Tube beading is a metal forming process that forms a bead on the end of a tube. Tube beads can be used to help hold a hose

Hose (tubing)

A hose is a hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes , or more generally tubing...

 on the end of a tube or to strengthen the end of the tube. There are two forming processes: internal roll forming and ram forming.

Internal roll forming

Internal roll forming

Roll forming

Roll forming, also spelled rollforming, is a continuous bending operation in which a long strip of sheet metal is passed through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands, each set performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section profile is obtained...

 is generally slower than ram forming but it holds tight tolerances. Serrated clamp

Clamp (tool)

A clamp is a fastening device to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure...

 jaws are used to hold the tube while an axial pressure is applied to the end of the tube to form the bead.

Ram forming

Ram forming is quicker and usually preferred when speed of production is a concern. The automotive industry

Automotive industry

The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles, and is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue....

 usually uses this process over internal roll-forming. A clamp is used to hold the tube, the tube is expanded to desired diameter by an expansion punch, and then another punch is used to reduce the tube back to pilot diameter. Multiple beads are possible using this process.