Trichoglossus is a genus of lorikeet in the Psittacidae or true parrot family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

. The genus is distributed widely through Australia

Australia

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

, Wallacea

Wallacea

Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of Indonesian islands separated by deep water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram, and...

 and Melanesia

Melanesia

Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania extending from the western end of the Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji. The region comprises most of the islands immediately north and northeast of Australia...

, with outlier

Outlier

In statistics, an outlier is an observation that is numerically distant from the rest of the data. Grubbs defined an outlier as: An outlying observation, or outlier, is one that appears to deviate markedly from other members of the sample in which it occurs....

s in the Philippines

Philippines

The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

 and Micronesia

Micronesia

Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is distinct from Melanesia to the south, and Polynesia to the east. The Philippines lie to the west, and Indonesia to the southwest....

. Members of the genus are characterised by barring, sometimes prominently, on the upper breast.

Taxonomy

The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...

 terms tricho- "hair", and glõssa "tongue". There are uncertainties in the classification. The main uncertainty is the delineation of the species Trichoglossus haematodus, which has until now been broadly defined with many subspecies. However several are found in remote areas and have been little studied, with some arguing for their classification as separate species. Furthermore, the three species of the related genus Psitteuteles

Psitteuteles

Psitteuteles is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.-Taxonomy:The Psitteuteles genus contains three species:Psitteuteles, Bonaparte 1854* Psitteuteles versicolor,...

 have been sometimes classified as members of Trichoglossus.

The genus contains several species and subspecies:

Trichoglossus Stephens 1826

• Trichoglossus ornatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ornate Lorikeet
  Ornate Lorikeet
  The Ornate Lorikeet is a monotypic species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. It is endemic to Sulawesi and nearby smaller islands in Indonesia. It is found in forest, woodland, mangrove and plantations, and is locally common....
  
  )
• Trichoglossus (haematodus) forsteni Bonaparte, 1850 (Sunset Lorikeet
  Sunset Lorikeet
  The Sunset Lorikeet , also known as the Scarlet-breasted Lorikeet or Forsten's Lorikeet, is a species of parrot that is endemic to the Indonesian islands of Bali, Lombok Sumbawa, Tanahjampea , and Kalaotoa...
  
  )
  • T. h./f. djampeanus Hartert, 1897
  • T. h./f. forsteni Bonaparte, 1850
  • T. h./f. mitchellii Gray,GR, 1859
  • T. h./f. stresemanni Meise, 1929
• Trichoglossus (haematodus) weberi (Buttikofer, 1894) (Leaf Lorikeet
  Leaf Lorikeet
  The Leaf Lorikeet , also known as the Flores Lorikeet or Weber's Lorikeet, is a monotypic species of parrot that is endemic to the Indonesian island of Flores...
  
  )
• Trichoglossus (haematodus) capistratus (Bechstein, 1811) (Marigold Lorikeet
  Marigold Lorikeet
  The Marigold Lorikeet is a species of parrot that is endemic to the south-east Asian islands of Sumba , Wetar and Timor...
  
  )
  • T. h./c. capistratus (Bechstein, 1811)
  • T. h./c. flavotectus Hellmayr, 1914
  • T. h./c. fortis Hartert, 1898
• Trichoglossus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771) (Rainbow Lorikeet
  Rainbow Lorikeet
  The Rainbow Lorikeet, is a species of Australasian parrot found in Australia, eastern Indonesia , Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. In Australia, it is common along the eastern seaboard, from Queensland to South Australia and northwest Tasmania...
  
  )
  • T. h. caeruleiceps Albertis & Salvadori, 1879
  • T. h. deplanchii Verreaux,J & Des Murs, 1860
  • T. h. eyrei Mathews, 1912
  • T. h. flavicans Cabanis & Reichenow, 1876
  • T. h. haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771)
  • T. h. intermedius Rothschild & Hartert, 1901
  • T. h. massena Bonaparte, 1854
  • T. h. moluccanus (Gmelin, 1788)
  • T. h. nesophilus Neumann, 1929
  • T. h. nigrogularis Gray,GR, 1858
  • T. h. rosenbergii Schlegel, 1871
  • T. h. septentrionalis Robinson, 1900
• Trichoglossus (haematodus) rubritorquis Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (Red-collared Lorikeet
  Red-collared Lorikeet
  The Red-collared Lorikeet is a species of parrot found in wooded habitats in northern Australia . It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet, but today most major authorities consider them as separate species...
  
  )
• Trichoglossus euteles (Temminck, 1835) (Olive-headed Lorikeet
  Olive-headed Lorikeet
  The Olive-headed Lorikeet , also called the Perfect Lorikeet, is a species of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It is found in forest, woodland and cultivated areas on Timor and smaller nearby islands.-Description:...
  
  )
• Trichoglossus flavoviridis Wallace, 1863 (Citrine Lorikeet)
  • T. f. flavoviridis Wallace, 1863
  • T. f. meyeri Walden, 1871
• Trichoglossus johnstoniae Hartert, 1903 (Mindanao Lorikeet
  Mindanao Lorikeet
  The Mindanao Lorikeet or Mount Apo Lorikeet is a species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. There are two very similar subspecies, which are both endemic to Mindanao, Philippines....
  
  )
• Trichoglossus rubiginosus (Bonaparte, 1850) (Pohnpei Lorikeet
  Pohnpei Lorikeet
  The Pohnpei Lorikeet is a monotypic species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. It is endemic to the island of Pohnpei and the nearby Ahnd Atoll in Micronesia...
  
  )
• Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus (Kuhl, 1820) (Scaly-breasted Lorikeet
  Scaly-breasted Lorikeet
  The Scaly-breasted Lorikeet is an Australian lorikeet found in woodland in eastern Australia. The common name aptly describes this bird, which has yellow breast feathers broadly edged with green that look like scales....
  
  )

Species details

Species of Trichoglossus in taxonomic sequence Taxonomic sequence Taxonomic sequence is a sequence followed in listing of taxa which aids ease of use and roughly reflects the evolutionary relationships among the taxa...
Common and binomial names	Image	Description	Range
Ornate Lorikeet Ornate Lorikeet The Ornate Lorikeet is a monotypic species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. It is endemic to Sulawesi and nearby smaller islands in Indonesia. It is found in forest, woodland, mangrove and plantations, and is locally common.... Trichoglossus ornatus		25 cm (10.0 in) long. The head is dark blue on top and face below eyes and chin is red. Red at back of the head and yellow on sides of neck. Front of neck to chest has transverse bars of red and blue. Green abdomen with sparse variable yellow scalloping. Beak is orange-red, irises are dark orange, eye-ring is dark grey, and legs are grey.	Indonesia
Rainbow Lorikeet Rainbow Lorikeet The Rainbow Lorikeet, is a species of Australasian parrot found in Australia, eastern Indonesia , Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. In Australia, it is common along the eastern seaboard, from Queensland to South Australia and northwest Tasmania... Trichoglossus haematodus		Some classifications list about 20 subspecies; although, several are sometimes listed as separate species (see below). The photograph (left) is T. h. haematodus.	Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu. (Introduced to Hong Kong.)
Olive-headed Lorikeet Olive-headed Lorikeet The Olive-headed Lorikeet , also called the Perfect Lorikeet, is a species of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It is found in forest, woodland and cultivated areas on Timor and smaller nearby islands.-Description:... Trichoglossus euteles		24 cm (9.5 in) long. Mainly green with an olive coloured head which is demarcated by a green collar. Its beak is orange-red, its irises are red, and its legs are grey.	Indonesia and Timor-Leste
Citrine Lorikeet Trichoglossus flavoviridis		20 cm (8.0 in) long. Mainly green with green and yellow scalloping on its front. Its head is yellow and brown.	Indonesia
Mindanao Lorikeet Mindanao Lorikeet The Mindanao Lorikeet or Mount Apo Lorikeet is a species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. There are two very similar subspecies, which are both endemic to Mindanao, Philippines.... Trichoglossus johnstoniae		20 cm (8 in) long. Mainly green with yellow transverse striations on its front. Its face is red and there is a dark purple band around its head. There is extensive yellow areas on the lower surface of its wings. Its legs are greenish-grey. The beak is orange, the eye-ring is dark grey, the irises are red.	Philippines
Pohnpei Lorikeet Pohnpei Lorikeet The Pohnpei Lorikeet is a monotypic species of parrot in the Psittacidae family. It is endemic to the island of Pohnpei and the nearby Ahnd Atoll in Micronesia... Trichoglossus rubiginosus		24 cm long. It is mainly reddish-maroon with vague approximately transverse striations of darker maroon. The head a slightly darker maroon. The flight feather Flight feather Flight feathers are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges while those on the tail are called rectrices . Their primary function is to aid in the generation of both thrust and lift, thereby... s and tail are olive-yellow. Its legs are grey. The male has an orange beak and yellow-orange irises, while the female has a yellow beak and light grey irises.	Micronesia
Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Scaly-breasted Lorikeet The Scaly-breasted Lorikeet is an Australian lorikeet found in woodland in eastern Australia. The common name aptly describes this bird, which has yellow breast feathers broadly edged with green that look like scales.... Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus		23 cm (9.0 in) long. Mainly green with an all green head. Lowerparts are barred with short transverse yellow and green striations. Orange on lower surface of wings.	Eastern Australia

