This type of spray nozzle

Spray nozzle

A spray nozzle is a precision device that facilitates dispersion of liquid into a spray. Nozzles are used for three purposes: to distribute a liquid over an area, to increase liquid surface area, and create impact force on a solid surface...

 uses high (20 kHz to 180 kHz) frequency vibration to produce very narrow drop size distribution and low velocity spray from a low viscosity liquid. The vibration of a piezoelectric crystal causes capillary waves on the nozzle surface liquid film. The primary factors influencing the drop size produced are frequency of vibration, surface tension

Surface tension

Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. It is revealed, for example, in floating of some objects on the surface of water, even though they are denser than water, and in the ability of some insects to run on the water surface...

 and density

Density

The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...

 of the liquid.

Electronics manufacturing

From applying flux to very precise areas on a circuit board to the application of carbon nanotubes on to touch-screens.

Medical industry

Pharmaceuticals and stent coating both benefit greatly from the ability to apply polymer

Polymer

A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units. These subunits are typically connected by covalent chemical bonds...

s and other materials with little to no losses. An ideal solution for applications requiring precise coatings using a very narrow spray pattern. Liquids are delivered through an external hypotube to the nozzle's atomizing surface. A low-pressure air stream through the nozzle's central orifice entrains the spray and produces tight, precise spray pattern. Spray width can be as low as 0.015" (0.4 mm) are possible. Soft, low-velocity atomized spray can be targeted with unmatched precision with minimal overspray (minimal waste). Ultra-low flow rates can be achieved over a wide range (from 0.3 - 9 ml/hour). Self-cleaning ultrasonic nozzle can prevent clogging.

Renewable energy

Photovoltaic and dye-sensitized solar technology both need the application of liquids and coatings during the manufacturing process. With most of these substances being very expensive, any losses due to over-spray or quality control are minimized with the use of ultrasonic nozzles.

Nanotechnology

As manufacturing techniques get closer and closer to the atomic level, dipping parts and components in a bath is no longer viable. Extremely accurate spray will be needed more and more as technology shrinks to the point where processes can no longer be seen with the naked eye.