.es
Encyclopedia
.es is the country code top-level domain
(ccTLD) for Spain
. It is administered by the Network Information Center of Spain.
Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories. Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within. Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.
The .es domain does not have a conventional WHOIS server
operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.
of the registering individual. Common words and placenames were unregisterable. There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions like hp.es (Hewlett-Packard
Spain) and pp.es (People's Party
) were allowed. As an alternative many Spanish organizations registered under .com
, .org
or .net
.
s such as geociti.es, a website mirroring Geocities
, beach.es, a website selling beach holidays, iTun.es for iTunes Ping
URL shortening, and thejones.es, a personal site.
Country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
(ccTLD) for Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. It is administered by the Network Information Center of Spain.
Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories. Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within. Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.
The .es domain does not have a conventional WHOIS server
WHOIS
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores...
operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.
Second-level domains
There also exist a number of second-level domains:- .com.es - open to all applicants (intended for commercial entities)
- .nom.es - open to all applicants (intended for personal names)
- .org.es - open to all applicants (intended for noncommercial organizations)
- .gob.es - for governmental entities
- .edu.es - for educational institutions
Alternatives
Until the liberalization in November 2005, registering in .es was expensive and encumbered compared to other ccTLDs. The second-level word had to be either a trade mark valid in Spain, the exact name of the registering business or association, or the first name and at least the first surnameIberian naming customs
Spanish naming customs denotes the personal appellation practiced in Spain, consisting of a given name followed by two family names . The first surname was traditionally the father's first surname, and the second the mother's first surname...
of the registering individual. Common words and placenames were unregisterable. There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions like hp.es (Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...
Spain) and pp.es (People's Party
People's Party (Spain)
The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship...
) were allowed. As an alternative many Spanish organizations registered under .com
.com
The domain name com is a generic top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Its name is derived from commercial, indicating its original intended purpose for domains registered by commercial organizations...
, .org
.org
The domain name org is a generic top-level domain of the Domain Name System used in the Internet. The name is derived from organization....
or .net
.net
The domain name net is a generic top-level domain used in the Domain Name System of the Internet. The name is derived from network, indicating its originally intended purpose for organizations involved in networking technologies, such as Internet service providers and other infrastructure companies...
.
Uses
Although very popular in Spain for its intended use, .es has been used for domain hackDomain hack
A domain hack is an unconventional domain name that combines domain levels, especially the top-level domain , to spell out the full "name" or title of the domain. Examples include del.icio.us , goo.gl and fold.it...
s such as geociti.es, a website mirroring Geocities
GeoCities
Yahoo! GeoCities is a web hosting service, currently available only in Japan.GeoCities was originally founded by David Bohnett and John Rezner in late 1994 as Beverly Hills Internet . In its original form, site users selected a "city" in which to place their web pages...
, beach.es, a website selling beach holidays, iTun.es for iTunes Ping
ITunes Ping
iTunes Ping, also known simply as Ping, is a software-based, music-oriented social networking and recommender system service developed and operated by Apple. It was announced and launched on 1 September 2010 as part of the tenth major release of iTunes...
URL shortening, and thejones.es, a personal site.