represented Horton township from 1847 to 1859 and Kings County from 1863 to 1871 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Lunenburg County
Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
Lunenburg County is a county located on the South Shore of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, It ranges from Hubbards to the east and Vogler's Cove to the west.-History:...

Mather Byles DesBrisay
Mather Byles DesBrisay
Mather Byles DesBrisay was a Canadian lawyer, judge, politician, and historian in the Province of Nova Scotia whose collections form the DesBrisay Museum in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

James Eisenhauer
James Daniel Eisenhauer
James Daniel Eisenhauer was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg in the Canadian House of Commons from 1887 to 1891 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Pictou County
Pictou County, Nova Scotia
Pictou County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It was established in 1835, and was formerly a part of Halifax County from 1759 to 1835. It had a population of 46,513 people in 2006, which represents a decline of 6.3 percent from 1991. It is the sixth most populous county in Nova...

George Murray
George Murray (Nova Scotia politician)
George Murray was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 as an Anti-Confederation Party member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Robert S. Copeland
Robert S. Copeland
Robert S. Copeland was a merchant, shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 as a Reformer....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Martin I. Wilkins
Martin Isaac Wilkins
Martin Isaac Wilkins was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou Township in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1851 to 1859 and from 1867 to 1871....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Queens County William H. Smith
William Henry Smith (Nova Scotia politician)
William Henry Smith was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Queen's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874 as a Conservative member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Samuel Freeman
Samuel Freeman (Canadian politician)
Samuel Freeman was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Queens County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Richmond County
Richmond County, Nova Scotia
Richmond County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.-History:Named in honour of Sir Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond and Lennox, who was Governor General of British North America 1818-1819, Richmond County was created in 1835....

Edward Flynn
Edmund Power Flynn
Edmund Power Flynn was a Canadian politician, Richmond County's first coroner and merchant. He was the son of John Flynn b.1789 d.1839 and Mary Power b.1794 d.1849 both born in Dungarvin, Co. Waterford, Ireland. He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1874 as a Member of the Liberal...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Josiah Hooper
Josiah Hooper
Josiah Hooper was an English-born merchant, shipbuilder and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Richmond County from 1867 to 1871 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Shelburne County
Shelburne County, Nova Scotia
Shelburne County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.-History:Shelburne County was founded in 1784 shortly following the influx of Loyalist settlers evacuated from the newly independent United States of America...

Robert Robertson Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Thomas Johnston
Thomas Johnston (Canadian politician)
Thomas Johnston was a merchant, ship owner and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Shelburne County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878 and from 1882 to 1897 as a Liberal member. His name also appears as Thomas Johnson in some sources.He was born in...

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Victoria County
Victoria County, Nova Scotia
Victoria County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.The shire town and largest municipality is the village of Baddeck.-History:Named after Queen Victoria, it was established by statute in 1851...

John Ross
John Ross (Nova Scotia politician)
John Ross was a political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1874 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

William Kidston
William Kidston (Canadian politician)
William Kidston was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

Yarmouth County
Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia
For the ship built in Yarmouth County, see County of YarmouthYarmouth County is a rural county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It has both traditional Anglo-Scottish and Acadian French culture as well as significant inland wilderness areas, including over 365 lakes and several major rivers...

John K. Ryerson
John K. Ryerson
John K. Ryerson was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Yarmouth County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 and from 1872 to 1874 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...

William H. Townsend
William H. Townsend
William H. Townsend was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Yarmouth County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1859 to 1863 as a Conservative and from 1866 to 1872 as a Liberal member....

Liberal
Liberal Party of Nova Scotia
The Liberal Party of Nova Scotia is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.-Origins:The party is descended from the pre-Confederation Reformers in Nova Scotia who coalesced around Joseph Howe demanding the institution of responsible government...



Notes:
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