Thessaly Railways
Encyclopedia
Thessaly Railways was a railway company in Greece, which owned and operated the metre gauge
railway network of Thessaly
and Pelion railway
from 1884 to 1955, when the company was absorbed by the Hellenic State Railways
. Today the term usually refers to the section of mainline between Domokos and Rapsani and its two branches, the West Thessaly branch to Kalambaka and the Volos branch.
Construction started in 1882 under the general management of chief engineer Evaristo de Chirico. The section from Volos to Larissa, 61 km long, was inaugurated on 22 April 1884 by King George I. The 142 km section from Velestinon to Kalambaka was completed on 16 June 1886.
In addition, three Breda railcars of a different type were transferred to Volos from Messolongi-Agrinion line in 1976. Three Linke-Hofmann DMU-2 were transferred in 1978 from the Peloponnese network.
Four class 9401 Mitsumbishi diesel locomotives (numbers 9416 to 9419) were also used in Thessaly after 1973 and were used for shunting and as a replacement of steam locomotives for freight trains.
(OSE) absorbed Thessaly Railways in 1955.
In 1960 the line from Larissa to Volos was converted to standard gauge and was connected at Larissa with the mainline from Athens to Thessaloniki. For the section between Latomeio and Volos the standard gauge line follows a different route with an additional halt at Melissiatika. The standard gauge line is physically connected to the Athens-Thessaloniki mainline, allowing OSE to run through services to Volos from Athens and Thessaloniki. Volos station was converted to dual gauge, in order to accommodate trains of the two branches. Parts of the station and the track towards the city center were at this period of a unique triple-gauge system: standard gauge for Larissa trains, metre gauge for Kalambaka trains and 600 mm gauge for Pelion trains.
In 1970 the network was taken over by the new Hellenic Railways Organisation, successor of the Hellenic State Railways.
In 2001 the section between Palaiofarsalos and Kalampaka was converted to standard gauge and physically connected at Palaiofarsalos with the mainline from Athens to Thessaloniki. Volos station was converted to exclusively standard gauge. The section to the city centre was abandoned and covered with asphalt. The remaining metre gauge section (Volos-Velestino-Palaiofarsalos) was closed in 1999.
Freight traffic declined sharply when the state-imposed monopoly of OSE for the transport of agricultural products and fertilizers ended in the early 1990s. Many small stations of the network with little passenger traffic were closed down, especially on the mainline section and between Karditsa and Kalampaka. However, travel times improved and the unification of rail gauge allowed direct services, even InterCity
services, to link Volos and Kalambaka with Athens and Thessaloniki.
Recently (August 2009) TrainOSE S.A. proceeded to a drastic cutback of passenger services on Thessaly lines. There are only six local trains on each direction on Larissa-Volos line and just four on Palaiofarsalos-Kalambaka. In addition, there is one train from Athens to Kalambana and back (884/885) and one InterCity
train from Athens to Volos and back (IC40/IC41).
The mainline of Thessaly was electrified and some services are now using HellasSprinter
electric locomotives and Desiro
EMUs. There are proposals to electrify the branch lines as well, in order to allow through services from Volos and Kalampaka to Thessaloniki.
Linke-Hofmann DMU, usually between Velestino and Aerino.
EMOS preserves a variety of rolling stock owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation under long term loan. Most significant is a vintage Linke-Hofmann DMU-2 (1937), formerly of Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways
. They also have a Nippon Sharyo diesel locomotive, formerly of the Aliveri Coalmines of the Public Power Corporation
and there are plans to restore a Jung steam locomotive in storage at Volos.
In addition, the old single line passing through Tempi Valley, which was cut off from the mainline when new tunnels were constructed, is used as a tourist attraction with light railway vehicles.
