Trinder glucose activity test
Encyclopedia
The Trinder glucose activity test is a diagnostic test used in medicine to determine the presence of glucose
or glucose oxidase
. The test employs the Trinder reagent, and is a colour change test resulting from the Trinder reaction.
The Trinder reagent, named after P. Trinder of the Biochemistry Department of the Royal Infirmary in Sunderland (see the article listed in further reading), comprises an aminoantipyrine (such as 4-aminoantipyrine
) and phenol
(p-hydroxybenzene).
The Trinder reaction is the reaction between hydrogen peroxide
and the phenol and aminoantipyrine to form a quinone
(quinoneimine), catalyzed by the presence of a peroxidase
(such as horseradish peroxidase
). The hydrogen peroxide is itself produced by an initial reaction where the glucose is oxidised in the presence of the glucose oxidase catalyst into H2O2 and gluconic acid
.
The quinone is red-violet in colour, with the intensity of the colour being in proportion to the glucose concentration. The colour is measured at 505 nm, 510 nm, or 540 nm.
Diagnostic kits containing the Trinder reagent are available, including one from Sigma.
The Stanbio Single Reagent Glucose Method is based upon the Trinder technique.
Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. Cells use it as the primary source of energy and a metabolic intermediate...
or glucose oxidase
Glucose oxidase
The glucose oxidase enzyme is an oxido-reductase that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and D-glucono-δ-lactone. In cells, it aids in breaking the sugar down into its metabolites....
. The test employs the Trinder reagent, and is a colour change test resulting from the Trinder reaction.
The Trinder reagent, named after P. Trinder of the Biochemistry Department of the Royal Infirmary in Sunderland (see the article listed in further reading), comprises an aminoantipyrine (such as 4-aminoantipyrine
Ampyrone
Ampyrone is a metabolite of aminopyrine with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Due to the risk of agranulocytosis its use as a drug is discouraged. Instead it is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates liver microsomes...
) and phenol
Phenol
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, phenic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid. The molecule consists of a phenyl , bonded to a hydroxyl group. It is produced on a large scale as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds...
(p-hydroxybenzene).
The Trinder reaction is the reaction between hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. In dilute solution, it appears colorless. With its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleach or cleaning agent...
and the phenol and aminoantipyrine to form a quinone
Quinone
A quinone is a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds [such as benzene or naphthalene] by conversion of an even number of –CH= groups into –C– groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds," resulting in "a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure."...
(quinoneimine), catalyzed by the presence of a peroxidase
Peroxidase
Peroxidases are a large family of enzymes that typically catalyze a reaction of the form:For many of these enzymes the optimal substrate is hydrogen peroxide, but others are more active with organic hydroperoxides such as lipid peroxides...
(such as horseradish peroxidase
Horseradish peroxidase
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase , found in horseradish, is used extensively in biochemistry applications primarily for its ability to amplify a weak signal and increase detectability of a target molecule.-Applications:...
). The hydrogen peroxide is itself produced by an initial reaction where the glucose is oxidised in the presence of the glucose oxidase catalyst into H2O2 and gluconic acid
Gluconic acid
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH24COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid....
.
The quinone is red-violet in colour, with the intensity of the colour being in proportion to the glucose concentration. The colour is measured at 505 nm, 510 nm, or 540 nm.
Diagnostic kits containing the Trinder reagent are available, including one from Sigma.
The Stanbio Single Reagent Glucose Method is based upon the Trinder technique.