The Upper Carniolan dialect group (gorenjska narečna skupina) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Upper Carniolan dialects are spoken in spoken in most of Upper Carniola

Upper Carniola

Upper Carniola is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The centre of the region is Kranj, while other urban centers include Jesenice, Tržič, Škofja Loka, Kamnik, and Domžale.- Historical background :...

 and in Ljubljana

Ljubljana

Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...

.

Phonological and morphological characteristics

Among other features, this group is characterized by monophthongal stressed vowels, an acute semivowel, pitch accent

Pitch accent

Pitch accent is a linguistic term of convenience for a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora within a word. The placement of this tone or the way it is realized can give different meanings to otherwise similar words...

, standard circumflex shift, and two accentual retractions with some exceptions. It features narrowing of o and e in preaccentual position, akanye

Akanye

Akanye or akanje is a phonological phenomenon in Slavic languages in which speakers pronounce the sound a instead of o. The most familiar example is probably Russian akanye...

 (reduction of o to a) in postaccentual position, and strong syncope. There is a partial development of g to [γ], preservation of bilabial w, and general hardening of soft l and n.

Individual dialects and subdialects

• Upper Carniolan dialect
  Upper Carniolan dialect
  The Upper Carniolan dialect is a major Slovene dialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in most of Upper Carniola...
  
   (gorenjsko narečje, gorenjščina)
  • Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect
    Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect
    The Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect is a Slovene subdialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group...
    
     (vzhodnogorenjski govor, vzhodna gorenjščina)
• Selca dialect
  Selca dialect
  The Selca dialect is a Slovene dialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in the Selca Sora Valley, north of a line from Porezen to Mount Lubnik , and south of a line running west of Zgornje Bitnje to north of Dražgoše to west of Zgornja Sorica.-Phonological and morphological...
  
  (selško narečje, selščina)