The Wunderlich Act of 1954 provided that if a contractor should appeal an administrative decision to a court, any administrative determinations of "questions of fact" arrived at under a disputes clause "shall be final and conclusive unless" unless grossly unsupportable.

The United States Supreme Court ruled (in United States v. Carlo Bianchi & Co.) that Congress thereby intended that, in a breach of contract

Breach of contract

Breach of contract is a legal cause of action in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance....

suit that challenges the evidentiary basis for the administrative decision, a court may not make a de novo determination of the facts, but must confine its review to the administrative record.