Trpimirovic dynasty
Encyclopedia
Trpimirović dynasty was a native Croat
dynasty
that ruled, with interruptions, from 845
until 1091 in Croatia
and was named after Trpimir I
, the first member and the founder. The most prominent rulers of the Trpimirović house include Tomislav
(first king of Croatia, crowned in 925
), Petar Krešimir and Dmitar Zvonimir
; the house gave four duke
s, thirteen king
s and a queen
.
Since the mid 9th century foundation, the house reached independent rule at some later point and dissolved at the end of 11th century. During that time, the state had slight territorial changes, most notably in Bosnia and southern Dalmatia
, where the wars against Venetians
and others were waged.
, the succession struggles between his sons Svetoslav Suronja
, Gojslav
and Krešimir
had the Trpimirović dynasty divided into two cadet lines: the main Krešimirović branch (descendants of Krešimir) and Svetoslavić branch (descendants of Svetoslav Suronja
). Gojslav was taken out since he had no descendants.
According to a version of the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
from the 12th century:
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
dynasty
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
that ruled, with interruptions, from 845
845
Year 845 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* March 28 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collect a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.* The Vikings also sack Hamburg and Melun.* November 22 – Count of Vannes,...
until 1091 in Croatia
Medieval Croatian state
Medieval Croatia can refer to:* Principality of Pannonian Croatia - medieval duchy in existence between the 7th and 10th centuries A.D.* Principality of Littoral Croatia - medieval principality in existence between the 8th century and 925 A.D....
and was named after Trpimir I
Trpimir I of Croatia
Trpimir I was a duke of Croatia in 845–864, and the founder of the Croatian House of Trpimirović. Although he was formally vassal of the Frankish Emperor Lothair I, Trpimir used Frankish-Byzantine conflicts to rule on his own.-Reign:...
, the first member and the founder. The most prominent rulers of the Trpimirović house include Tomislav
Tomislav
King Tomislav was a ruler of Croatia in the Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King of the Croatian Kingdom in 925–928....
(first king of Croatia, crowned in 925
925
Year 925 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Alfonso IV the Monk becomes king of Leon....
), Petar Krešimir and Dmitar Zvonimir
Dmitar Zvonimir
Demetrius Zvonimir was King of Croatia from 8 October 1076 until his death. He also ruled as Ban of Slavonia , and was named Duke of Croatia in around 1075. His native name was Zvonimir, while the name Demetrius was adopted at his coronation.He began as a Ban of Slavonia in the service of King...
; the house gave four duke
Duke
A duke or duchess is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy...
s, thirteen king
King
- Centers of population :* King, Ontario, CanadaIn USA:* King, Indiana* King, North Carolina* King, Lincoln County, Wisconsin* King, Waupaca County, Wisconsin* King County, Washington- Moving-image works :Television:...
s and a queen
Queen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles. Historically, queens consort do not share the king regnant's political and military powers. Most queens in history were queens consort...
.
Since the mid 9th century foundation, the house reached independent rule at some later point and dissolved at the end of 11th century. During that time, the state had slight territorial changes, most notably in Bosnia and southern Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
, where the wars against Venetians
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
and others were waged.
Flow
After the death of King Stjepan DržislavStjepan Držislav
Stephen Držislav was a King of Croatia from 969 AD until his death in 997. He was a member of the Trpimirović dynasty. He ruled from Biograd with Godemir as his Ban.-Early period:...
, the succession struggles between his sons Svetoslav Suronja
Svetoslav Suronja
Svetoslav Suronja was King of Croatia from 997 to 1000. He was a member of House of Trpimirović. He reigned with the help of his Ban, Varda. His name was Svetoslav, but because of his physiology and, probably, his temper, he was nicknamed Suronja which could be translated as dark man or cold man....