Metre gauge
Metre gauge refers to narrow gauge railways and tramways with a track gauge of . In some African, American and Asian countries it is the main gauge. In Europe it has been used for local railways in France, Germany, and Belgium, most of which were closed down in mid 20th century. Only in Switzerland...
railway network of Thessaly
Thessaly
Thessaly is a traditional geographical region and an administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, and appears thus in Homer's Odyssey....
and Pelion railway
Pelion railway
Pelion railway was a narrow gauge railway line of Thessaly Railways in Greece, connecting the city of Volos with the town of Mileai on Pelion.-History:...
from 1884 to 1955, when the company was absorbed by the Hellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways or SEK was a Greek public sector entity which was established in 1920 and operated most Greek railway lines until 1970.-History:...
. Today the term usually refers to the section of mainline between Domokos and Rapsani and its two branches, the West Thessaly branch to Kalambaka and the Volos branch.
Network and stations
The network of Thessaly Railways consisted of the following lines:- Volos - Velestinon. The line extended from Volos station to the city center along Dimitriados Street.
- Velestinon-Kalampaka, connecting with the Athens-Larissa-Thessaloniki standard gauge mainline at Palaiofarsalos. This section had a maximum gradient of 3% between Velestinon and Aerinon.
- Velestinon - Larissa, terminating to the Thessaly Railways station, next to the mainline (standard gauge) station.
- Volos - Mileai (Pelion railwayPelion railwayPelion railway was a narrow gauge railway line of Thessaly Railways in Greece, connecting the city of Volos with the town of Mileai on Pelion.-History:...
)
Construction started in 1882 under the general management of chief engineer Evaristo de Chirico. The section from Volos to Larissa, 61 km long, was inaugurated on 22 April 1884 by King George I. The 142 km section from Velestinon to Kalambaka was completed on 16 June 1886.
Steam locomotives
Thessaly railways used 46 metre gauge steam locomotives of various types: All of them were tank locomotives, without tenders.| Numbers | Type | QTY | Manufacturer | Model | Power (HP) | Year | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 to 12 | 0-6-2T | 12 | Tubize | 1883-1887 | |||
| 20-24 | 2-6-0T | 5 | Tubize | 320 | 1908 | ||
| 25-27 | 2-6-0T | 3 | Maffei | 320 | 1912 | ||
| 28-29 | 2-6-0T | 2 | Tubize | 320 | 1920 | ||
| 31-34 | 0-8-2T | 4 | St Leonard | 1884-1887 | |||
| 30-34 | 2-6-2T | 5 | Krupp | 350 | 1935 | ||
| 40-45 | 2-6-2T | 6 | Jung | 380 | 1951 | ||
| 54 | 0-8-0T | 1 | SLM Winterthur | 370 | 1911 | ||
| 71 | 0-6-0T | 1 | 1911 | ||||
| 72 | 0-6-0T | 1 | Krupp | 100 | 1935 | ||
| 203-205 1055,1058 |
2-6-0T | 5 | SLM Winterthur | 250 | 1948-1949 | ||
| A1 | 0-4-0T | 1 | Krauss | 1940 | |||
Railcars - Diesel multiple units
| Numbers | Type | QTY | Manufacturer | Model | Power | Year | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1-A14 | Bo-2 | 14 | Breda | 145 kW | 1951 | ||
In addition, three Breda railcars of a different type were transferred to Volos from Messolongi-Agrinion line in 1976. Three Linke-Hofmann DMU-2 were transferred in 1978 from the Peloponnese network.
Four class 9401 Mitsumbishi diesel locomotives (numbers 9416 to 9419) were also used in Thessaly after 1973 and were used for shunting and as a replacement of steam locomotives for freight trains.
The Thessaly network after 1955
The Hellenic State RailwaysHellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways or SEK was a Greek public sector entity which was established in 1920 and operated most Greek railway lines until 1970.-History:...
(OSE) absorbed Thessaly Railways in 1955.
In 1960 the line from Larissa to Volos was converted to standard gauge and was connected at Larissa with the mainline from Athens to Thessaloniki. For the section between Latomeio and Volos the standard gauge line follows a different route with an additional halt at Melissiatika. The standard gauge line is physically connected to the Athens-Thessaloniki mainline, allowing OSE to run through services to Volos from Athens and Thessaloniki. Volos station was converted to dual gauge, in order to accommodate trains of the two branches. Parts of the station and the track towards the city center were at this period of a unique triple-gauge system: standard gauge for Larissa trains, metre gauge for Kalambaka trains and 600 mm gauge for Pelion trains.
