.416 Remington Magnum
Encyclopedia
The .416 Remington Magnum is a .416 caliber (10.36 mm) of a belted bottle-necked design. The cartridge was intended as a dangerous game
hunting cartridge and released to the public in 1989. The cartridge uses the case of the 8 mm Remington Magnum
as a parent cartridge. When the cartridge was released in 1988, author Frank C. Barnes considered the .416 Remington Magnum to be the “most outstanding factory cartridge introduced in decades”.
The cartridge was conceived as a less costly alternative to the .416 Rigby
cartridge
and was intended to replace the latter. While today the .416 Remington Magnum is considered in the field the most popular of the .416 cartridges, the .416 Remington did not replace the .416 Rigby as had been anticipated. Rather, it sparked a renewed interest in the .416 caliber (10.36 mm) cartridges which lead to the revival of the .416 Rigby and the introduction of other .416 cartridges such as the .416 Weatherby Magnum and the .416 Ruger.
The .416 Remington Magum is one of the more popular dangerous game cartridges used for the hunting of dangerous game in Africa. It also has been increasingly used in North America
, in Alaska
in particular for the hunting of and as a defense to large bears.
Early on .416 Rigby had been one of the most celebrated medium bore magazine rifle cartridges during the heyday of African hunting. Today, the .416 Rigby is considered a big bore cartridge. The Rigby was a large, voluminous cartridge in comparison to most magazine rifle cartridges of its time which had used cordite as a propellant and operated at a medium pressure. Rifles chambered for the cartridge required not only a longer action but also an over-sized bolt face, all of which increased the cost of the rifle chambered for the cartridge. Cartridges such as the .416 Rigby – which was considered an entry level cartridge in countries which mandated 40 caliber (10 mm) cartridges – lost out to cartridges such as the .458 Winchester Magnum
and the .375 H&H Magnum
which could be chambered in much less costly bolt action rifles. As ammunition for the cartridge dried out, professional hunters such as Selby put away their .416 Rigby rifles for the lack of available ammunition.
The renewed interest in Safari Hunting in North America beginning in the 1980s created a market for a specialized African cartridge. African nations mandated minimum caliber legislation beginning in the 1950s which mandated minimum calibers for dangerous game hunting. The minimum cartridges for hunting of these dangerous game was set at either the .375 H&H Magnum or at the 40 caliber (10.36 mm) with a few countries allowing the 9.3 x 62 Mauser as an exception to the rule.
Remington realizing the opportunity designed what was to become the second dangerous game cartridge to originate in the United States
to be commercialized – the first being the .458 Winchester Magnum. The introduction of the .416 Remington Magnum by Remington lead to renewal of interest in the .416 caliber (10.36 mm). This in turn resurrection of the .416 Rigby cartridge when Ruger released the Ruger Model 77 RSM
rifle chambered for the cartridge while Hornady
began manufacturing .416 Rigby ammunition. Weatherby was to followed Remington's lead soon after, releasing the .416 Weatherby Magnum
which was based on their .378 Weatherby Magnum
cartridge.
The design of the .416 Remington Magnum can be traced to wildcat cartridges like the .416 Hoffman cartridge of the 1970s and the .416 Barnes Supreme of the 1950s. George L. Hoffman of Sonora Texas solution to having a 0.416 in (10.6 mm) chamber in a common rifle action was to neck up an improved .375 H&H Magnum case to 0.416 in (10.6 mm). The new cartridge named the .416 Hoffman was introduced in the late 1970s. The .416 Hoffman was mainly chambered in custom rifles. Remington realizing that a new market had opened, designed the .416 Remington Magnum cartridge to compete with the .458 Winchester Magnum
, .375 H&H Magnum and the .416 Rigby. The Remington cartridge had a striking resemblance to the .416 Hoffman. The new cartridge, unlike the Rigby could easily be chambered in pre-existing rifle models such as the Remington Model 700
, Winchester’s Model 70
and any rifle which could fire a belted magnum cartridge based on the .375 H&H Magnum. This avoided the need for a costly new action or redesign of pre-existing rifle models all of which would add to the cost of the rifle.
The .416 Remington like the .416 Hoffman uses an improved .375 H&H Magnum case as the starting point. The .416 Remington Magnum was based on the company’s then fairly new 8 mm Remington Magnum which was necked up to accept a 0.416 inches (10.6 mm) bullet. The 8 mm Remington Magnum in turn was based on the .375 H&H Magnum which improved by blowing out to reducing the taper and increasing case capacity and then necking it down to accept a 0.323 inches (8.2 mm) bullet. The resulting .416 Remington Magnum emulated the performance of the .416 Rigby and the .416 Hoffman in that like the Rigby and the Hoffman it was capable of launching a 400 gr bullet at 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s).
Remington chose to use the 8 mm Remington Magnum as a starting point when developing the new cartridge. The 8 mm Remington Magnum used a highly improved and strengthened case in comparison to the .375 H&H Magnum and it offered an increase in volume over the latter cartridge. Furthermore, the SAAMI working pressure of the 8 mm Remington Magnum’s case was 65000 psi (4,481.6 bar) which was higher than that of the .375 H&H Magnum. In the end .416 Remington Magnum was created by simply necking up the 8 mm Remington Magnum case with no other changes made to the case. Dimensionally, below the neck, the cases of both the 8 mm Remington Magnum and the .416 Remington Magnum are identical.
