152 mm gun 2A36
Encyclopedia
The 2A36 Giatsint-B is a Soviet
/Russia
n towed 152 mm gun which entered service in 1976. The 2A36 is designed to suppress and destroy enemy manpower and equipment. It is also suitable for counter-battery fire
. The gun can be used in various weather conditions and has been tested in temperatures ranging from −50 °C to 50 °C. The gun is in use in Russia, a number of CIS
countries, Finland
and Iraq
. It was also used by the Lebanese army to fire into the heavily fortified Nahr el-Bared refugee camp during the conflict
there. Lebanon
possibly acquired some in a major arms shipment from Iraq shortly before the end of the Lebanese Civil War
.
The gun is a rifled 152 mm calibre. The length of the barrel (including breech ring) is 8,197 mm (54 calibers). The carriage is forked and suspended.
- VOF39 with OF-29 fragmentation shell. This shell weighs 46 kg and contains 6.73 kg of Hexal (A-IX-2
).
- ZVOF86 with the OF-59 rocket-assisted projectile, which can destroy targets at ranges up to 30-33 km.
- nuclear ammunition of the 0.1-0.2 kiloton yield range.
- cargo shell 30-13 able to carry dumb and smart sub munitions, active and passive radio jamming.
- anti-tank and smoke shells.
The height is 2.76 m (in transport configuration) and the under carriage is 2.34 m wide. The wheel diameters are 1.08 m, and the width of the wheel is 300 mm, normal tire pressure is 470kPa
.
In Russia, the gun is usually towed by the KrAZ-4556 (6x6) truck or artillery tractors such as the AT-T, ATS
, ATS-59
, AT-S, MT-T.
The guns were field tested between 1971-1972, and deliveries to the Soviet Army began in 1976. Even today, the 2A36 represents the highest standards of modern artillery. It is reliable and mobile, it has great firepower, and it can be transported to any place by railroads, by waterways, and by air transport and it is capable of fulfilling all difficult wartime requirements.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
/Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n towed 152 mm gun which entered service in 1976. The 2A36 is designed to suppress and destroy enemy manpower and equipment. It is also suitable for counter-battery fire
Counter-battery fire
Counter-battery fire is a type of mission assigned to military artillery forces, which are given the task of locating and firing upon enemy artillery.-Background:...
. The gun can be used in various weather conditions and has been tested in temperatures ranging from −50 °C to 50 °C. The gun is in use in Russia, a number of CIS
CIS
CIS usually refers to the Commonwealth of Independent States, a modern political entity consisting of eleven former Soviet Union republics.The acronym CIS may also refer to:-Organizations:...
countries, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
and Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
. It was also used by the Lebanese army to fire into the heavily fortified Nahr el-Bared refugee camp during the conflict
2007 Lebanon conflict
The 2007 Lebanon conflict began when fighting broke out between Fatah al-Islam, an Islamist militant organization, and the Lebanese Armed Forces on May 20, 2007 in Nahr al-Bared, an UNRWA Palestinian refugee camp near Tripoli. It was the most severe internal fighting since Lebanon's 1975–90 civil...
there. Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
possibly acquired some in a major arms shipment from Iraq shortly before the end of the Lebanese Civil War
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon. The war lasted from 1975 to 1990 and resulted in an estimated 150,000 to 230,000 civilian fatalities. Another one million people were wounded, and today approximately 350,000 people remain displaced. There was also a mass exodus of...
.
Design
The 2A36 is fitted with a semi-automatic breech block, a hydro-pneumatic battery, which uses the energy from the recoil, a chain-driven rammer for the projectile and the cased propellant charge. The carriage is raised with hydraulic power. It is also equipped with a two-speed mechanism for elevation.The gun is a rifled 152 mm calibre. The length of the barrel (including breech ring) is 8,197 mm (54 calibers). The carriage is forked and suspended.
Modernization
Currently operational 2A36's have been modernized and are equipped with:- Battery
- "NAP" satellite positioning unit
- Satellite receiver
- Antenna unit
- Self-orientating gyroscopic angle-measuring system
- Computer
- Mechanical speed gauge
Ammunition
The gun uses separate-loading cased charges.- VOF39 with OF-29 fragmentation shell. This shell weighs 46 kg and contains 6.73 kg of Hexal (A-IX-2
A-IX-2
A-IX-2 is a Russian explosive used in modern Russian military shells. It consists of 73% RDX with 23% aluminum powder, phlegmatized with 4% wax....
).
- ZVOF86 with the OF-59 rocket-assisted projectile, which can destroy targets at ranges up to 30-33 km.
- nuclear ammunition of the 0.1-0.2 kiloton yield range.
- cargo shell 30-13 able to carry dumb and smart sub munitions, active and passive radio jamming.
- anti-tank and smoke shells.
Dimensions
The gun is 12.92 m long in transport configuration and 12.30 m long in firing configuration.The height is 2.76 m (in transport configuration) and the under carriage is 2.34 m wide. The wheel diameters are 1.08 m, and the width of the wheel is 300 mm, normal tire pressure is 470kPa
KPA
KPA may refer to:* Kenya Ports Authority* Kiln phosphoric acid, a dry process to produce phosphoric acid at high temperature in a kiln* Kilopascal , a unit of pressure* Known-plaintext attack, a method of cryptanalysis* Korean People's Army...
.
In Russia, the gun is usually towed by the KrAZ-4556 (6x6) truck or artillery tractors such as the AT-T, ATS
ATS
-Societies:*Adventist Theological Society*American Temperance Society, an early American civic organization promoting temperance*American Thoracic Society, a society for lung physicians, health related professionals and researchers-Systems:...
, ATS-59
ATS-59
Artilleriyskiy Tyagach Sredniy - 59, or ATS-59 was a Soviet Cold War era artillery tractor.-External links:*...
, AT-S, MT-T.
Construction history
The Perm Automobile Factory SKV started to develop a new 152 mm gun in November 1968, which was to have an extended range of fire. Two variants were planned already from the beginning - the towed version, 2A36 Giatsint-B, and its self-propelled variant is called 2A37 or 2S5 Giatsint-S.The guns were field tested between 1971-1972, and deliveries to the Soviet Army began in 1976. Even today, the 2A36 represents the highest standards of modern artillery. It is reliable and mobile, it has great firepower, and it can be transported to any place by railroads, by waterways, and by air transport and it is capable of fulfilling all difficult wartime requirements.