, Gojslav
Gojslav of Croatia
Gojslav was a monarch who co-ruled the Kingdom of Croatia with his brother Krešimir III from 1000 to his death in 1020. He was the youngest son of the former Croatian King Stjepan Držislav and a member of royal House of Trpimirović.- Revolt and reign :...
and Krešimir
Krešimir III of Croatia
Krešimir III was a King of Croatia in 1000–1030 from the House of Trpimirović and founder of its cadet line House of Krešimirović. He was the middle son of former King Stjepan Držislav. Until 1020, he co-ruled with his brother Gojslav.-Reign:...
had the Trpimirović dynasty divided into two cadet lines: the main Krešimirović branch (descendants of Krešimir) and Svetoslavić branch (descendants of Svetoslav Suronja
Svetoslav Suronja
Svetoslav Suronja was King of Croatia from 997 to 1000. He was a member of House of Trpimirović. He reigned with the help of his Ban, Varda. His name was Svetoslav, but because of his physiology and, probably, his temper, he was nicknamed Suronja which could be translated as dark man or cold man....
). Gojslav was taken out since he had no descendants.
According to a version of the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja
The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja is a medieval chronicle originally written by a Catholic monk of the Cistercian order by the name of Roger for the Croatian Ban Paul Šubić because an order form by Ban Šubić and a quote of Catholic monk have been discovered...
from the 12th century:
Dukes of Dalmatian Croatia
- Trpimir ITrpimir I of CroatiaTrpimir I was a duke of Croatia in 845–864, and the founder of the Croatian House of Trpimirović. Although he was formally vassal of the Frankish Emperor Lothair I, Trpimir used Frankish-Byzantine conflicts to rule on his own.-Reign:...
(845–864) - ZdeslavZdeslav of CroatiaZdeslav was a Knez of Dalmatian Croatia in 864 and again in 878–879. He was from the House of Trpimirović.-Biography:Zdeslav was a son of Trpimir I. After his father death in 864, an uprising was raised by a powerful Croatian nobleman from Knin - Domagoj, and Zdeslav was exiled with his...
(878–879) - MuncimirMuncimir of CroatiaMuncimir was a knez of Dalmatian Croatia who reigned from 892 to 910. He was a member of the House of Trpimirović....
(892–910) - TomislavTomislavKing Tomislav was a ruler of Croatia in the Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King of the Croatian Kingdom in 925–928....
(910–925)
Kings of Croatia
- TomislavTomislavKing Tomislav was a ruler of Croatia in the Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King of the Croatian Kingdom in 925–928....
(925–928) - Trpimir IITrpimir II of CroatiaTrpimir II was a King of Croatia from 928 to 935. He was from the House of Trpimirović. Trpimir was probably the son of Duke Muncimir and younger brother of Tomislav....
(928–935) - Krešimir IKrešimir I of CroatiaKrešimir I was a King of Croatian Kingdom from 935 until his death in 945. He was a member of the House of Trpimirović.He succeeded his father Trpimir II as King. He managed during his reign, like his father, to hold Croatia as great military power...
(935–945) - MiroslavMiroslav of CroatiaMiroslav was the King of Croatia from 945 until his death in 949 and a member of the House of Trpimirović.He was the oldest son of Krešimir I and succeeded him as king in 945. During his reign Croatia suffered a civil war started by the followers of his brother, Mihajlo...
(945–949) - Mihajlo Krešimir IIMihajlo Krešimir IIMichael Krešimir II was a King of Croatia from 949 to his death in 969. He was a member of the House of Trpimir. Krešimir II was a son of Krešimir I and the younger brother of Miroslav, who preceded him as King of Croatia in 945....
(949–969) - Stjepan DržislavStjepan DržislavStephen Držislav was a King of Croatia from 969 AD until his death in 997. He was a member of the Trpimirović dynasty. He ruled from Biograd with Godemir as his Ban.-Early period:...
(969–997) - Svetoslav SuronjaSvetoslav SuronjaSvetoslav Suronja was King of Croatia from 997 to 1000. He was a member of House of Trpimirović. He reigned with the help of his Ban, Varda. His name was Svetoslav, but because of his physiology and, probably, his temper, he was nicknamed Suronja which could be translated as dark man or cold man....