Rainbow Lorikeet species complex

The Rainbow Lorikeet has about 20 subspecies in some classifications; although, several of these are sometimes split off to form up to four additional species:
The parentheses in the scientific names of the birds in the table are used to indicate that a taxon is sometimes considered to be a full species and sometimes listed as a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet.

Subspecies of Rainbow Lorikeet Rainbow Lorikeet The Rainbow Lorikeet, is a species of Australasian parrot found in Australia, eastern Indonesia , Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. In Australia, it is common along the eastern seaboard, from Queensland to South Australia and northwest Tasmania...  that are sometime classified as separate species
Common and binomial names	Image	Description	Range
Sunset Lorikeet Sunset Lorikeet The Sunset Lorikeet , also known as the Scarlet-breasted Lorikeet or Forsten's Lorikeet, is a species of parrot that is endemic to the Indonesian islands of Bali, Lombok Sumbawa, Tanahjampea , and Kalaotoa... Trichoglossus (haematodus) forsteni		Sometimes classified as a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet	The Indonesian island of Sumbawa Sumbawa Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. It is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara.... , Tanahjampea and Kalaotoa
Leaf Lorikeet Leaf Lorikeet The Leaf Lorikeet , also known as the Flores Lorikeet or Weber's Lorikeet, is a monotypic species of parrot that is endemic to the Indonesian island of Flores... Trichoglossus (haematodus) weberi		Mostly green. Sometimes classified as a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet	Flores Flores Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".Flores is located east of Sumbawa... , one of the Lesser Sunda Islands Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or Nusa Tenggara are a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands...  of Indonesia
Marigold Lorikeet Marigold Lorikeet The Marigold Lorikeet is a species of parrot that is endemic to the south-east Asian islands of Sumba , Wetar and Timor... Trichoglossus (haematodus) capistratus		Sometimes classified as a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet	Islands of Sumba Sumba Sumba is an island in eastern Indonesia, is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, and is in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sumba has an area of 11,153 km², and the population was officially at 611,422 in 2005... , Wetar Wetar The tropical island of Wetar belongs to the Indonesian province of Maluku and is the largest island of the Barat Daya Islands . It lies east of the Lesser Sunda Islands, which include nearby Alor and Timor, but it is politically part of the Maluku Islands...  and Timor Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, belonging to the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. The island's surface is 30,777 square kilometres...  in south-east Asia
Red-collared Lorikeet Red-collared Lorikeet The Red-collared Lorikeet is a species of parrot found in wooded habitats in northern Australia . It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet, but today most major authorities consider them as separate species... Trichoglossus (haematodus) rubritorquis		Sometimes classified as a subspecies of the Rainbow Lorikeet	Northern Australia, including north Kimberley and North West Queensland Queensland Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean... , but excluding Far North Queensland Far North Queensland Far North Queensland, or FNQ, is the northernmost part of the Australian state of Queensland. The region, which contains a large section of the Tropical North Queensland area, stretches from the city of Cairns north to the Torres Strait... .