The .416 Remington Magnum was standardized in May 1989 by S.A.A.M.I.
in North America. SAAMI recommends a 6 groove barrel with each groove having a width of 0.128 in (3.3 mm) and twist rate of one revolution in 14 in (355.6 mm). Recommended bore diameter is 0.408 in (10.4 mm) while the groove diameter is given as 0.416 in (10.6 mm). The case has a capacity of 107 gr. of water (6.95 cm3). Maximum pressure given by SAAMI is 65000 psi (4,481.6 bar) or 54,000 C.U.P.
The C.I.P.
regulates the .416 Remington Magnum cartridge. No discrepancies exist between C.I.P. and S.A.A.M.I. published values regarding case dimensions; any discrepancies that may exist are due to rounding off when converting from inches to millimeters. However, the CIP provides a pressure rating of 4300 bar (62,366.2 psi) for the cartridge. The C.U.P. pressure rating is the same as the S.A.A.M.I. pressure rating of 54,000 C.U.P.
When Ruger entered the .416 caliber (10.36 mm) fray, they did so with a cartridge shorter but internally fatter than the .416 Remington Magnum which was based on their .375 Ruger
necked up to 0.416 in (10.6 mm). The cartridge was a co-development between Ruger and Hornady where Ruger developed the rifles and Hornady the ammunition. Compared to the .416 Ruger
, the Remington cartridge has a greater case capacity and a higher S.A.A.M.I. recommended pressure level. This means that the Remington cartridge should perform better than the Ruger cartrdige. The Hornady's .416 Ruger ammunition matches both the Rigby and Remington .416 cartridges it does so working close to its maximum pressure level using a specially blended powder unavailable to the public. Those who handload their ammunition will have some difficulty reaching the performance of the factory loaded ammunition while staying within the maximum average pressure rating of the cartridge. Data published by Hornady provide a velocity for the 400 gr of 2300 ft/s (701 m/s) for the .416 Ruger, 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s) for the Rigby, 2450 ft/s (746.8 m/s) for the .416 Remington Magnum and 2700 ft/s (823 m/s) for the .416 Weatherby.
The .416 Weatherby Magnum on the other hand is capable of a greater performance level than either the Remington, Rigby or Ruger cartridges. Factory ammunition is loaded to 2700 ft/s (823 m/s) with the 400 gr bullet. The .416 Weatherby Magnum uses a slighter more voluminous case than the Rigby cartridge and works at a higher C.I.P. pressure than the .416 Remington Magnum. The .416 Dakota uses a modified Rigby case and is able to attain 2600 ft/s (792.5 m/s) using better quality brass than the Rigby cartridge at a higher pressure.
Factory loaded ammunition generates 5115 ft·lbf (6,935 J) of energy at the muzzle. This exceeds the energy generated by most .458 Winchester Magnum factory ammunition which launch a 500 gr bullet at 2050 ft/s (624.8 m/s). Many experienced African hunters consider the .416 Remington a more flexible cartridge than the .458 Winchester Magnum.
It is evident that the .416 Remington Magnum is a ballistically superior cartridge that the .458 Winchester Magnum and has a trajectory close to that of the .375 H&H Magnum. While the .458 Winchester Magnum retains4000 ft·lbf (5,423.3 J) to about the 65 yd (59.4 m) the .416 Remington Magnum carries that energy level beyond the 100 yd (91.4 m) mark. The cartridge is flatter shooting than the .458 Winchester Magnum. When zeroed for 100 yd (91.4 m) the .416 Remington Magnum drops about5 in (12.7 cm) at 200 yd (182.9 m) and will be about 22 in (55.9 cm) low at 300 yd (274.3 m). The .458 Winchester Magnum in contrast will be 6 in (15.2 cm) low at 200 yd (182.9 m) and 30 in (76.2 cm) low at 300 yd (274.3 m). This ability to retain a useable energy level to farther ranges makes the .416 a far more flexible cartridge and therefore a more useful cartridge than the .458 Winchester Magnum.
As with any big bore rifle cartridge recoil is a consideration. In a 10 lb (4.5 kg) the .416 Remington Magnum will generate about 54 ft·lbf (73.2 J) of recoil energy at velocity of 18.6 ft/s (5.7 m/s). In comparison a .458 Winchester Magnum firing a 500 gr bullet at 2150 ft/s (655.3 m/s) will generate about 61 ft·lbf (82.7 J) of recoil energy at velocity of 19.7 ft/s (6 m/s) in a similar weighted rifle.
and rhinoceros
. The cartridge has been successfully used against these game species in Africa and is a popular cartridge among professional hunters and has been slowly replacing the .458 Winchester Magnum.
Although dangerous game hunting is conducted at fairly close ranges rarely exceeding 60 yd (54.9 m) the .416 Remington Magnum has the required energy and penetration to kill heavy dangerous game at ranges over 100 yd (91.4 m). The cartridge has an effective range against lion
and leopard
out to over 250 yd (228.6 m). However, due to terrain and habitat such shooting instances rarely ever occur.
Unlike the many of the .458 caliber (11.43 mm) cartridges, the .416 Remington is more flexible, multipurpose cartridge. Since the cartridge can shoot almost as flat as the .375 H&H Magnum, it can be used effectively for heavier plains game with lighter bullets. The 300 gr bullets similar to the Swift A-Frame or Barnes TSX bullets are appropriate for heavier non-dangerous game. Lighter dangerous game such as leopard and lion are best served with lighter bullets which open up rapidly or bullets which fragment upon impact such as the A-Square 400 gr Lion Load. African countries require a minimum caliber of either 0.375 in (9.5 mm) or 0.4 in (10.2 mm) for the hunting of dangerous game.As this is the case the 41 caliber (10.36 mm) is the first acceptable common caliber for the hunting of dangerous game such as the big five.
