Tony Garnier (architect)
Encyclopedia
Tony Garnier
Tony Garnier (August 13, 1869 Lyon
– January 19, 1948, Roquefort-la-Bédoule
, France
) was a noted architect
and city planner. He was most active in his hometown of Lyon
.
Garnier is considered the forerunner of 20th century French architects. In 1901, after extensive study of sociological and architectural problems, he began to formulate an elaborate solution to the perceived issues concerning urban design. His basic idea included the separation of spaces by function through zoning
into four categories including leisure/recreation, industry, work, and transport. Garnier published his major treatise Une cité industrielle in 1918.
Garnier designed a city that was partially adopted in the French city of Lyon
s. Une Cite Industrielle was designed as a utopia
n form of living. The plan allowed schools and vocational-type schools to be near the industries they were related to, so that people could be more easily educated. There were no churches or law enforcement buildings, in hope that man could rule himself. This plan was highly influenced by the writings of Emile Zola
.
In the following decades this idea of functional separation was taken up by the members of CIAM
, and would ultimately influence the design of cities like Brasilia
.
Garnier designed the 1905 Halle Tony Garnier
in Lyon.
Tony Garnier (August 13, 1869 Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
– January 19, 1948, Roquefort-la-Bédoule
Roquefort-la-Bédoule
Roquefort-la-Bédoule is a commune in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France. Its inhabitants are called Bédoulens.-Geography:...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
) was a noted architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
and city planner. He was most active in his hometown of Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
.
Garnier is considered the forerunner of 20th century French architects. In 1901, after extensive study of sociological and architectural problems, he began to formulate an elaborate solution to the perceived issues concerning urban design. His basic idea included the separation of spaces by function through zoning
Zoning
Zoning is a device of land use planning used by local governments in most developed countries. The word is derived from the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of land uses from another...
into four categories including leisure/recreation, industry, work, and transport. Garnier published his major treatise Une cité industrielle in 1918.
Garnier designed a city that was partially adopted in the French city of Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
s. Une Cite Industrielle was designed as a utopia
Utopia
Utopia is an ideal community or society possessing a perfect socio-politico-legal system. The word was imported from Greek by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. The term has been used to describe both intentional communities that attempt...
n form of living. The plan allowed schools and vocational-type schools to be near the industries they were related to, so that people could be more easily educated. There were no churches or law enforcement buildings, in hope that man could rule himself. This plan was highly influenced by the writings of Emile Zola
Émile Zola
Émile François Zola was a French writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of naturalism and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism...
.
In the following decades this idea of functional separation was taken up by the members of CIAM
CIAM
CIAM may refer to:* Commission Internationale Aeromodelling, a section of Fédération Aéronautique Internationale* Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne, the International Congress of Modern Architecture...
, and would ultimately influence the design of cities like Brasilia
Brasília
Brasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...
.
Garnier designed the 1905 Halle Tony Garnier
Halle Tony Garnier
The Halle Tony Garnier is a concert hall in Lyon, France.-Capacity:The maximum seated capacity is approximatively 8,000 spectators. For large events, the maximum capacity including standing can reach 16,500 people - making it the third biggest venue in France after the Palais Omnisports de...
in Lyon.