Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) is specified in IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards for implementing wireless local area network computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee . The base version of the standard IEEE 802.11-2007 has had subsequent...

 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard to fulfill timing synchronization among users. A Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) keeps the timers for all stations

Station (networking)

In IEEE 802.11 terminology, a station is a device that has the capability to use the 802.11 protocol. For example, a station may be a laptop, a desktop PC, PDA, access point or Wi-Fi phone. A STA may be fixed, mobile or portable...

 in the same Basic Service Set (BSS) synchronized. All stations shall maintain a local TSF timer. Each mobile host maintains a TSF timer with modulus 2⁶⁴ counting in increments of microseconds. The TSF is based on a 1-MHz clock and "ticks" in microseconds. On a commercial level, industry vendor assume the 802.11 TSF's synchronization to be within 25 microseconds.

Timing synchronization is achieved by stations periodically exchanging timing information through beacon frames. Each station in an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) shall adopt a received timing if it is later than the station’s own TSF timer. All stations in the IBSS adopt a common value, aBeaconPeriod, that defines the length of beacon intervals or periods. This value, established by the station that initiates the IBSS, defines a series of Target Beacon Transmission Times (TBTTs) exactly aBeaconPeriod time units apart. Time zero is defined to be a TBTT.

Overview

Each station maintains a TSF timer counting in increments of microseconds (μs). All stations in the IBSS compete for beacon transmission every aBeaconPeriod second. This time period is called a beacon period (BP). At the beginning of each BP, there is a beacon generation window consisting of w + 1 slots each of length aSlotTime. Each station calculates a random delay uniformly distributed in [0, w] and is scheduled to transmit a beacon when the delay timer expires. If a beacon arrives before the random delay timer has expired, the station cancels the pending beacon transmission and the remaining random delay. Upon receiving a beacon, a station sets its TSF timer to the timestamp of the beacon if the value of the timestamp is later than the station’s TSF timer.