The cartridge has found use in North America among guides in Alaska as insurance against large brown bears
found in the state. Apart from the big bears such as the Alaskan brown bear, polar bear
and perhaps large bovines such as plains
and wood bison
, no North American game species requires the power and the energy of the .416 Remington Magnum in North America. The cartridge can also be employed as a elk
or moose
cartridge, however, there are far more appropriate cartridges for these larger deer species.
Outside sports hunting the .416 Remington Magnum has found little to no use. While the bullet of high sectional density are commonly available none have the high balletic coefficients for target shooting. Furthermore, the heavy recoil of the cartridge can have an adverse effect as one would have to shoot long string shots depending on the discipline. An exception to this is the Big Bore shoots sponsored by the Big Bore Shooting Association and its affiliates.
In 2010 Winchester introduced the Model 70 Safari Express and chambered for three popular Safari cartridges including the .416 Remington Magnum. The Model 70 Safari Express was billed as a no frills working rifle featuring a Mauser style controlled round feeding. Mauser continues offers the M03 Magnum rifle chambered for the cartridge. For those wanting an authentic Mauser 98 action type, Dumoulin Herstal chambers the cartridge in their Herstal Safari rifle. A-Square offers the Hannibal (right handed) and Caesar (left handed) rifles in the .416 Remington. The A-Square rifles are based on the P-14 Enfield design. Apart from these manufacturers several custom gunsmiths offer rifles chambered for this cartridge.
Building custom rifles or having a rifle re-chambed for the .416 Remington Magnum is a fairly straightforward and easy option. Any rifle action which can handle the full length magnum cartridge such as .375 H&H Magnum requires only a barrel change and perhaps some work on the magazine feed system. On the other hand the larger Rigby and Weatherby cartridges would require an appropriate extra large magnum action as a starting point
Federal provides five loaded cartridges in their Federal Premium line loaded with Barnes, Swift and Trophy Bonded bullets. Hornady offers a solid (DGS) and a controlled expansion bullet (DGX) as ammunition for the .416 Remington Magnum. Norma offers a solid and soft point ammunition loaded with Woodleigh 450 gr bullets at 2150 ft/s (655.3 m/s) in their PH line of ammunition. Remington offers a single load topped with a Swift A-Frame bullet while Winchester offers two loads in their Safari ammunition line using Nosler’s Solid and Partition bullets. Double Tap offers four loads, a 300 gr and 350 gr Banes TSX bullets at 2920 ft/s (890 m/s) and 2725 ft/s (830.6 m/s) respectively, a 400 gr Nosler Partition at 2450 ft/s (746.8 m/s) and a 450 gr Woodleigh Weldcore at 2325 ft/s (708.7 m/s).
Dangerous Game
Dangerous Game is a 1993 film directed by Abel Ferrara starring Madonna, Harvey Keitel and James Russo.-Reception:The film opened in US theaters on November 19, 1993 and was trashed by critics...
hunting cartridge and released to the public in 1989. The cartridge uses the case of the 8 mm Remington Magnum
8 mm Remington Magnum
The 8mm Remington Magnum belted rifle cartridge was introduced by Remington Arms Company in 1978 as a new chambering for the model 700 BDL rifle. The 8 mm Remington Magnum's parent case is the .375 H&H Magnum...
as a parent cartridge. When the cartridge was released in 1988, author Frank C. Barnes considered the .416 Remington Magnum to be the “most outstanding factory cartridge introduced in decades”.
The cartridge was conceived as a less costly alternative to the .416 Rigby
.416 Rigby
The .416 Rigby or 10.6x74mm was designed in 1911 by John Rigby & Company of London, England as a dangerous game cartridge and is the first one to use a bullet with a diameter of .416"...
cartridge
Cartridge (firearms)
A cartridge, also called a round, packages the bullet, gunpowder and primer into a single metallic case precisely made to fit the firing chamber of a firearm. The primer is a small charge of impact-sensitive chemical that may be located at the center of the case head or at its rim . Electrically...
and was intended to replace the latter. While today the .416 Remington Magnum is considered in the field the most popular of the .416 cartridges, the .416 Remington did not replace the .416 Rigby as had been anticipated. Rather, it sparked a renewed interest in the .416 caliber (10.36 mm) cartridges which lead to the revival of the .416 Rigby and the introduction of other .416 cartridges such as the .416 Weatherby Magnum and the .416 Ruger.
The .416 Remington Magum is one of the more popular dangerous game cartridges used for the hunting of dangerous game in Africa. It also has been increasingly used in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, in Alaska
Alaska
Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
in particular for the hunting of and as a defense to large bears.