In 1970 the network was taken over by the new Hellenic Railways Organisation, successor of the Hellenic State Railways.
In 2001 the section between Palaiofarsalos and Kalampaka was converted to standard gauge and physically connected at Palaiofarsalos with the mainline from Athens to Thessaloniki. Volos station was converted to exclusively standard gauge. The section to the city centre was abandoned and covered with asphalt. The remaining metre gauge section (Volos-Velestino-Palaiofarsalos) was closed in 1999.
Freight traffic declined sharply when the state-imposed monopoly of OSE for the transport of agricultural products and fertilizers ended in the early 1990s. Many small stations of the network with little passenger traffic were closed down, especially on the mainline section and between Karditsa and Kalampaka. However, travel times improved and the unification of rail gauge allowed direct services, even InterCity
InterCity
InterCity is the classification applied to certain long-distance passenger train services in Europe...
services, to link Volos and Kalambaka with Athens and Thessaloniki.
Recently (August 2009) TrainOSE S.A. proceeded to a drastic cutback of passenger services on Thessaly lines. There are only six local trains on each direction on Larissa-Volos line and just four on Palaiofarsalos-Kalambaka. In addition, there is one train from Athens to Kalambana and back (884/885) and one InterCity
InterCity
InterCity is the classification applied to certain long-distance passenger train services in Europe...
train from Athens to Volos and back (IC40/IC41).
The mainline of Thessaly was electrified and some services are now using HellasSprinter
EuroSprinter
The EuroSprinter family of electric locomotives is a modular concept of locomotives for the European market built by Siemens. The internal Siemens product name is ES 64, with ES for EuroSprinter and the number 64 indicating the 6,400 kW power at rail.Additional information is given in the name...
electric locomotives and Desiro
Desiro
The Siemens Desiro is a family of diesel or electric multiple unit passenger trains. The main variants are the Desiro Classic, Desiro ML, Desiro UK and the future Desiro City and Desiro RUS. The trains are mostly used for commuter and regional services, and their rapid acceleration makes them...
EMUs. There are proposals to electrify the branch lines as well, in order to allow through services from Volos and Kalampaka to Thessaloniki.
Preservation
When the Hellenic Railways Organisation converted the section Palaiofarsalos-Kalambaka to standard gauge as a branch of the mainline, the metre gauge section from Velestino to Palaiofarsalos was cut off. This section is maintained by the Museum Railways Company or EMOS ( or ΕΜΟΣ). EMOS operates on this section a former SPAPPiraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways
Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways or SPAP was a Greek railway company founded in 1882, which owned and operated the line connecting Piraeus and Athens to Peloponnese. The company was nationalized in 1954 and absorbed by the Hellenic State Railways in 1962.-History:The first line section...
Linke-Hofmann DMU, usually between Velestino and Aerino.
EMOS preserves a variety of rolling stock owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation under long term loan. Most significant is a vintage Linke-Hofmann DMU-2 (1937), formerly of Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways
Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways
Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways or SPAP was a Greek railway company founded in 1882, which owned and operated the line connecting Piraeus and Athens to Peloponnese. The company was nationalized in 1954 and absorbed by the Hellenic State Railways in 1962.-History:The first line section...
. They also have a Nippon Sharyo diesel locomotive, formerly of the Aliveri Coalmines of the Public Power Corporation
Public Power Corporation
The Public Power Corporation S.A. is the biggest electric power company in Greece. It is controlled to an extent by the government, and it produces and supplies electricity to all the country.-History:PPC was founded by the Greek government in 1950...
and there are plans to restore a Jung steam locomotive in storage at Volos.
In addition, the old single line passing through Tempi Valley, which was cut off from the mainline when new tunnels were constructed, is used as a tourist attraction with light railway vehicles.
Further reading
- Thessaly Museum Railway: Web site of EMOS.