Type 91 Surface-To-Air missile
Encyclopedia
is a Japan
ese man-portable surface-to-air missile. Its appearance is similar to the US-made
FIM-92 Stinger
anti-aircraft missile.
In the ranks of the JSDF, the Type 91 is known as Hand Arrow.
began looking for a replacement for the FIM-92 Stinger
which was then in service via Foreign Military Sales
. Development of the missile then known as Keiko or SAM-X was deferred until 1987. Toshiba took over the project in 1988 and began engineering development. The development was completed in 1990, and low rate production was started in 1991. The missile was initially designated the Type 91 Kin-SAM. It was first deployed in 1994.
In 2007, the Type 91 Kai was delivered after being produced to replace the original Type 91 with several improvements including its motor and capability to be fired in the dark.
The missile is similar to the Stinger missile it replaced, with two rocket solid motors, an initial booster motor and a sustainer. The seeker however is an advanced imaging seeker operating in both the visual and infra-red frequency ranges: 0.4 to 0.7 µm and 3.5 to 5.2 µm respectively. On launch, the missile records the target's image profile and is able to ignore defensive countermeasures such as flares.
Improvements of the Type 91 Kai included missile with image-infra-red seeker, smokeless motor and the capability to have faster shooting and target acquisition and was also improved for the ability to be used at night.
Japan
launcher, has also been developed.
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese man-portable surface-to-air missile. Its appearance is similar to the US-made
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
FIM-92 Stinger
FIM-92 Stinger
The FIM-92 Stinger is a personal portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile , which can be adapted to fire from ground vehicles and helicopters , developed in the United States and entered into service in 1981. Used by the militaries of the U.S...
anti-aircraft missile.
In the ranks of the JSDF, the Type 91 is known as Hand Arrow.
History
Development work on an advanced infra-red seeker began in 1979 at the Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI) after Toshiba and Kawasaki submitted their projects with the former being selected. In 1982, the Japan Self-Defense ForcesJapan Self-Defense Forces
The , or JSDF, occasionally referred to as JSF or SDF, are the unified military forces of Japan that were established after the end of the post–World War II Allied occupation of Japan. For most of the post-war period the JSDF was confined to the islands of Japan and not permitted to be deployed...
began looking for a replacement for the FIM-92 Stinger
FIM-92 Stinger
The FIM-92 Stinger is a personal portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile , which can be adapted to fire from ground vehicles and helicopters , developed in the United States and entered into service in 1981. Used by the militaries of the U.S...
which was then in service via Foreign Military Sales
Foreign Military Sales
The U.S. Department of Defense's Foreign Military Sales program facilitates sales of U.S. arms, defense equipment, defense services, and military training to foreign governments...
. Development of the missile then known as Keiko or SAM-X was deferred until 1987. Toshiba took over the project in 1988 and began engineering development. The development was completed in 1990, and low rate production was started in 1991. The missile was initially designated the Type 91 Kin-SAM. It was first deployed in 1994.
In 2007, the Type 91 Kai was delivered after being produced to replace the original Type 91 with several improvements including its motor and capability to be fired in the dark.
Description
Improvements of the Type 91 Kai included missile with image-infra-red seeker, smokeless motor and the capability to have faster shooting and target acquisition and was also improved for the ability to be used at night.
Users
Japan- Japan Ground Self-Defense ForceJapan Ground Self-Defense ForceThe , or JGSDF, is the army of Japan. The largest of the three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, the Ground Self-Defense Force operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Tokyo. The present chief of ground staff is General Yoshifumi Hibako...
: The Type 91 is used by the Kawasaki OH-1 as its primary anti-aircraft weapon system aside from being used as a MANPAD.
- Japan Air Self-Defense ForceJapan Air Self-Defense ForceThe , or JASDF, is the aviation branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace and other aerospace operations. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining an extensive network of ground and air early warning radar systems...
: Being used as an anti-aircraft weapon by the 101st Base Protection Team.
Variants
An improved version of the Type 91, called the Type 91 Kai, was delivered to replaced the original. A vehicle based variant, the Type 93 Surface-to-air missileType 93 Surface-to-Air Missile
The is a surface to air missile used by the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. It is the vehicle-borne version of the Type 91 missile.It's known in JSDF ranks as the Closed Arrow.-Description:...
launcher, has also been developed.