History & Origins
As former European colonies in Africa gained independence, safari hunting on the continent began a slow decline due to resource mismanagement and political factors. This, in turn, lead to a decline in interest in big bore rifles and cartridges used to hunt dangerous African game species. However, by the 1980s African nations recognizing the potential benefits, began developing areas as hunting and safari destinations. As interest in safari hunting in Africa increased so did interest in dangerous game rifles.Early on .416 Rigby had been one of the most celebrated medium bore magazine rifle cartridges during the heyday of African hunting. Today, the .416 Rigby is considered a big bore cartridge. The Rigby was a large, voluminous cartridge in comparison to most magazine rifle cartridges of its time which had used cordite as a propellant and operated at a medium pressure. Rifles chambered for the cartridge required not only a longer action but also an over-sized bolt face, all of which increased the cost of the rifle chambered for the cartridge. Cartridges such as the .416 Rigby – which was considered an entry level cartridge in countries which mandated 40 caliber (10 mm) cartridges – lost out to cartridges such as the .458 Winchester Magnum
.458 Winchester Magnum
The .458 Winchester Magnum is a belted, straight-taper cased, dangerous game rifle cartridge. It was introduced commercially in 1956 by Winchester and first chambered in the Winchester Model 70 African rifle. It was designed to compete against the .450 Nitro Express and the .470 Nitro Express...
and the .375 H&H Magnum
.375 H&H Magnum
The .375 Holland & Holland Magnum is a powerful rifle round and one of the best-known and most popular medium-bore cartridges in the world. The .375 H&H was only the second cartridge ever to feature a belt, now common among magnum rounds. A popular misconception is that the belt is for headspace,...
which could be chambered in much less costly bolt action rifles. As ammunition for the cartridge dried out, professional hunters such as Selby put away their .416 Rigby rifles for the lack of available ammunition.
The renewed interest in Safari Hunting in North America beginning in the 1980s created a market for a specialized African cartridge. African nations mandated minimum caliber legislation beginning in the 1950s which mandated minimum calibers for dangerous game hunting. The minimum cartridges for hunting of these dangerous game was set at either the .375 H&H Magnum or at the 40 caliber (10.36 mm) with a few countries allowing the 9.3 x 62 Mauser as an exception to the rule.
Remington realizing the opportunity designed what was to become the second dangerous game cartridge to originate in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to be commercialized – the first being the .458 Winchester Magnum. The introduction of the .416 Remington Magnum by Remington lead to renewal of interest in the .416 caliber (10.36 mm). This in turn resurrection of the .416 Rigby cartridge when Ruger released the Ruger Model 77 RSM
Ruger M77
The Ruger M77 is a bolt-action rifle produced by Sturm, Ruger & Company. It was designed by Jim Sullivan during his three years with Ruger. The rifle features a traditional Mauser-style two-lugged bolt with a claw extractor.- Design and features :...
rifle chambered for the cartridge while Hornady
Hornady
Hornady Manufacturing Company is an American manufacturer of ammunition and handloading components, based in Grand Island, Nebraska.The company was founded by Joyce Hornady in 1949 and is currently run by his son Steve Hornady who took over after his father's death in a plane crash in 1981.Hornady...
began manufacturing .416 Rigby ammunition. Weatherby was to followed Remington's lead soon after, releasing the .416 Weatherby Magnum
.416 Weatherby Magnum
The .416 Weatherby Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked cartridge designed by Ed Weatherby and launched commercially in 1989. It is a dangerous game cartridge intended for the hunting of heavy dangerous game such as elephant and African Cape buffalo. It is considered the most powerful commercial .416...
which was based on their .378 Weatherby Magnum
.378 Weatherby Magnum
The .378 Weatherby Magnum was designed by Roy Weatherby in 1953. It was an original belted magnum design with no parent case, inspired by the .416 Rigby and headspacing of the belted .375 H&H Magnum. The 215 magnum rifle primer was developed by Federal specifically for this round. The cartridge can...
cartridge.
The design of the .416 Remington Magnum can be traced to wildcat cartridges like the .416 Hoffman cartridge of the 1970s and the .416 Barnes Supreme of the 1950s. George L. Hoffman of Sonora Texas solution to having a 0.416 in (10.6 mm) chamber in a common rifle action was to neck up an improved .375 H&H Magnum case to 0.416 in (10.6 mm). The new cartridge named the .416 Hoffman was introduced in the late 1970s. The .416 Hoffman was mainly chambered in custom rifles. Remington realizing that a new market had opened, designed the .416 Remington Magnum cartridge to compete with the .458 Winchester Magnum
.458 Winchester Magnum
The .458 Winchester Magnum is a belted, straight-taper cased, dangerous game rifle cartridge. It was introduced commercially in 1956 by Winchester and first chambered in the Winchester Model 70 African rifle. It was designed to compete against the .450 Nitro Express and the .470 Nitro Express...
, .375 H&H Magnum and the .416 Rigby. The Remington cartridge had a striking resemblance to the .416 Hoffman. The new cartridge, unlike the Rigby could easily be chambered in pre-existing rifle models such as the Remington Model 700
Remington 700
The Model 700 series of firearms are bolt-action rifles manufactured by Remington Arms since 1962. All are based on the same centerfire bolt action. They often come with a 3, 4 or 5-round internal magazine depending on caliber, some of which have a floor-plate for quick-unloading, and some of which...
, Winchester’s Model 70
Winchester Model 70
The Winchester Model 70 is a bolt action sporting rifle. It has an iconic place in American sporting culture and has been held in high regard by shooters since it was introduced in 1936, earning the moniker "The Rifleman's Rifle". The action has some design similarities to Mauser designs and it is...
and any rifle which could fire a belted magnum cartridge based on the .375 H&H Magnum. This avoided the need for a costly new action or redesign of pre-existing rifle models all of which would add to the cost of the rifle.
