United States Senate elections, 1794
Encyclopedia
The United States Senate elections of 1794 was the election which had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration
coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration
coalition.
As this election was prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment
, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
(1795—1797)
Senate composition at the end of the 3rd Congress
Senate composition at the beginning of the 4th Congress
Pro-Administration Party (United States)
Pro-Administration "Party" is a term by historians to describe the supporters of the policies of George Washington's administration — especially Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's financial policies — prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties.Almost the entire...
coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration
Anti-Administration Party (United States)
Anti-Administration "Party" was the informal faction comprising the opponents of the policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in the first term of President George Washington. This was not an organized political party but an unorganized faction...
coalition.
As this election was prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment
Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. The amendment supersedes Article I, § 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures...
, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results
4th Congress4th United States Congress
-House of Representatives:- Senate :* President: John Adams * President pro tempore:** Henry Tazewell , first elected December 7, 1795** Samuel Livermore , first elected May 6, 1796** William Bingham , first elected February 16, 1797...
(1795—1797)
- Majority Party: Federalist (20)
- Minority Party: Democratic-Republican (10)
- Other Parties: 0
- Total Seats: 30
Senate composition at the end of the 3rd Congress3rd United States CongressThe Third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives...
| A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | |||||
| P16 | P17 | A13 | A12 | A11 | A10 | A9 | A8 | A7 | A6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P15 | P14 | P13 | P12 | P11 | P10 | P9 | P8 | P7 | P6 |
| P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |||||
- P13 through P17 and A8 through A13: 10 of the 30- Senators were up for re-election.
Senate composition at the beginning of the 4th Congress4th United States Congress-House of Representatives:- Senate :* President: John Adams * President pro tempore:** Henry Tazewell , first elected December 7, 1795** Samuel Livermore , first elected May 6, 1796** William Bingham , first elected February 16, 1797...
| DR1 | DR2 | DR3 | DR4 | DR5 | |||||
| F16 √ | F17 O | F18 & | F19 + | F20 + | DR10 √ | DR9 √ | DR8 √ | DR7 | DR6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F16 √ | F14 √ | F13 √ | F12 | F11 | F10 | F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 |
| F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | |||||
- F18 X: James GunnJames Gunn (senator)James Gunn was a delegate to the Continental Congress and United States Senate for Georgia.Gunn was born in Virginia to John and Mary Gunn. After being educated to the law, he moved and began the practice of law in Savannah, Georgia...
(Georgia) was associated with the Anti-Administration coalition in the previous Congress, but was a Federalist in the subsequent Congress. In later elections, this would be considered a party switch.
| Key | Parties | Results |
|---|---|
| A = Anti-Administration Anti-Administration Party (United States) Anti-Administration "Party" was the informal faction comprising the opponents of the policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton in the first term of President George Washington. This was not an organized political party but an unorganized faction... |
√ = Party hold: Incumbent re-elected |
| DR = Democratic-Republican Democratic-Republican Party (United States) The Democratic-Republican Party or Republican Party was an American political party founded in the early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Political scientists use the former name, while historians prefer the latter one; contemporaries generally called the party the "Republicans", along... |
& = Party gain: Incumbent re-elected, but changed party/coalition |
| F = Federalist Federalist Party (United States) The Federalist Party was the first American political party, from the early 1790s to 1816, the era of the First Party System, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801... |
O = Party hold: New Senator elected from same party/coalition |
| P = Pro-Administration Pro-Administration Party (United States) Pro-Administration "Party" is a term by historians to describe the supporters of the policies of George Washington's administration — especially Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's financial policies — prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties.Almost the entire... |
+ = Party gain: New Senator elected from party/coalition |
| V = Vacant | No tag = Seat not up for election this year |
Complete list of races
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats, except where noted.| State | Incumbent | Winner | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | Stephen Mitchell Stephen Mix Mitchell Stephen Mix Mitchell was an American lawyer, jurist, and statesman from Wethersfield, Connecticut. He represented Connecticut in the Continental Congress and the U.S. Senate and was chief justice of the state's Supreme Court.When Roger Sherman died in 1793, Governor Huntington appointed him to the... (P) |
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. was an American politician who served as the second Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.... (F) |
