Token
Encyclopedia
A token
Token
A token is an object of value, and may refer to:* In logic, computational linguistics, and information retrieval, a token is an instance of a type; see Type-token distinction...

 is an object of value, and may refer to:
  • In logic
    Logic
    In philosophy, Logic is the formal systematic study of the principles of valid inference and correct reasoning. Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science...

    , computational linguistics
    Computational linguistics
    Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective....

    , and information retrieval
    Information retrieval
    Information retrieval is the area of study concerned with searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching structured storage, relational databases, and the World Wide Web...

    , a token is an instance of a type; see Type-token distinction
    Type-token distinction
    In disciplines such as philosophy and knowledge representation, the type-token distinction is a distinction that separates an abstract concept from the objects which are particular instances of the concept...

  • Token (railway signalling)
    Token (railway signalling)
    In railway signalling, a token is a physical object which a locomotive driver is required to have or see before entering onto a particular section of single track. The token is clearly endorsed with the name of the section it belongs to...

    , a physical object given to a locomotive driver to authorize him to use a particular stretch of single railway track
  • Token coin
    Token coin
    In the study of numismatics, tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of tokens is part of exonumia. Tokens are used in place of coins and either have a denomination shown or implied by size, color or shape...

    , a piece of metal or other composition used as a substitute for currency; includes subway tokens.
  • Casino token
    Casino token
    Casino tokens are small discs used in lieu of currency in casinos. Colored metal, injection molded plastic or compression molded clay tokens of various denominations are used primarily in table games, as opposed to metal token coins, used primarily in slot machines...

  • Other items that are part of Exonumia
    Exonumia
    Exonumia are numismatic items other than coins and paper money. This includes "Good For" tokens, badges, counterstamped coins, elongated coins, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, wooden nickels and other similar items...

  • Tokenism
    Tokenism
    In the arts, employment, and politics, tokenism is a policy or practice of limited inclusion or artistic and/or political representation of members of a traditionally marginalized group, usually creating a false appearance of inclusive practices rather than discrimination, intentional or not...

    , the inclusion of a single person (or very few people) of a group so an organization can publicly claim to be inclusive
  • Knight's token, carried by a medieval knight
  • Wedding tokens, wedding paraphernalia also known as the arrhae or wedding coins
  • A gamepiece or counter used in a game
    Board game
    A board game is a game which involves counters or pieces being moved on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules. Games may be based on pure strategy, chance or a mixture of the two, and usually have a goal which a player aims to achieve...

  • Book token
    Book token
    A book token is a form of gift voucher redeemable in participating bookshops as an alternative to cash, as a means of exchange in a transaction involving the purchase of a book or books.The first book token was launched in the UK in 1932...

    s, certificates redeemable for books

Popular culture

  • Token Black, the only African American
    African American
    African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and are the direct descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States...

     child in the South Park
    South Park
    South Park is an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone for the Comedy Central television network. Intended for mature audiences, the show has become famous for its crude language, surreal, satirical, and dark humor that lampoons a wide range of topics...

    television series.
  • The Tokens
    The Tokens
    The Tokens are an American male doo-wop-style vocal group from Brooklyn, New York. They are known best for their chart-scoring 1961 single, "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" .-Career:...

    , a band perhaps best known for their hit "The Lion Sleeps Tonight
    The Lion Sleeps Tonight
    "The Lion Sleeps Tonight", also known as "Wimoweh" and originally as "Mbube", is a song recorded by Solomon Linda and his group The Evening Birds for the South African Gallo Record Company in 1939. It was covered internationally by many 1950s pop and folk revival artists, including The Weavers,...

    ".

Computing

There are two classes of meaning of 'token' in computing:
  • An object which represents the (often exclusive) right to perform some operation:
    • Token (Petri Net)
      Petri net
      A Petri net is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph, in which the nodes represent transitions and places...

      , an object used in Petri net theory
    • Session token, a unique identifier which is generated and sent from a server to a software client to identify an interaction session and which the client usually stores as an HTTP cookie
    • Security token
      Security token
      A security token may be a physical device that an authorized user of computer services is given to ease authentication...

       (also known as a hardware token, authentication token or cryptographic token), a physical device that an authorized user of computer services is given to aid in authentication
    • Access token
      Access token
      In Microsoft Windows operating systems, an access token contains the security information for a login session and identifies the user, the user's groups, and the user's privileges.-Overview:...

      , a system object representing the subject of access control operations
    • Token ring, a local area network technology in which a virtual object known as a token is passed between devices on the network, authorizing them to communicate
    • Invitation tokens
      Invitation system
      An invitation system is a method of joining an organization, such as a club or a website. In regular society, it refers to any system whereby new members are chosen; they cannot simply apply...

      , sometimes called "codes", sometimes used as a method of curbing website registration for a number of purposes.

  • An atomic object in parsing:
    • Token (parser), usually a word or other atomic parse element
    • Tokenizing, the operation of splitting a string of characters into a set of tokens in lexical analysis
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