The .416 Remington like the .416 Hoffman uses an improved .375 H&H Magnum case as the starting point. The .416 Remington Magnum was based on the company’s then fairly new 8 mm Remington Magnum which was necked up to accept a 0.416 inches (10.6 mm) bullet. The 8 mm Remington Magnum in turn was based on the .375 H&H Magnum which improved by blowing out to reducing the taper and increasing case capacity and then necking it down to accept a 0.323 inches (8.2 mm) bullet. The resulting .416 Remington Magnum emulated the performance of the .416 Rigby and the .416 Hoffman in that like the Rigby and the Hoffman it was capable of launching a 400 gr bullet at 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s).
Design & Specifications
In designing the .416 Remington Magnum, Remington intended to emulate the performance of the .416 Rigby using the smaller case of the .375 H&H Magnum. To be able to reach this performance level, the smaller case would have to work at much higher pressures than the Rigby cartridge. However, the volume of the resulting case allowed for Remington to achieve the anticipated performance level rather easily without reaching its maximum pressure limit.Remington chose to use the 8 mm Remington Magnum as a starting point when developing the new cartridge. The 8 mm Remington Magnum used a highly improved and strengthened case in comparison to the .375 H&H Magnum and it offered an increase in volume over the latter cartridge. Furthermore, the SAAMI working pressure of the 8 mm Remington Magnum’s case was 65000 psi (4,481.6 bar) which was higher than that of the .375 H&H Magnum. In the end .416 Remington Magnum was created by simply necking up the 8 mm Remington Magnum case with no other changes made to the case. Dimensionally, below the neck, the cases of both the 8 mm Remington Magnum and the .416 Remington Magnum are identical.
- S.A.A.M.I. compliant .416 Remington Magnum cartridge schematic: All dimensions in inches [millimeters].
The .416 Remington Magnum was standardized in May 1989 by S.A.A.M.I.
Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute is an association of American firearms and ammunition manufacturers...
in North America. SAAMI recommends a 6 groove barrel with each groove having a width of 0.128 in (3.3 mm) and twist rate of one revolution in 14 in (355.6 mm). Recommended bore diameter is 0.408 in (10.4 mm) while the groove diameter is given as 0.416 in (10.6 mm). The case has a capacity of 107 gr. of water (6.95 cm3). Maximum pressure given by SAAMI is 65000 psi (4,481.6 bar) or 54,000 C.U.P.
The C.I.P.
Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives
The Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives is an international organisation whose members are 14 states, mainly European....
regulates the .416 Remington Magnum cartridge. No discrepancies exist between C.I.P. and S.A.A.M.I. published values regarding case dimensions; any discrepancies that may exist are due to rounding off when converting from inches to millimeters. However, the CIP provides a pressure rating of 4300 bar (62,366.2 psi) for the cartridge. The C.U.P. pressure rating is the same as the S.A.A.M.I. pressure rating of 54,000 C.U.P.
Performance
The .416 Remington Magnum was designed to emulate the performance of the .416 Rigby and by all evidence meets this design criterion. When loaded to within the pressure specification stipulated by SAAMI and the CIP, the cartridge can easily exceed this design criterion by about 100 ft/s (30.5 m/s). Held to within the respective pressure limits imposed on each of the cartridges by these organizations, the Rigby cartridge has little to no advantage in performance over the .416 Remington Magnum. In fact, to match the .416 Remington at its maximum pressure mandated by the CIP of 4300 bar (62,366.2 psi) the .416 Rigby cartridge will require to be loaded to 3600 bar (52,213.6 psi) exceeding the maximum pressure by 350 bar (5,076.3 psi). Factory manufactured ammunition for both these cartridges launch a 400 gr bullet at 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s) while handloaded ammunition is able to drive the same bullet at about 2500 ft/s (762 m/s).When Ruger entered the .416 caliber (10.36 mm) fray, they did so with a cartridge shorter but internally fatter than the .416 Remington Magnum which was based on their .375 Ruger
.375 Ruger
The .375 Ruger is a rimless, standard-length rifle cartridge designed for the hunting of large dangerous game. It is designed to provide an increase in performance over the .375 H&H cartridge, yet to be chambered in a standard length action rifle...
necked up to 0.416 in (10.6 mm). The cartridge was a co-development between Ruger and Hornady where Ruger developed the rifles and Hornady the ammunition. Compared to the .416 Ruger
.416 Ruger
The .416 Ruger is .41 caliber , a beltless, rimless, bottlenecked cartridge designed as a joint venture by Hornady and Ruger in 2008. The cartridge is based on the .375 Ruger case which was necked up to accept a bullet...
, the Remington cartridge has a greater case capacity and a higher S.A.A.M.I. recommended pressure level. This means that the Remington cartridge should perform better than the Ruger cartrdige. The Hornady's .416 Ruger ammunition matches both the Rigby and Remington .416 cartridges it does so working close to its maximum pressure level using a specially blended powder unavailable to the public. Those who handload their ammunition will have some difficulty reaching the performance of the factory loaded ammunition while staying within the maximum average pressure rating of the cartridge. Data published by Hornady provide a velocity for the 400 gr of 2300 ft/s (701 m/s) for the .416 Ruger, 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s) for the Rigby, 2450 ft/s (746.8 m/s) for the .416 Remington Magnum and 2700 ft/s (823 m/s) for the .416 Weatherby.
