Tibors de Sarenom
Encyclopedia
Tibors de Sarenom or Tiburge (c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz
, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadour
s.
during the period of her life.
Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of Sarenom, probably Sérignan-du-Comtat
in Provence
or perhaps Sérignan
in the Roussillon
. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both name Tibors after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was marred in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, it is unlikely they were born long after.
Raimbaut d'Orange, the famous troubadour, was a younger of son of Guilhem and Tibors and thus a younger brother of the two Tibors sisters. In 1150 the elder Tibors died and by her will left Raimbaut, then a minor, under the guardianship of her elder daughter and her son-in-law, the trobairitz' second husband, Bertran dels Baus. The younger sister, Tiburgette, was the recipient of a wedding gift from their father in that year (1150). In the will of her father, Guilhem, Tibors is referred to as autre Tiburge (the other Tibors), while her younger sister is given pre-eminence.
By 1150 (or 1155 if the dating of Tibors d'Aurenga's will is incorrect), Goufroy de Mornas, Tibors' first husband, had already died. She had no recorded children by him, but with Bertrand she had three sons: Uc, father of Barral of Marseille
; Bertran, father of Raimon; and Guilhem
, also a troubadour.
Tibors is said to have died soon after her husband (1180) in 1181 or 1182, but a document of he son Uc dated 13 August 1198 refers to "the advice of his mother Tibors".
with its attached vida and razo
has survived. Nonetheless she is mentioned in an anonymous ballad
dated to between 1220 and 1245, where she acts as the judge of a game of poetry. Her only work goes like this:
Trobairitz
The trobairitz were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. The word trobairitz was first used in the 13th-century romance Flamenca. It comes from the Provençal word trobar, the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the...
, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadour
Troubadour
A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages . Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz....
s.
Biography
Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with vidas, short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in OccitaniaOccitania
Occitania , also sometimes lo País d'Òc, "the Oc Country"), is the region in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language...
during the period of her life.
Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of Sarenom, probably Sérignan-du-Comtat
Sérignan-du-Comtat
Sérignan-du-Comtat is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.-References:*...
in Provence
Provence
Provence ; Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a region of south eastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur...
or perhaps Sérignan
Sérignan
Sérignan is a commune in the Hérault department in Languedoc-Roussillon in southern France....
in the Roussillon
Roussillon
Roussillon is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales...
. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both name Tibors after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was marred in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, it is unlikely they were born long after.
Raimbaut d'Orange, the famous troubadour, was a younger of son of Guilhem and Tibors and thus a younger brother of the two Tibors sisters. In 1150 the elder Tibors died and by her will left Raimbaut, then a minor, under the guardianship of her elder daughter and her son-in-law, the trobairitz' second husband, Bertran dels Baus. The younger sister, Tiburgette, was the recipient of a wedding gift from their father in that year (1150). In the will of her father, Guilhem, Tibors is referred to as autre Tiburge (the other Tibors), while her younger sister is given pre-eminence.
By 1150 (or 1155 if the dating of Tibors d'Aurenga's will is incorrect), Goufroy de Mornas, Tibors' first husband, had already died. She had no recorded children by him, but with Bertrand she had three sons: Uc, father of Barral of Marseille
Barral of Baux
Barral of Baux vas Viscount of Marseilles and Lord of Baux. He was the son of Hugh III of Baux, Viscount of Marseilles, and Barrale....
; Bertran, father of Raimon; and Guilhem
William I of Baux
William I of Baux was the Prince of Orange from 1182 until his death. He was an important Provençal nobleman.William was the son of Bertrand of Baux, the first Prince of Orange a major patron of Occitan poetry, and Tibors de Sarenom, a sister of Raimbaut d'Aurenga and herself a trobairitz...
, also a troubadour.
Tibors is said to have died soon after her husband (1180) in 1181 or 1182, but a document of he son Uc dated 13 August 1198 refers to "the advice of his mother Tibors".
Poetry
Of Tibors' work only a single stanza of a cansoCanso (song)
The canso is a song style used by the troubadours. It consists of three parts. The first stanza is the exordium, where the composer explains his purpose. The main body of the song occurs in the following stanzas, and usually draw out a variety of relationships with the exordium. The canso can end...
with its attached vida and razo
Razo
Raso is an islet of 8 square kilometers in the Barlavento archipelago of Cape Verde. Raso is flanked by the smaller Branco islet on the west and by São Nicolau island on its eastern side. Raso is uninhabited and is now the only home of the Raso Lark. The Brown Booby and Red-billed Tropicbird visit...
has survived. Nonetheless she is mentioned in an anonymous ballad
Ballad
A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of British and Irish popular poetry and song from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many...
dated to between 1220 and 1245, where she acts as the judge of a game of poetry. Her only work goes like this:
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External links
- Tiburge d'Orange at the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy.