Wai Ren
Encyclopedia
Wai Ren
Wai Ren (Chinese
: 外壬, born Zi Fa (Chinese: 子發), was a Shang Dynasty
King of China.
In the Records of the Grand Historian
he was listed by Sima Qian
as the eleventh Shang king, succeeding his brother Zhong Ding
(Chinese: 仲丁). He was enthroned in the year of Gengxu (Chinese: 庚戌) with Ao (Chinese: 隞) as his capital. During his reign there was a rebellion from Shang's vassals of Pei (Chinese: 邳) and Xian (Chinese: 侁) peoples. He ruled for 15 years (although the Bamboo Annals
claim 10 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Wai Ren and was succeeded by his son He Dan Jia
(Chinese: 河亶甲).
Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu
alternatively record that he was the tenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Bu Ren (Chinese: 卜壬) and succeeded by his son Jian Jia
.
Wai Ren (Chinese
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
: 外壬, born Zi Fa (Chinese: 子發), was a Shang Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley...
King of China.
In the Records of the Grand Historian
Records of the Grand Historian
The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name Shiji , written from 109 BC to 91 BC, was the Magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the Yellow Emperor until his own time...
he was listed by Sima Qian
Sima Qian
Sima Qian was a Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography for his highly praised work, Records of the Grand Historian , a "Jizhuanti"-style general history of China, covering more than two thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to...
as the eleventh Shang king, succeeding his brother Zhong Ding
Zhong Ding
Zhong Ding Zhong Ding Zhong Ding (Chinese: 仲丁, born Zi Zhuang (Chinese: 子庄), was a Shang Dynasty King of China.In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the tenth Shang king, succeeding his father Tai Wu (Chinese: 太戊). He was enthroned in the year of Xinchou (Chinese: 辛丑)...
(Chinese: 仲丁). He was enthroned in the year of Gengxu (Chinese: 庚戌) with Ao (Chinese: 隞) as his capital. During his reign there was a rebellion from Shang's vassals of Pei (Chinese: 邳) and Xian (Chinese: 侁) peoples. He ruled for 15 years (although the Bamboo Annals
Bamboo Annals
The Bamboo Annals is a chronicle of ancient China. It begins at the earliest legendary times and extends to the Warring States Period , particularly the history of the Wei state...
claim 10 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Wai Ren and was succeeded by his son He Dan Jia
He Dan Jia
He Dan Jia He Dan Jia He Dan Jia (Chinese: 河亶甲, born Zi Zheng (Chinese: 子整), was a Shang Dynasty King of China.In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the twelfth Shang king, succeeding his father Wai Ren (Chinese: 外壬). He was enthroned in the year of Gengshen (Chinese:...
(Chinese: 河亶甲).
Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu
Yinxu
Yinxu is the ruins of the last capital of China's Shang Dynasty. The capital served 255 years for 12 kings in 8 generations.Rediscovered in 1899, it is one of the oldest and largest archeological sites in China and is one of the historical capitals of China and a UNESCO World Heritage Site...
alternatively record that he was the tenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Bu Ren (Chinese: 卜壬) and succeeded by his son Jian Jia
He Dan Jia
He Dan Jia He Dan Jia He Dan Jia (Chinese: 河亶甲, born Zi Zheng (Chinese: 子整), was a Shang Dynasty King of China.In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the twelfth Shang king, succeeding his father Wai Ren (Chinese: 外壬). He was enthroned in the year of Gengshen (Chinese:...
.