The .416 Weatherby Magnum on the other hand is capable of a greater performance level than either the Remington, Rigby or Ruger cartridges. Factory ammunition is loaded to 2700 ft/s (823 m/s) with the 400 gr bullet. The .416 Weatherby Magnum uses a slighter more voluminous case than the Rigby cartridge and works at a higher C.I.P. pressure than the .416 Remington Magnum. The .416 Dakota uses a modified Rigby case and is able to attain 2600 ft/s (792.5 m/s) using better quality brass than the Rigby cartridge at a higher pressure.
Factory loaded ammunition generates 5115 ft·lbf (6,935 J) of energy at the muzzle. This exceeds the energy generated by most .458 Winchester Magnum factory ammunition which launch a 500 gr bullet at 2050 ft/s (624.8 m/s). Many experienced African hunters consider the .416 Remington a more flexible cartridge than the .458 Winchester Magnum.
| Cartridge | Criteria | Muzzle | 50 yards (45.7 m) | 100 yards (91.4 m) | 150 yards (137.2 m) | 200 yards (182.9 m) | 250 yards (228.6 m) | 300 yards (274.3 m) |
| .458 Winchester Magnum .458 Winchester Magnum The .458 Winchester Magnum is a belted, straight-taper cased, dangerous game rifle cartridge. It was introduced commercially in 1956 by Winchester and first chambered in the Winchester Model 70 African rifle. It was designed to compete against the .450 Nitro Express and the .470 Nitro Express... Hornady 500 gr DGS 85833 |
Velocity | 2140 ft/s (652.3 m/s) | 2007 ft/s (611.7 m/s) | 1879 ft/s (572.7 m/s) | 1757 ft/s (535.5 m/s) | 1641 ft/s (500.2 m/s) | 1531 ft/s (466.6 m/s) | 1429 ft/s (435.6 m/s) |
| Energy | 5084 ft·lbf (6,893 J) | 4472 ft·lbf (6,063.2 J) | 3921 ft·lbf (5,316.2 J) | 3428 ft·lbf (4,647.7 J) | 2990 ft·lbf (4,053.9 J) | 2603 ft·lbf (3,529.2 J) | 2267 ft·lbf (3,073.6 J) | |
| Bullet Drop | -1.5 in | 0.3 in (0.762 cm) | 0 in (0 cm) | -2.8 in | -8.4 in (21.33 cm) | -17.3 in | -29.8 in | |
| .375 H&H Magnum Hornady 300 gr DGS 8509 | Velocity | 2670 ft/s (813.8 m/s) | 2508 ft/s (764.4 m/s) | 2353 ft/s (717.2 m/s) | 2204 ft/s (671.8 m/s) | 2059 ft/s (627.6 m/s) | 1920 ft/s (585.2 m/s) | 1787 ft/s (544.7 m/s) |
| Energy | 4749 ft·lbf (6,438.8 J) | 4191 ft·lbf (5,682.2 J) | 3688 ft·lbf (5,000.3 J) | 3234 ft·lbf (4,384.7 J) | 2823 ft·lbf (3,827.5 J) | 2455 ft·lbf (3,328.5 J) | 2127 ft·lbf (2,883.8 J) | |
| Bullet Drop | -1.5 in | -0.1 in | 0 in (0 cm) | -1.5 in | -4.8 in (12.19 cm) | -10.2 in | -17.9 in | |
| .416 Remington Magnum Hornady 300 gr DGS 82674 | Velocity | 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s) | 2269 ft/s (691.6 m/s) | 2143 ft/s (653.2 m/s) | 2019 ft/s (615.4 m/s) | 1901 ft/s (579.4 m/s) | 1787 ft/s (544.7 m/s) | 1678 ft/s (511.5 m/s) |
| Energy | 5116 ft·lbf (6,936.4 J) | 4574 ft·lbf (6,201.5 J) | 4077 ft·lbf (5,527.7 J) | 3622 ft·lbf (4,910.8 J) | 3208 ft·lbf (4,349.5 J) | 2835 ft·lbf (3,843.7 J) | 2500 ft·lbf (3,389.5 J) | |
| Bullet Drop | -1.5 in | 0.1 in (0.254 cm) | 0 in (0 cm) | -2.0 in (5.08 cm) | -6.1 in | -12.7 in | -21.9 in | |
| Values courtesy of the Hornady Ballistic Calculator Altitude: 500 ft (152.4 m) Temperature: 90 °F (32.2 °C) | ||||||||
It is evident that the .416 Remington Magnum is a ballistically superior cartridge that the .458 Winchester Magnum and has a trajectory close to that of the .375 H&H Magnum. While the .458 Winchester Magnum retains4000 ft·lbf (5,423.3 J) to about the 65 yd (59.4 m) the .416 Remington Magnum carries that energy level beyond the 100 yd (91.4 m) mark. The cartridge is flatter shooting than the .458 Winchester Magnum. When zeroed for 100 yd (91.4 m) the .416 Remington Magnum drops about5 in (12.7 cm) at 200 yd (182.9 m) and will be about 22 in (55.9 cm) low at 300 yd (274.3 m). The .458 Winchester Magnum in contrast will be 6 in (15.2 cm) low at 200 yd (182.9 m) and 30 in (76.2 cm) low at 300 yd (274.3 m). This ability to retain a useable energy level to farther ranges makes the .416 a far more flexible cartridge and therefore a more useful cartridge than the .458 Winchester Magnum.