(997–1000) - Krešimir IIIKrešimir III of CroatiaKrešimir III was a King of Croatia in 1000–1030 from the House of Trpimirović and founder of its cadet line House of Krešimirović. He was the middle son of former King Stjepan Držislav. Until 1020, he co-ruled with his brother Gojslav.-Reign:...
(1000– c. 1030) - GojslavGojslav of CroatiaGojslav was a monarch who co-ruled the Kingdom of Croatia with his brother Krešimir III from 1000 to his death in 1020. He was the youngest son of the former Croatian King Stjepan Držislav and a member of royal House of Trpimirović.- Revolt and reign :...
(1000–c. 1020) - Stjepan IStjepan I of CroatiaStephen I Krešimirović was a King of Croatia from c. 1030 until 1058 and a member of House of Trpimirović, first of the Krešimirović branch. Stephen I is actually not first Croatian king that bore the name "Stephen" , but second...
(c. 1030–1058) - Peter Krešimir IV (1058–1074)
- Dmitar ZvonimirDmitar ZvonimirDemetrius Zvonimir was King of Croatia from 8 October 1076 until his death. He also ruled as Ban of Slavonia , and was named Duke of Croatia in around 1075. His native name was Zvonimir, while the name Demetrius was adopted at his coronation.He began as a Ban of Slavonia in the service of King...
(1075–1089) - Stjepan IIStjepan II of CroatiaStephen II was the last member of the Trpimirović dynasty and last native Croatian king to rule the entire medieval Croatian Kingdom...
(1089–1091)
Family tree
- Trpimir ITrpimir I of CroatiaTrpimir I was a duke of Croatia in 845–864, and the founder of the Croatian House of Trpimirović. Although he was formally vassal of the Frankish Emperor Lothair I, Trpimir used Frankish-Byzantine conflicts to rule on his own.-Reign:...
- Petar
- ZdeslavZdeslav of CroatiaZdeslav was a Knez of Dalmatian Croatia in 864 and again in 878–879. He was from the House of Trpimirović.-Biography:Zdeslav was a son of Trpimir I. After his father death in 864, an uprising was raised by a powerful Croatian nobleman from Knin - Domagoj, and Zdeslav was exiled with his...
- MuncimirMuncimir of CroatiaMuncimir was a knez of Dalmatian Croatia who reigned from 892 to 910. He was a member of the House of Trpimirović....
- TomislavTomislavKing Tomislav was a ruler of Croatia in the Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King of the Croatian Kingdom in 925–928....
- Trpimir IITrpimir II of CroatiaTrpimir II was a King of Croatia from 928 to 935. He was from the House of Trpimirović. Trpimir was probably the son of Duke Muncimir and younger brother of Tomislav....
- Krešimir IKrešimir I of CroatiaKrešimir I was a King of Croatian Kingdom from 935 until his death in 945. He was a member of the House of Trpimirović.He succeeded his father Trpimir II as King. He managed during his reign, like his father, to hold Croatia as great military power...
- MiroslavMiroslav of CroatiaMiroslav was the King of Croatia from 945 until his death in 949 and a member of the House of Trpimirović.He was the oldest son of Krešimir I and succeeded him as king in 945. During his reign Croatia suffered a civil war started by the followers of his brother, Mihajlo...
- Mihajlo Krešimir IIMihajlo Krešimir IIMichael Krešimir II was a King of Croatia from 949 to his death in 969. He was a member of the House of Trpimir. Krešimir II was a son of Krešimir I and the younger brother of Miroslav, who preceded him as King of Croatia in 945....
, married to Jelena of ZadarJelena of ZadarHelen I , also known as Helen of Zadar or Helen the Glorious, was the queen consort of the Kingdom of Croatia, the wife of King Michael Krešimir II. They jointly ruled from 946 to 969, a period which was allegedly marked by "peace, order and expeditious growth"...
- Stjepan DržislavStjepan DržislavStephen Držislav was a King of Croatia from 969 AD until his death in 997. He was a member of the Trpimirović dynasty. He ruled from Biograd with Godemir as his Ban.-Early period:...
