WinMX
Encyclopedia
WinMX is a freeware
peer-to-peer
file sharing
program authored by Frontcode Technologies that runs on Microsoft Windows
operating systems, created in 2001. According to one study, it was the number one source for online music in 2005 with an estimated 2.1 million users. Frontcode itself abandoned development of WinMX in September 2005, but a community of developers brought the service back online within a few days by releasing patches or new host files. In North America, WinMX has since been eclipsed by other networks such as gnutella
and other P2P distribution models like BitTorrent.
Since May 2011, WinMX has been under severe network attacks and almost all functionality of the network has been lost.
client capable of connecting to several servers simultaneously, although Frontcode later created a proprietary
protocol, termed WinMX Peer Network Protocol (WPNP), which was used starting with WinMX 2 in May 2001. Frontcode had operated several cache servers to aid WPNP network operation.
Downloads can be very fast for popular songs since the user can run a "multi-point download" that simultaneously downloads the same file in small pieces from several users. Some consider WinMX to be much safer than many other file sharing software, mainly because no spyware
and adware
comes with WinMX.
The WinMX program houses a few built-in features such as bandwidth monitoring, short messaging, and hosting chatrooms and functions as an OpenNap client. Users can negotiate an exchange of their files with the help of the short messaging system or chat. After the transfers have started, each gets the option of selecting an individual bandwidth for the other to make sure both transfers end more or less at the same time. There are a few drawbacks of the program itself. It may use up huge amounts of memory when run for a long time, and there is an upper limit to the size of files that can be shared (2GB), this design decision was to maintain Windows98 support.
, video, images
, and archive
files are available by default, and all others can be configured in the program's settings. It is also considered a very safe network with a limited number of viruses. WinMX also has a file-size restriction. Files over 2GB will not be shared, and must be split into chunks smaller than 2GB in order to be shared. Although there is no limit to the number of files a user can share on the WPNP network, when a list of a specific user's files is requested (using the "Browse" function) only a limited amount will be shown. These limits are 5,000 files for a Primary connection, and 3,000 files for a Secondary connection. However, all of the shared files will be visible to a general search via filename or hash. These limitations do not apply on OpenNap servers.
number of the file along with the way to find it is sent through the network to the user who made the search. Searches can also be made with hash numbers instead of words and numbers.
Even before the WinMX network was originally shut down in 2005, there were increasing reports of fake files and corrupted data in the networks. The people hosting the files, called 'flooders', connect as secondary users. If certain trigger words are included by a user when searching for a file, that user gets many results which are not real. Along with wasting the user's time, the resulting large bandwidth often crashes the user and the "Primary" to which he or she is connected. This flooding continued when the efforts of third parties resurrected WinMX days after its closure. However, the newest third-party patch available now blocks fake files.
servers. It can still connect to many OpenNap
servers. These servers enable users to connect to a wider userbase and also receive many more search results. Two advantages of running OpenNap is the ability to have a permanent list of friends called a hotlist and the ability to display an unlimited number of files for sharing.
letter from the RIAA
demanding that they either implement filters to make it impossible for users to download copyrighted material from WinMX, or shut down. On September 21, 2005, the network and the WinMX homepage were officially confirmed as offline.
lookup WinMX uses to find peer caches. When WinMX tries to find the Frontcode peer caches (central servers essential for the operation of WinMX), it is instead directed to look up one of the new peer caches set up by the WinMX communities. Although these patches reconnected users, the official closure caused the user base to decrease, and those who remained were split between the patches, causing rifts between them. Each group wanted users to get reconnected using their patch and not the patch of the other group.
In 2008, a new patch was released to coincide with the third anniversary of the two previous patches' release date. Known as the "WinMX Community Patch", it was created through the joint effort of an independent, third-party programmer and the cooperative input and testing from the two communities. Supported and available for download by both groups, it is intended to replace the previous patches being used, allowing all users to once again connect to a single set of peer caches, unifying all users for the first time since the official closure of WinMX in 2005.
A web based WinMX Chat Room List has been set up for users to use to get a full room list, and they can also manually list their chat rooms on this web page, which in turn are forced to list on the actual WinMX network.
One project announced on a major WinMX community site is however still ongoing and is being created as open src, with two live developers creating the core of the application, its expected to release a beta some time in early 2012 following a years worth of research and practical coding to emulate the existing official client. Currently test versions are in production and alpha testing of the clients functional modules is underway in closed usergroup testing.
The initial release will not feature any OpenNap
support.
s. They include bots, servers to host rooms, and plugins. Bots are used in the chat rooms to either make it more lively, introduce games, or to moderate users, maintain lists of the files a user in a chat room has, and more. Other plugins perform automatic functions including displaying music files currently playing on the user's computer and aid in posting colored ASCII
pictures in rooms.
Chat servers are used primarily to host rooms. This is so that room administrators can host rooms more effectively. A big advantage of chat servers is that a chat room can be accessed without having to run a full copy of WinMX. Some also contain useful shortcuts or menus to make administrating a channel easier. For normal users, chat clients or the WinMX client itself can be used to view rooms independently of the server. Web listings of the chat room are also available and can be accessed using software.
Freeware
Freeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee, but usually with one or more restricted usage rights. Freeware is in contrast to commercial software, which is typically sold for profit, but might be distributed for a business or commercial purpose in the...
peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads among peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application...
file sharing
File sharing
File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information, such as computer programs, multimedia , documents, or electronic books. It may be implemented through a variety of ways...
program authored by Frontcode Technologies that runs on Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal...
operating systems, created in 2001. According to one study, it was the number one source for online music in 2005 with an estimated 2.1 million users. Frontcode itself abandoned development of WinMX in September 2005, but a community of developers brought the service back online within a few days by releasing patches or new host files. In North America, WinMX has since been eclipsed by other networks such as gnutella
Gnutella
Gnutella is a large peer-to-peer network which, at the time of its creation, was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model...
and other P2P distribution models like BitTorrent.
Since May 2011, WinMX has been under severe network attacks and almost all functionality of the network has been lost.
Beginnings
WinMX began its life as an OpenNAPOpennap
OpenNap is a peer-to-peer service server software. It was created as an open source Napster server, extending the Napster protocol to allow sharing of any media type, and adding the ability to link servers together.-History:...
client capable of connecting to several servers simultaneously, although Frontcode later created a proprietary
Proprietary software
Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
protocol, termed WinMX Peer Network Protocol (WPNP), which was used starting with WinMX 2 in May 2001. Frontcode had operated several cache servers to aid WPNP network operation.
Downloads can be very fast for popular songs since the user can run a "multi-point download" that simultaneously downloads the same file in small pieces from several users. Some consider WinMX to be much safer than many other file sharing software, mainly because no spyware
Spyware
Spyware is a type of malware that can be installed on computers, and which collects small pieces of information about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user, and can be difficult to detect. Typically, spyware is secretly installed on the user's...
and adware
Adware
Adware, or advertising-supported software, is any software package which automatically plays, displays, or downloads advertisements to a computer. These advertisements can be in the form of a pop-up. They may also be in the user interface of the software or on a screen presented to the user during...
comes with WinMX.
The WinMX program houses a few built-in features such as bandwidth monitoring, short messaging, and hosting chatrooms and functions as an OpenNap client. Users can negotiate an exchange of their files with the help of the short messaging system or chat. After the transfers have started, each gets the option of selecting an individual bandwidth for the other to make sure both transfers end more or less at the same time. There are a few drawbacks of the program itself. It may use up huge amounts of memory when run for a long time, and there is an upper limit to the size of files that can be shared (2GB), this design decision was to maintain Windows98 support.
Function
To get started, users connect to the WinMX Peer Network (WPN) either as a primary or secondary user. A majority of the functions on the WPN are available to both users, but primary users need to spend more bandwidth, tend to have better connections, and have the ability to host chat rooms. Secondary users use very little idle bandwidth, but their prolonged connection to the network is not always stable.Sharing files in WinMX
WinMX users can share nearly every type of file using the network. The most common file types such as audioAudio file format
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. This data can be stored uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size. It can be a raw bitstream, but it is usually a container format or an audio data format with defined storage layer.-Types of...