As with any big bore rifle cartridge recoil is a consideration. In a 10 lb (4.5 kg) the .416 Remington Magnum will generate about 54 ft·lbf (73.2 J) of recoil energy at velocity of 18.6 ft/s (5.7 m/s). In comparison a .458 Winchester Magnum firing a 500 gr bullet at 2150 ft/s (655.3 m/s) will generate about 61 ft·lbf (82.7 J) of recoil energy at velocity of 19.7 ft/s (6 m/s) in a similar weighted rifle.
Sporting Usage
The intent and purpose behind the .416 Remington Magnum cartridge was to provide a dangerous game rifle cartridge which could emulate the performance of the vaunted .416 Rigby cartridge. While the .375 H&H Magnum is considered marginal on heavy, dangerous game, the .416 Rigby was recognized as a big bore with definitive stopping power to put down elephant, African Cape buffaloAfrican Buffalo
The African buffalo, affalo, nyati, Mbogo or Cape buffalo is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild Asian water buffalo, but its ancestry remains unclear...
and rhinoceros
Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros , also known as rhino, is a group of five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to southern Asia....
. The cartridge has been successfully used against these game species in Africa and is a popular cartridge among professional hunters and has been slowly replacing the .458 Winchester Magnum.
Although dangerous game hunting is conducted at fairly close ranges rarely exceeding 60 yd (54.9 m) the .416 Remington Magnum has the required energy and penetration to kill heavy dangerous game at ranges over 100 yd (91.4 m). The cartridge has an effective range against lion
Lion
The lion is one of the four big cats in the genus Panthera, and a member of the family Felidae. With some males exceeding 250 kg in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger...
and leopard
Leopard
The leopard , Panthera pardus, is a member of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four "big cats" in the genus Panthera, the other three being the tiger, lion, and jaguar. The leopard was once distributed across eastern and southern Asia and Africa, from Siberia to South Africa, but its...
out to over 250 yd (228.6 m). However, due to terrain and habitat such shooting instances rarely ever occur.
Unlike the many of the .458 caliber (11.43 mm) cartridges, the .416 Remington is more flexible, multipurpose cartridge. Since the cartridge can shoot almost as flat as the .375 H&H Magnum, it can be used effectively for heavier plains game with lighter bullets. The 300 gr bullets similar to the Swift A-Frame or Barnes TSX bullets are appropriate for heavier non-dangerous game. Lighter dangerous game such as leopard and lion are best served with lighter bullets which open up rapidly or bullets which fragment upon impact such as the A-Square 400 gr Lion Load. African countries require a minimum caliber of either 0.375 in (9.5 mm) or 0.4 in (10.2 mm) for the hunting of dangerous game.As this is the case the 41 caliber (10.36 mm) is the first acceptable common caliber for the hunting of dangerous game such as the big five.
The cartridge has found use in North America among guides in Alaska as insurance against large brown bears
Kodiak Bear
The Kodiak bear , also known as the Kodiak brown bear or the Alaskan grizzly bear or American brown bear, occupies the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in South-Western Alaska. Its name in the Alutiiq language is Taquka-aq. It is the largest subspecies of brown bear.- Taxonomy :Taxonomist C.H...
found in the state. Apart from the big bears such as the Alaskan brown bear, polar bear
Polar Bear
The polar bear is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size...
and perhaps large bovines such as plains
Plains Bison
The Plains Bison or Common bison is one of two subspecies/ecotypes of the American Bison, the other being the Wood Bison . Furthermore, it has been suggested that the Plains Bison consists of a northern and a southern subspecies, bringing the total to three...
and wood bison
Wood Bison
The Wood Bison, Bison bison athabascae, also called Mountain Bison, Wood Buffalo or Mountain Buffalo, is a distinct northern subspecies or ecotype of the American Bison...
, no North American game species requires the power and the energy of the .416 Remington Magnum in North America. The cartridge can also be employed as a elk
Elk
The Elk is the large deer, also called Cervus canadensis or wapiti, of North America and eastern Asia.Elk may also refer to:Other antlered mammals:...
or moose
Moose
The moose or Eurasian elk is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a dendritic configuration...
cartridge, however, there are far more appropriate cartridges for these larger deer species.
Outside sports hunting the .416 Remington Magnum has found little to no use. While the bullet of high sectional density are commonly available none have the high balletic coefficients for target shooting. Furthermore, the heavy recoil of the cartridge can have an adverse effect as one would have to shoot long string shots depending on the discipline. An exception to this is the Big Bore shoots sponsored by the Big Bore Shooting Association and its affiliates.
Rifles
When the .416 Remington Magnum was released to the public in 1989 it was available in three Remington Model 700 Safari rifle models including the then just released Model 700 Safari KS rifle. Today, Remington no longer offers the .416 Remington as an over the counter chambering but rather through the Remington Custom Shop. When the Model 700 Safari KS was relegated to the Remington Custom Shop, Remington continued offer the .416 Remington Magnum in this rifle model but dropped the two Walnut stocked rifles in this chambering. Since then, Remington has discontinued to the .416 Remington Magnum in the Safari KS model and instead switched to the Hunter Series Model 700 ABG (African Big Game) Rifle which sports a wood laminate stock. This is the only current rifle which is available from Remington which is offered in this cartridge and is only available from the custom shop.In 2010 Winchester introduced the Model 70 Safari Express and chambered for three popular Safari cartridges including the .416 Remington Magnum. The Model 70 Safari Express was billed as a no frills working rifle featuring a Mauser style controlled round feeding. Mauser continues offers the M03 Magnum rifle chambered for the cartridge. For those wanting an authentic Mauser 98 action type, Dumoulin Herstal chambers the cartridge in their Herstal Safari rifle. A-Square offers the Hannibal (right handed) and Caesar (left handed) rifles in the .416 Remington. The A-Square rifles are based on the P-14 Enfield design. Apart from these manufacturers several custom gunsmiths offer rifles chambered for this cartridge.
