Upper Polog dialect
Encyclopedia
The Upper Polog dialect (Macedonian
: горнополошки дијалект, gornopološki dijalekt ) is a member of the western and north western subgroup of the western group of dialects of the Macedonian language
. The dialect is mainly spoken in the area around the city of Gostivar
to the villages Brvenica
and Bogovinje
on north, Reka region on west, Porčie on east and Galičnik
on south. The dialect is closely related with the neighbouring dialects, particularly with the Kičevo-Poreče dialect
, Reka dialect
and Galičnik dialect
. Also in some extent, the dialect shares some similarities with the Lower Polog dialect
. The dialect is very well known for using masculine forms of direct and indirect objects, for male and female.
Macedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
: горнополошки дијалект, gornopološki dijalekt ) is a member of the western and north western subgroup of the western group of dialects of the Macedonian language
Dialects of the Macedonian language
The dialects of Macedonian comprise the Slavic dialects spoken in the Republic of Macedonia as well as some varieties spoken in the wider geographic region of Macedonia. They exist as part of the dialect continuum of South Slavic languages that joins the Macedonian language with Bulgarian to the...
. The dialect is mainly spoken in the area around the city of Gostivar
Gostivar
Gostivar , is a city in the Republic of Macedonia, located in the upper Polog valley region. It is one of the largest municipalities in the country with a population of 81,042, and the town also covers . Gostivar has good road and railway connections with the other cities in the region, such as...
to the villages Brvenica
Brvenica
Brvenica is one of the largest and most developed villages in Tetovo, in addition to others in the village and is the seat of the municipality Brvenica.-Geography and location:...
and Bogovinje
Bogovinje
Bogovinje is a village in Republic of Macedonia. It is a seat of the Bogovinje municipality.The population is 14.500 in 2002 census....
on north, Reka region on west, Porčie on east and Galičnik
Galicnik
Galičnik is a mountain village in the Republic of Macedonia and along with Lazaropole is one of the two biggest and oldest Mijak villages in the region. Galičnik has well preserved traditional architecture, including an amphitheater in the village square and is famous for its surrounding...
on south. The dialect is closely related with the neighbouring dialects, particularly with the Kičevo-Poreče dialect
Kicevo-Porece dialect
The Kičevo-Poreče dialect is a member of the central subgroup of the western group of dialects of the Macedonian language. The dialect is spoken in a vast area in the Republic of Macedonia and mainly in the cities Kičevo and Makedonski Brod. It is also native to the villages of the region Porečje,...
, Reka dialect
Reka dialect
The Reka dialect is a member of the west and north-west subgroup of the western group of dialects of the Macedonian language. The dialect is mainly spoken on the territory of the region Reka in north-western Macedonia. The Reka dialect is very close with the Galičnik and the Debar dialects...
and Galičnik dialect
Galicnik dialect
The Galičnik dialect or Mala Reka dialect is a member of the subgroup of western and north western dialects of the western group of dialects of the Macedonian language. The dialect is spoken on small territory on the mountain Bistra in western part of the Republic of Macedonia. The name of the...
. Also in some extent, the dialect shares some similarities with the Lower Polog dialect
Lower Polog dialect
The Lower Polog dialect is a member of the western subgroup of the Northern group of dialects of the Macedonian language. It is spoken by the population in north-western Republic of Macedonia. This dialect is spoken in the city Tetovo, in the bigger villages Jegunovce, Vratnica, Tearce, Lešok,...
. The dialect is very well known for using masculine forms of direct and indirect objects, for male and female.
Phonological characteristics
- the yatYatYat or Jat is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet. Its name in Old Church Slavonic is jěd’ or iad’ . In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: .The yat represented a Common Slavic long vowel...
has reflexed into [ɛ]: цена (cena, "price") - the Proto-Slavic *ǫ has denazalized to [a]
- the older [x] has been replaced with [v] in most words: прах (prah) → прав (prav, "dust")
- the consonant group цв- is substituted with цу-: цвет (cvet) → цут (cut, "flower")
- absence of the intervocalic [v] in the plural forms of monosyllabic nouns (e.g. лебо(в)и, дождо(в)и, etc.)
Morphological chacteristics
- use of masculine direct and indirect object for males and females: Мај му ја топкава на Тони/ Дај му ја топкава на Ивона (Daj mu ja topkava na Toni/ Daj mu ja topkava na Ivona) - Give this ball to Toni/ Ivona;
- three definite articleDefinite ArticleDefinite Article is the title of British comedian Eddie Izzard's 1996 performance released on VHS. It was recorded on different nights at the Shaftesbury Theatre...
s pertaining to the position of the object (see Macedonian grammar) - use of suffix -t for third person singular: тој пишува- тој пишуват (toj pišuva)- he writes
Examples of the dialect
Traditional song on Upper Polog dialect:- Што ќе правиме, чиниме,
- со кој мерак ш'о го имаме,
- ниту јадиме, пиеме,
- ниту слободно спиеме.
- Сношти помина покрај нас,
- тамо ја најдов мајка ти.
- - Добро вечер, стара бабо.
- - Дал ти Бог добро, јуначе.
- А што ми рече два збора,
- два збора, до два изгора.
- - Да, море лудо и младо,
- не си го губи времето.
- Момето ми е свршено,
- за друго лудо, порусо,
- за друго лудо, порусо,
- од тебе многу поарно.