, video, images
Image file formats
Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images. Image files are composed of either pixels, vector data, or a combination of the two. Whatever the format, the files are rasterized to pixels when displayed on most graphic displays...
, and archive
Archive format
An archive format is the file format of an archive file. The archive format is determined by the file archiver. Some archive formats are well-defined by their authors and have become conventions supported by multiple vendors and/or open-source communities....
files are available by default, and all others can be configured in the program's settings. It is also considered a very safe network with a limited number of viruses. WinMX also has a file-size restriction. Files over 2GB will not be shared, and must be split into chunks smaller than 2GB in order to be shared. Although there is no limit to the number of files a user can share on the WPNP network, when a list of a specific user's files is requested (using the "Browse" function) only a limited amount will be shown. These limits are 5,000 files for a Primary connection, and 3,000 files for a Secondary connection. However, all of the shared files will be visible to a general search via filename or hash. These limitations do not apply on OpenNap servers.
Searching for files
Users can search for almost any file in WinMX. When a user sends out a search, the search is spread throughout the network. If a file is found, the HASHHash function
A hash function is any algorithm or subroutine that maps large data sets to smaller data sets, called keys. For example, a single integer can serve as an index to an array...
number of the file along with the way to find it is sent through the network to the user who made the search. Searches can also be made with hash numbers instead of words and numbers.
Even before the WinMX network was originally shut down in 2005, there were increasing reports of fake files and corrupted data in the networks. The people hosting the files, called 'flooders', connect as secondary users. If certain trigger words are included by a user when searching for a file, that user gets many results which are not real. Along with wasting the user's time, the resulting large bandwidth often crashes the user and the "Primary" to which he or she is connected. This flooding continued when the efforts of third parties resurrected WinMX days after its closure. However, the newest third-party patch available now blocks fake files.
Chatting
WinMX allows a person to host chatrooms with its built-in Chat function. There are some rooms reserved for chat, some for trading files, and some which allow both. There are typically around 1,500 to 2,000 chatrooms open at any given time in a multitude of languages. WinMX also allows its users to message each other using its Private Message function regardless of whether or not they are in the same chat room or are downloading from/uploading to each other. However, settings allow any user to block messages from users if they choose. It is also possible to host chatrooms in languages other than English, such as Japanese, German, French and Italian.OpenNap
WinMX started out as a Peer-to-Peer program that connected to OpenNapOpennap
OpenNap is a peer-to-peer service server software. It was created as an open source Napster server, extending the Napster protocol to allow sharing of any media type, and adding the ability to link servers together.-History:...
servers. It can still connect to many OpenNap
Opennap
OpenNap is a peer-to-peer service server software. It was created as an open source Napster server, extending the Napster protocol to allow sharing of any media type, and adding the ability to link servers together.-History:...
servers. These servers enable users to connect to a wider userbase and also receive many more search results. Two advantages of running OpenNap is the ability to have a permanent list of friends called a hotlist and the ability to display an unlimited number of files for sharing.
Translations
WinMX is natively run in the English language, but language files can be installed to translate menus into the following languages: Chinese, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Swedish.Official closing
On September 13, 2005, Frontcode Technologies received a cease and desistCease and desist
A cease and desist is an order or request to halt an activity and not to take it up again later or else face legal action. The recipient of the cease-and-desist may be an individual or an organization....
letter from the RIAA
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America is a trade organization that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States...
demanding that they either implement filters to make it impossible for users to download copyrighted material from WinMX, or shut down. On September 21, 2005, the network and the WinMX homepage were officially confirmed as offline.