|
| Georgia | James Gunn James Gunn (senator) James Gunn was a delegate to the Continental Congress and United States Senate for Georgia.Gunn was born in Virginia to John and Mary Gunn. After being educated to the law, he moved and began the practice of law in Savannah, Georgia... (A) |
James Gunn James Gunn (senator) James Gunn was a delegate to the Continental Congress and United States Senate for Georgia.Gunn was born in Virginia to John and Mary Gunn. After being educated to the law, he moved and began the practice of law in Savannah, Georgia... (F) |
Incumbent re-elected |
| Kentucky | John Edwards John Edwards (Kentucky) John Edwards was an American planter and statesman who player a key role in securing Kentucky statehood, and represented the new state in the United States Senate.... (A) |
Humphrey Marshall (F) | |
| Maryland | John Henry John Henry (senator) John Henry was the eighth Governor of Maryland and member of the United States Senate. He was born near Vienna in Dorchester County, Maryland.... (P) |
John Henry John Henry (senator) John Henry was the eighth Governor of Maryland and member of the United States Senate. He was born near Vienna in Dorchester County, Maryland.... (F) |
Incumbent re-elected |
| New Hampshire | John Langdon John Langdon John Langdon was a politician from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and one of the first two United States senators from that state. Langdon was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War and later served in the Continental Congress... (A) |
John Langdon John Langdon John Langdon was a politician from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and one of the first two United States senators from that state. Langdon was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War and later served in the Continental Congress... (DR) |
Incumbent re-elected |
| New York | Rufus King Rufus King Rufus King was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was a delegate for Massachusetts to the Continental Congress. He also attended the Constitutional Convention and was one of the signers of the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania... (P) |
Rufus King Rufus King Rufus King was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was a delegate for Massachusetts to the Continental Congress. He also attended the Constitutional Convention and was one of the signers of the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania... (F) |
Incumbent re-elected |
| North Carolina | Benjamin Hawkins Benjamin Hawkins Benjamin Hawkins was an American planter, statesman, and United States Indian agent . He was a delegate to the Continental Congress and a United States Senator from North Carolina, having grown up among the planter elite... (A) |
Timothy Bloodworth Timothy Bloodworth Timothy Bloodworth was an American teacher and statesman from North Carolina.He was born in North Carolina in 1736 and spent most of his life before the American Revolutionary War as a teacher. In 1776, he began making arms including muskets and bayonets for the Continental Army. In 1778 and... (DR) |
|
| Pennsylvania | Robert Morris (P) | William Bingham William Bingham William Bingham was an American statesman from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801... (F) |
|
| South Carolina | Ralph Izard Ralph Izard Ralph Izard was a U.S. politician. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1794.-Early life:... (P) |
Jacob Read Jacob Read Jacob Read was an American lawyer from Charleston, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina in both the Continental Congress and the United States Senate .- External links :... (F) |
|
| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley Stephen R. Bradley Stephen Row Bradley was an American politician.Bradley was born in Wallingford, Connecticut. His parents were Moses and Mary Bradley, members of prominent New England families who had arrived from England in the 17th century. Bradley spent his childhood in Wallingford and studied at Yale,... (A) |
Elijah Paine Elijah Paine Elijah Paine was a United States Senator from Vermont, serving as a Federalist from 1795 to 1801, and thereafter a long-serving United States federal judge.... (F) |
|
| Virginia Special (class 1) |
James Monroe James Monroe James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States . Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation... (A) |
Stevens Thomson Mason Stevens Thomson Mason (Virginia) Stevens Thomson Mason was a Colonel in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, a member of the Virginia state legislature and a Republican U.S. Senator from Virginia .-Early life and military career:... (A) |
Monroe resigned May 11, 1794. Mason was elected November 18, 1794 to finish the term. |
| Virginia Special (class 2) |
John Taylor John Taylor of Caroline John Taylor usually called John Taylor of Caroline was a politician and writer. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates and in the United States Senate . He wrote several books on politics and agriculture... (A) |
Henry Tazewell Henry Tazewell Henry Tazewell was an American politician who was instrumental in the early government of the U.S. state of Virginia. He was born in Brunswick County, Virginia. He served as the President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1795.He was the father of Littleton Tazewell... (A) |
Taylor resigned May 11, 1794. Tazewell was elected November 18, 1794 to finish the term. |
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1794
- 4th United States Congress4th United States Congress-House of Representatives:- Senate :* President: John Adams * President pro tempore:** Henry Tazewell , first elected December 7, 1795** Samuel Livermore , first elected May 6, 1796** William Bingham , first elected February 16, 1797...