1650s in Canada
Encyclopedia
Events
- 1649-64: the Beaver Wars: Encouraged by the English, and the need for more beaver for trade (their own area being hunted out), Haudenosee (IroquoisIroquoisThe Iroquois , also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an association of several tribes of indigenous people of North America...
) make war on Hurons (1649), Tobaccos (1649), Neutrals (1650–51), Erie (1653–56), Ottawa (1660), Illinois and Miami (1680–84), and members of the MahicanMahicanThe Mahican are an Eastern Algonquian Native American tribe, originally settling in the Hudson River Valley . After 1680, many moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. During the early 1820s and 1830s, most of the Mahican descendants migrated westward to northeastern Wisconsin...
confederation. English, pleased with this, agree to Two-Row Wampum Peace treaty, 1680. - 1650-53: Huron survivors of the Beaver Wars settle at Lorette under French protection.
- 1652: MassachusettsMassachusettsThe Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...
General Court licenses traders going from Massachusetts to AcadiaAcadiaAcadia was the name given to lands in a portion of the French colonial empire of New France, in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine. At the end of the 16th century, France claimed territory stretching as far south as...
. - 1653 Marguerite Bourgeoys (Born Troyes, France April 17, 1620 Died January 12, 1700) the first school teacher in Montreal, arrives from France.
- 1654: Port RoyalPort RoyalPort Royal was a city located at the end of the Palisadoes at the mouth of the Kingston Harbour, in southeastern Jamaica. Founded in 1518, it was the centre of shipping commerce in the Caribbean Sea during the latter half of the 17th century...
seized by Robert SedgwickRobert SedgwickMajor General Robert Sedgwick was an English colonist, born 1611 in Woburn, Bedfordshire, England, and baptised on May 6, 1613.-Biography:...
. He would hold on to AcadiaAcadiaAcadia was the name given to lands in a portion of the French colonial empire of New France, in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine. At the end of the 16th century, France claimed territory stretching as far south as...
until 1670. - 1653 Louis ChartierLouis ChartierLouis Chartier was a surgeon sent to Canada from France in 1653. He was part of an initiative which was to strengthen Montreal. The Société Notre-Dame de Montréal , who were responsible for founding Ville-Marie, had pledged to provide free medical care for the settlers...
, a surgeon, arrives in Ville-Marie to provide medical aid to the settlement. - 1654-59: Pierre-Esprit RadissonPierre-Esprit RadissonPierre-Esprit Radisson was a French-Canadian fur trader and explorer. He is often linked to his brother-in-law Médard des Groseilliers who was about 20 years older. The decision of Radisson and Groseilliers to enter the English service led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company.Born near...
, French Sieur de Groselliers, encounters a lot of tribes throughout New FranceNew FranceNew France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763...
, New England, and what is now the U.S. midwest. Adopted by a MohawkMohawk nationMohawk are the most easterly tribe of the Iroquois confederation. They call themselves Kanien'gehaga, people of the place of the flint...
family, who take him to Hudson BayHudson BayHudson Bay , sometimes called Hudson's Bay, is a large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada. It drains a very large area, about , that includes parts of Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Alberta, most of Manitoba, southeastern Nunavut, as well as parts of North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota,...
, there he changes sides and becomes English, participates in the formation of Hudson's Bay CompanyHudson's Bay CompanyThe Hudson's Bay Company , abbreviated HBC, or "The Bay" is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and one of the oldest in the world. A fur trading business for much of its existence, today Hudson's Bay Company owns and operates retail stores throughout Canada...
, and charter of Rupert's LandRupert's LandRupert's Land, or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin that was nominally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870, although numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the...
to it in 1670, deftly switching country allegiances several times France-England-France-England during the process. Ends up English. Today principally remembered by a hotel named after him in Minneapolis. - 1655 Étienne BouchardÉtienne BouchardÉtienne Bouchard was a French surgeon who came to Ville-Marie in 1653 under the sponsorship of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal....
, a surgeon, begins a successful private medical practice in Ville-MarieFort Ville-MarieFort Ville-Marie was a fortress outpost of France in North America. It is the historic nucleus around which the original settlement of Montreal grew.Given its importance, the site of the fort was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1924....
. - c. 1655: One of the coureurs de bois, adventurous, unlicensed fur tradeFur tradeThe fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of world market for in the early modern period furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued...
rs who want to escape company restrictions, explores west of Lake SuperiorLake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five traditionally-demarcated Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Minnesota, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan. It is the largest freshwater lake in the...
. - 1657: Sulpicians, who run missions, come to North America.
- 1658 Marguerite Bourgeoys (Born Troyes, France April 17, 1620 Died January 12, 1700) established the Congregation of Notre Dame, the first uncloistered order of nuns in North America.
- 1659: A vicar apostolic, the Jesuit-trained Bishop Francois X. de Laval-Montmorency (1623–1708) arrives in Quebec in June as vicar general of the pope to take command of the missions and to found parishes.