Resurrection
By September 23, 2005, users were able to download two unofficial patches for WinMX from two unrelated websites. These patches worked by modifying the DNSDomain name system
The Domain Name System is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities...
lookup WinMX uses to find peer caches. When WinMX tries to find the Frontcode peer caches (central servers essential for the operation of WinMX), it is instead directed to look up one of the new peer caches set up by the WinMX communities. Although these patches reconnected users, the official closure caused the user base to decrease, and those who remained were split between the patches, causing rifts between them. Each group wanted users to get reconnected using their patch and not the patch of the other group.
In 2008, a new patch was released to coincide with the third anniversary of the two previous patches' release date. Known as the "WinMX Community Patch", it was created through the joint effort of an independent, third-party programmer and the cooperative input and testing from the two communities. Supported and available for download by both groups, it is intended to replace the previous patches being used, allowing all users to once again connect to a single set of peer caches, unifying all users for the first time since the official closure of WinMX in 2005.
Network Attacks
Since May 2011, the WinMX network has been under protocol level attack from a disgruntled developer who disagrees with those operating the network support infrastructure (user support forums & peer cache operators). During this time, users are unable to search for files, and unable to receive a full chat room list.A web based WinMX Chat Room List has been set up for users to use to get a full room list, and they can also manually list their chat rooms on this web page, which in turn are forced to list on the actual WinMX network.
Replacement Client
An initial project called WinPY attempted to make a replacement open source WinMX client. The WinPY project was the most successful replacement client project as a preview alpha version with limited basic functionality was released; however, it quickly stalled due to lack of interest. There have also been several attempts to start new projects to create replacement clients however most have stalled before releasing anything, with many projects consisting of a drawing of what a GUI should look like, with no programmer involvement.One project announced on a major WinMX community site is however still ongoing and is being created as open src, with two live developers creating the core of the application, its expected to release a beta some time in early 2012 following a years worth of research and practical coding to emulate the existing official client. Currently test versions are in production and alpha testing of the clients functional modules is underway in closed usergroup testing.
The initial release will not feature any OpenNap
Opennap
OpenNap is a peer-to-peer service server software. It was created as an open source Napster server, extending the Napster protocol to allow sharing of any media type, and adding the ability to link servers together.-History:...
support.
Third-party programs
In addition to the program and patches, developers and WinMX users have created third party programs to either enhance the chat room function or to control uploading by others peers.Chat
Most of the software that has been made by third-party developers are for use in the WinMX chat roomChat room
The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by mass media to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing...
s. They include bots, servers to host rooms, and plugins. Bots are used in the chat rooms to either make it more lively, introduce games, or to moderate users, maintain lists of the files a user in a chat room has, and more. Other plugins perform automatic functions including displaying music files currently playing on the user's computer and aid in posting colored ASCII
ASCII
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character-encoding scheme based on the ordering of the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text...
pictures in rooms.
Chat servers are used primarily to host rooms. This is so that room administrators can host rooms more effectively. A big advantage of chat servers is that a chat room can be accessed without having to run a full copy of WinMX. Some also contain useful shortcuts or menus to make administrating a channel easier. For normal users, chat clients or the WinMX client itself can be used to view rooms independently of the server. Web listings of the chat room are also available and can be accessed using software.
Upload managers
Upload managers are used to control the upload rate of peers and can block certain kinds of peers from downloading, including those who do not share any files.External links
- Archive of WinMX homepage (from November 2004, site is defunct )
- What Happened to the WinMX Network? - September 29, 2005 About.com article
See also
- WinNYWinnyWinny is a Japanese peer-to-peer file-sharing program which claims to be loosely inspired by the design principles behind the Freenet network, which keep user identities untraceable...
, a privately developed "sequel" to WinMX for Japanese users - Share (P2P)Share (P2P)is the name for a closed-source P2P application being developed in Japan by an anonymous author. Since the author of Winny was arrested, Share was developed as its successor, also focusing on higher security...
, a Japanese successor to WinNY - Perfect Dark (P2P)Perfect Dark (P2P)is a Japanese peer-to-peer file-sharing application designed for use with Microsoft Windows . It was launched in 2006, its author is known by the pseudonym . Perfect Dark was developed with the intention for it to be the successor to both Winny and Share...
, a Japanese successor to Share