Uranium reserves
Encyclopedia
Uranium reserves are reserves of recoverable uranium
, regardless of isotope
, based on a set market price. The list given here is based on Uranium 2009: Resources, Production and Demand, a joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
published in 2010. Figures are given in tonnes. The reserves figures denote identified resources as of January 1st, 2009, consisting of reasonably assured resources (RAR) plus inferred resources recoverable at a cost range of below 130 USD
/kg U. The list also includes cumulative historical production figures to 2008 and totals for reserves plus historical production.
The amount of ultimately recoverable uranium depends strongly on what one would be willing to pay for it. Uranium is a widely distributed metal with large low-grade deposits that are not currently considered profitable. If reserves recoverable at up to 260 USD per kilogram of uranium are included, the amount of worldwide reserves increases from 5,404,000 tonnes to 6,306,300 tonnes, according to the Uranium 2009 report. Moreover, much of Canada, Greenland, Siberia and Antarctica are currently unexplored due to permafrost
and may hold substantial undiscovered reserves. When and if reserves from such remote locations will become profitable remains to be seen.
Notes: Historical production for the Czech Republic includes 102,241 tonnes of uranium produced in former Czechoslovakia
from 1946 through the end of 1992. Historical production for Germany includes 213,380 tonnes produced in the German Democratic Republic
from 1946 through the end of 1992. Historical production for the Soviet Union includes the former Soviet Socialist Republics of Estonia
, Kyrgyzstan
, Tajikistan
and Uzbekistan, but excludes Kazakhstan and the Ukraine. Historical production for the Russian Federation and Uzbekistan is since 1992 only.
Uranium
Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
, regardless of isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...
, based on a set market price. The list given here is based on Uranium 2009: Resources, Production and Demand, a joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
published in 2010. Figures are given in tonnes. The reserves figures denote identified resources as of January 1st, 2009, consisting of reasonably assured resources (RAR) plus inferred resources recoverable at a cost range of below 130 USD
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
/kg U. The list also includes cumulative historical production figures to 2008 and totals for reserves plus historical production.
The amount of ultimately recoverable uranium depends strongly on what one would be willing to pay for it. Uranium is a widely distributed metal with large low-grade deposits that are not currently considered profitable. If reserves recoverable at up to 260 USD per kilogram of uranium are included, the amount of worldwide reserves increases from 5,404,000 tonnes to 6,306,300 tonnes, according to the Uranium 2009 report. Moreover, much of Canada, Greenland, Siberia and Antarctica are currently unexplored due to permafrost
Permafrost
In geology, permafrost, cryotic soil or permafrost soil is soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of...
and may hold substantial undiscovered reserves. When and if reserves from such remote locations will become profitable remains to be seen.
Country | Reserves as of 2009 | World Share | Historical Production to 2008 | World Share | Historical Production + Reserves | World Share |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19,500 | 0.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 19,500 | 0.2% | |
19,100 | 0.4% | 2,513 | 0.1% | 21,613 | 0.3% | |
1,673,000 | 31.0% | 156,428 | 6.5% | 1,829,426 | 23.4% | |
0 | 0.0% | 686 | 0.0% | 686 | 0.0% | |
278,700 | 5.2% | 2,839 | 0.1% | 281,539 | 3.6% | |
0 | 0.0% | 16,362 | 0.7% | 16,362 | 0.2% | |
485,300 | 9.0% | 426,670 | 17.7% | 911,970 | 11.7% | |
12,000 | 0.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 12,000 | 0.2% | |
171,400 | 3.2% | 31,399 | 1.3% | 202,799 | 2.6% | |
500 | 0.0% | 110,427 | 4.6% | 110,927 | 1.4% | |
0 | 0.0% | 25,600 | 1.1% | 25,600 | 0.3% | |
1,100 | 0.0% | 30 | 0.0% | 1,130 | 0.0% | |
100 | 0.0% | 75,982 | 3.2% | 76,082 | 1.0% | |
4,800 | 0.1% | 25,403 | 1.1% | 30,203 | 0.4% | |
0 | 0.0% | 219,517 | 9.1% | 219,517 | 2.8% | |
0 | 0.0% | 21,052 | 0.9% | 21,052 | 0.3% | |
80,200 | 1.5% | 9,153 | 0.4% | 89,353 | 1.1% | |
0 | 0.0% | 17 | 0.0% | 17 | 0.0% | |
4,800 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 4,800 | 0.1% | |
4,800 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 4,800 | 0.1% | |
6,600 | 0.1% | 84 | 0.0% | 6,684 | 0.1% | |
111,800 | 2.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 111,800 | 1.4% | |
651,800 | 12.1% | 126,900 | 5.3% | 778,700 | 10.0% | |
0 | 0.0% | 785 | 0.0% | 785 | 0.0% | |
15,000 | 0.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 15,000 | 0.2% | |
0 | 0.0% | 49 | 0.0% | 49 | 0.0% | |
49,300 | 0.9% | 535 | 0.0% | 49,835 | 0.6% | |
284,200 | 5.3% | 95,288 | 4.0% | 379,288 | 4.9% | |
272,900 | 5.0% | 110,312 | 4.6% | 383,212 | 4.9% | |
0 | 0.0% | 1,159 | 0.0% | 1,159 | 0.0% | |
2,700 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2,700 | 0.0% | |
0 | 0.0% | 660 | 0.0% | 660 | 0.0% | |
7,000 | 0.1% | 3,717 | 0.2% | 10,717 | 0.1% | |
6,700 | 0.1% | 18,419 | 0.8% | 25,119 | 0.3% | |
480,300 | 8.9% | 139,735 | 5.8% | 619,735 | 7.9% | |
9,200 | 0.2% | 382 | 0.0% | 9,582 | 0.1% | |
295,600 | 5.5% | 156,312 | 6.5% | 451,912 | 5.8% | |
NA | NA | 102,886 | 4.3% | 102,886 | 1.3% | |
11,300 | 0.2% | 5,028 | 0.2% | 16,328 | 0.2% | |
10,000 | 0.2% | 200 | 0.0% | 10,200 | 0.1% | |
7,300 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 7,300 | 0.1% | |
105,000 | 1.9% | 124,397 | 5.2% | 229,397 | 2.9% | |
207,400 | 3.8% | 363,640 | 15.1% | 571,040 | 7.3% | |
114,600 | 2.1% | 34,939 | 1.4% | 149,539 | 1.9% | |
0 | 0.0% | 86 | 0.0% | 86 | 0.0% | |
Total | 5,404,000 | 100% | 2,409,591 | 100% | 7,813,591 | 100% |
Notes: Historical production for the Czech Republic includes 102,241 tonnes of uranium produced in former Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
from 1946 through the end of 1992. Historical production for Germany includes 213,380 tonnes produced in the German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...
from 1946 through the end of 1992. Historical production for the Soviet Union includes the former Soviet Socialist Republics of Estonia
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic , often abbreviated as Estonian SSR or ESSR, was a republic of the Soviet Union, administered by and subordinated to the Government of the Soviet Union...
, Kyrgyzstan
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Kirghiz SSR, the Kyrgyz SSR, or even Kirghizia, was one of republics that made up the Soviet Union...
, Tajikistan
Tajik SSR
The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Tajik SSR for short, was one of the 15 republics that made up the Soviet Union. Located in Central Asia, the Tajik SSR was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union...
and Uzbekistan, but excludes Kazakhstan and the Ukraine. Historical production for the Russian Federation and Uzbekistan is since 1992 only.