propane.gif)
1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
Encyclopedia
1,3-Bispropane (dppp) is a diphosphine
often found as a ligand
in coordination chemistry.
The diphosphine can be prepared by the reaction of lithium diphenylphosphide and 1,3-dichloropropane.
The diphosphine is a precursor to the complex dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel
, which is prepared by combining equimolar portions of the ligand and nickel(II) chloride
hexahydrate. This nickel complex serves as a catalyst for the Kumada coupling
reaction. Dppp is also used as a ligand for palladium
(II) catalysts to co-polymerize carbon monoxide
and ethylene
to give polyketone
s.
Diphosphines
Diphosphines, sometimes called bisphosphanes are organophosphorus compounds that are used as ligands in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. They are identified by the presence of two phosphino groups linked by a backbone and are usually chelating...
often found as a ligand
Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs. The nature of metal-ligand bonding can range from...
in coordination chemistry.
The diphosphine can be prepared by the reaction of lithium diphenylphosphide and 1,3-dichloropropane.
- 2 Ph2PLi + C3H6Cl2 → Ph2PC3H6PPh2 + 2 LiCl
The diphosphine is a precursor to the complex dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel
Dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel
Dichloro[1,3-bispropane]nickel a coordination complex with the formula NiCl2 . It is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The compound is an orange crystalline powder.-Structure and properties:...
, which is prepared by combining equimolar portions of the ligand and nickel(II) chloride
Nickel(II) chloride
Nickel chloride , is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. It is very rarely found in nature as mineral nickelbischofite. A dihydrate is also known. In general nickel chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of...
hexahydrate. This nickel complex serves as a catalyst for the Kumada coupling
Kumada coupling
A Kumada coupling or Kumada-Corriu coupling is a cross coupling reaction in organic chemistry between an alkyl or aryl Grignard reagent and an aryl or vinyl halocarbon catalysed by nickel or palladium. This reaction is relevant to organic synthesis because it gives access to styrene derivatives...
reaction. Dppp is also used as a ligand for palladium
Palladium
Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired...
(II) catalysts to co-polymerize carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide , also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal...
and ethylene
Ethylene
Ethylene is a gaseous organic compound with the formula . It is the simplest alkene . Because it contains a carbon-carbon double bond, ethylene is classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Ethylene is widely used in industry and is also a plant hormone...
to give polyketone
Polyketone
Polyketone Density1240 kg/m3Young's modulus 1500 MPaTensile strength 55 MPaElongation @ break350 %notch test20 kJ/m2Glass temperature15°Cmelting point220°CVicat B205heat transfer coefficient 0.27 W/...
s.