- Svetoslav SuronjaSvetoslav SuronjaSvetoslav Suronja was King of Croatia from 997 to 1000. He was a member of House of Trpimirović. He reigned with the help of his Ban, Varda. His name was Svetoslav, but because of his physiology and, probably, his temper, he was nicknamed Suronja which could be translated as dark man or cold man....
- Stjepan SvetoslavićStjepan SvetoslavicStjepan was a son of Croatian King Svetoslav Suronja, member of Trpimirović dynasty.As his father was allied with Venetian Republic in Croatian civil wars and Croatian-Bulgarian wars, as well as in campaign of Pietro Orseolo II against Croatia in 1000, it was decided to strengthen those bonds even...
- Dmitar ZvonimirDmitar ZvonimirDemetrius Zvonimir was King of Croatia from 8 October 1076 until his death. He also ruled as Ban of Slavonia , and was named Duke of Croatia in around 1075. His native name was Zvonimir, while the name Demetrius was adopted at his coronation.He began as a Ban of Slavonia in the service of King...
, married Jelena LijepaJelena Lijepa-Biography:Helen was born a Hungarian princess and was the daughter of Árpád dynasty's King Bela I, sister to King Ladislaus I of Hungary, granddaughter of Polish King Mieszko II Lambert, and a great-granddaughter of Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria....
(Hungarian: Ilona) of the Árpád dynastyÁrpád dynastyThe Árpáds or Arpads was the ruling dynasty of the federation of the Hungarian tribes and of the Kingdom of Hungary . The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Árpád who was the head of the tribal federation when the Magyars occupied the Carpathian Basin, circa 895...
- Radovan
- Klaudija
- Dmitar Zvonimir
- Stjepan Svetoslavić
- GojslavGojslav of CroatiaGojslav was a monarch who co-ruled the Kingdom of Croatia with his brother Krešimir III from 1000 to his death in 1020. He was the youngest son of the former Croatian King Stjepan Držislav and a member of royal House of Trpimirović.- Revolt and reign :...
- Krešimir IIIKrešimir III of CroatiaKrešimir III was a King of Croatia in 1000–1030 from the House of Trpimirović and founder of its cadet line House of Krešimirović. He was the middle son of former King Stjepan Držislav. Until 1020, he co-ruled with his brother Gojslav.-Reign:...
- Stjepan IStjepan I of CroatiaStephen I Krešimirović was a King of Croatia from c. 1030 until 1058 and a member of House of Trpimirović, first of the Krešimirović branch. Stephen I is actually not first Croatian king that bore the name "Stephen" , but second...
, married Joscella Orseolo, daughter of Pietro Orseolo II- Petar Krešimir IV
- Nada (or Neda)
- Častimir
- Stjepan IIStjepan II of CroatiaStephen II was the last member of the Trpimirović dynasty and last native Croatian king to rule the entire medieval Croatian Kingdom...
- Stjepan II
- Petar Krešimir IV
- Stjepan I
- Svetoslav Suronja
- Stjepan Držislav
- Miroslav
- Krešimir I
- Tomislav
See also
- List of rulers of Croatia
- Trpimirović dynasty family treeTrpimirović dynasty family treeThe following is the family tree of the House of Trpimirović, the Dukes and Kings of Croatia, from 845 to 1091.The following is the family tree of the House of Trpimirović, the Dukes and Kings of Croatia, from 845 to 1091....
- History of CroatiaHistory of CroatiaCroatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century. From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria. The period from the...
- House of DomagojevićHouse of DomagojevićDomagojević dynasty was a native Croat dynasty that ruled in Croatia, precisely in Dalmatia, probably from 864 until 892, with interruptions....
- House of KotromanićHouse of KotromanicThe Kotromanić dynasty was a ruling house that ruled in the medieval Bosnia and the surrounding lands, from the 13th century as Bans until the crowning with the Bosnian crowns in 1377 and then as kings until the Ottoman conquest conquest in 1463....