Building custom rifles or having a rifle re-chambed for the .416 Remington Magnum is a fairly straightforward and easy option. Any rifle action which can handle the full length magnum cartridge such as .375 H&H Magnum requires only a barrel change and perhaps some work on the magazine feed system. On the other hand the larger Rigby and Weatherby cartridges would require an appropriate extra large magnum action as a starting point
Ammunition
The 400 gr bullet at 2400 ft/s (731.5 m/s) is the industry performance standard for the .416 Remington Magnum. Very few ammunition manufacturers offer bullet weights other than the 400 gr bullet. Currently Conley Precision, Double Tap, Federal, Hornady, Norma, Remington and Winchester produce ammunition for rifles chambered for the this cartridge. Currently only Conley Precision, Double Tap and Norma produce ammunition loaded with bullet weighing something other than 400 gr. However, the ammunition produced by these companies are generally available only through mail order (Conley Precision) or not commonly found throughout North America (Norma and Double Tap).Federal provides five loaded cartridges in their Federal Premium line loaded with Barnes, Swift and Trophy Bonded bullets. Hornady offers a solid (DGS) and a controlled expansion bullet (DGX) as ammunition for the .416 Remington Magnum. Norma offers a solid and soft point ammunition loaded with Woodleigh 450 gr bullets at 2150 ft/s (655.3 m/s) in their PH line of ammunition. Remington offers a single load topped with a Swift A-Frame bullet while Winchester offers two loads in their Safari ammunition line using Nosler’s Solid and Partition bullets. Double Tap offers four loads, a 300 gr and 350 gr Banes TSX bullets at 2920 ft/s (890 m/s) and 2725 ft/s (830.6 m/s) respectively, a 400 gr Nosler Partition at 2450 ft/s (746.8 m/s) and a 450 gr Woodleigh Weldcore at 2325 ft/s (708.7 m/s).
Criticism
The .416 Remington Magnum has often been criticized for operating at higher pressures than the .416 Rigby and these high pressures can cause difficulty in extracting spent casings in hot tropical environments. However, such claims appear to be speculative and remain for a large part unfounded. While the cartridge is loaded to higher pressures than the .416 Rigby, Remington loads the cartridge to lower than the maximum stipulated pressure level for the cartridge. Although the .416 Remington brass is known for its strength, Rigby brass quality varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and designed for the moderate working pressure of the Rigby cartridge as stipulate by the CIP and SAAMI. Furthermore, modern smokeless powders are insensitive to ambient temperatures and are stable throughout the working temperature range. The Remington cartridge has always been loaded with modern smokeless powders, however, that is not true of the .416 Rigby which was originally loaded with cordite. Since cordite is temperature sensitive the Rigby cartridge was loaded to lower pressure levels. As is the case, such objections regarding the higher working pressure of the .416 Remington Magnum appear to be without merit.Variants
The .416 Hoffman uses an improved .375 H&H case necked up to accept a .416 inch bullet. The Hoffman cartridge is slightly larger than the .416 Remington Magnum in the neck and shoulder area and has a less taper. The Hoffman cartridge has a case capacity of 109.5 gr. of water (7.11 cm3), about 2% greater than that of the .416 Remington Magnum. Consequently, a rifle which is chambered for the .416 Hoffman can fire a .416 Remington Magnum cartridge but not vice versa. The .416 Hoffman had been adopted by A-Square as a proprietary cartridge but later discontinued. The cartridge can be considered an improved .416 Remington Magnum if it had not predated the Remington cartridge by over a decade.See also
- .416 Rigby.416 RigbyThe .416 Rigby or 10.6x74mm was designed in 1911 by John Rigby & Company of London, England as a dangerous game cartridge and is the first one to use a bullet with a diameter of .416"...
- .416 Ruger.416 RugerThe .416 Ruger is .41 caliber , a beltless, rimless, bottlenecked cartridge designed as a joint venture by Hornady and Ruger in 2008. The cartridge is based on the .375 Ruger case which was necked up to accept a bullet...
- .416 Taylor.416 TaylorThe .416 Taylor is a rifle cartridge. According to Ken Waters in Pet Loads, it was created by Robert Chatfield-Taylor in the early 1970s, with the first rifle in this caliber being a factory barreled Winchester Model 70. The case is based on the .458 Winchester Magnum necked down to accept .416...
- .416 Weatherby Magnum.416 Weatherby MagnumThe .416 Weatherby Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked cartridge designed by Ed Weatherby and launched commercially in 1989. It is a dangerous game cartridge intended for the hunting of heavy dangerous game such as elephant and African Cape buffalo. It is considered the most powerful commercial .416...
- List of rifle cartridges
- 10 mm caliber10 mm caliberThis article lists firearm cartridges which have a bullet in the caliber range.*Length refers to the cartridge case length.*OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge.All measurements are in mm .-Pistol cartridges:...