The Crusaders
Encyclopedia
The Crusaders are an American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 music group popular in the early 1970s known for their amalgamated jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...

, pop
Pop music
Pop music is usually understood to be commercially recorded music, often oriented toward a youth market, usually consisting of relatively short, simple songs utilizing technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes.- Definitions :David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop...

 and soul
Soul music
Soul music is a music genre originating in the United States combining elements of gospel music and rhythm and blues. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of...

 sound. Since 1961, more than forty albums have been credited to the group (some live and compilations), 19 of which were recorded under the name "The Jazz Crusaders" (1961–1970).

History

In 1960, following the demise of a few short-lived Houston
Houston, Texas
Houston is the fourth-largest city in the United States, and the largest city in the state of Texas. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of . Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of , which is the ...

-based groups called The Swingsters and the Nite Hawks, pianist
Piano
The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...

 Joe Sample
Joe Sample
Joseph Leslie "Joe" Sample is an American pianist, keyboard player and composer.He is one of the founding members of the Jazz Crusaders, the band which became simply The Crusaders in 1971, and remained a part of the group until its final album in 1991 .- Biography :Sample began playing the piano...

, drummer
Drum kit
A drum kit is a collection of drums, cymbals and often other percussion instruments, such as cowbells, wood blocks, triangles, chimes, or tambourines, arranged for convenient playing by a single person ....

 Stix Hooper
Stix Hooper
Nesbert "Stix" Hooper is an American soul jazz/hard bop jazz drummer born in Houston, Texas, probably best known for founding his group The Swingsters, which later became known as The Jazz Crusaders.-References:...

, saxophonist
Saxophone
The saxophone is a conical-bore transposing musical instrument that is a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. The saxophone was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1846...

 Wilton Felder
Wilton Felder
Wilton Lewis Felder is both a saxophone and bass player, and is best known as a founding member of The Crusaders, initially called the Jazz Crusaders. Felder, Wayne Henderson, Joe Sample, and Stix Hooper founded the group while in high school in Houston...

 and trombonist
Trombone
The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player’s vibrating lips cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate...

 Wayne Henderson
Wayne Henderson (musician)
Wayne Henderson is a soul-jazz and hard bop trombonist and record producer. In 1961, he co-founded the soul jazz/hard bop group The Jazz Crusaders...

 relocated to Los Angeles, CA
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...

. After changing their name to "The Jazz Crusaders," the group signed with Pacific Jazz Records
Pacific Jazz Records
Pacific Jazz Records was a Los Angeles-based record label best known for releasing cool jazz or West coast jazz. It was founded by Richard Bock and drummer Roy Harte in 1952....

, where they would remain throughout the 1960s. Employing a two-manned front-line horn section (trombone
Trombone
The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player’s vibrating lips cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate...

 and tenor saxophone
Tenor saxophone
The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor, with the alto, are the two most common types of saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B, and written as a transposing instrument in the treble...

), the group's sound was rooted in hard bop
Hard bop
Hard bop is a style of jazz that is an extension of bebop music. Journalists and record companies began using the term in the mid-1950s to describe a new current within jazz which incorporated influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano...

, with an emphasis on R&B
Rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a...

 and soul.

The group shortened their name to "The Crusaders" in 1971, and adopted a jazz-funk
Jazz-funk
Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat , electrified sounds, and often, the presence of the first electronic analog synthesizers...

 style. They also incorporated the electric bass
Bass guitar
The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb , or by using a pick....

 and electric guitar
Electric guitar
An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction to convert vibrations of its metal strings into electric audio signals. The signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is amplified before sending it to a loudspeaker...

 into their music. Bass guitarist Robert "Pops" Popwell and guitarist Larry Carlton
Larry Carlton
Larry Carlton is an American jazz, smooth jazz, jazz fusion, pop, and rock guitarist and singer. He has divided his recording time between solo recordings and session appearances with various well-known bands...

 joined the band, and featured on the group's albums throughout most of the 1970s. With this new style came increased crossover appeal, and the group's recordings started to appear on the Billboard pop charts. The height of the group's commercial success came with 1979's Street Life, which peaked at #18 on the pop album charts and the title track from the album made the Top 10 on the R&B chart and #36 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart.

In 1975, following the release of their 28th album (their ninth as "The Crusaders"), Henderson left the group to pursue a full-time career as a producer
Record producer
A record producer is an individual working within the music industry, whose job is to oversee and manage the recording of an artist's music...

. His departure created a void, permanently changing the character of the group. Another founding member, Hooper, left the group in 1983, thus signaling the end to the group's most popular period. Three more albums were recorded in the mid-1980s; however by the 1990s, "The Crusaders", for the most part, had disbanded, with a comprehensive discography behind them.

In 1991, The Crusaders (with Sample and Felder the only original members present) released Healing the Wounds. The album peaked at #1 on the Top Contemporary Jazz chart and #174 on the Billboard 200
Billboard 200
The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists...

. The group did not release any more albums during the decade, as Sample focused on a solo career.

Henderson, who had left the group in 1975, revived the "Jazz Crusaders" moniker (despite Sample's objections) for 1995's Happy Again. The lineup for Happy Again included founding member Wilton Felder and former Crusaders guitarist Larry Carlton. The new Jazz Crusaders released a series of recordings in the late 1990s, but the music bore little resemblance to the acoustic, hard bop style of the original group.

In 2003, founding members Sample, Felder and Hooper revived The Crusaders and released Rural Renewal. Ray Parker Jr.
Ray Parker Jr.
Ray Erskine Parker, Jr. , is an American guitarist, songwriter, producer and recording artist. Parker is known for writing and performing the theme song to the motion picture Ghostbusters, for his solo hits, and performing with his band Raydio as well as the late Barry White.-Early life and...

 and Eric Clapton
Eric Clapton
Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE, is an English guitarist and singer-songwriter. Clapton is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist, and separately as a member of The Yardbirds and Cream. Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and...

 played guitar on the album. That same year, the Henderson-led Jazz Crusaders released Soul Axess.

In April 2010, Joe Sample announced a reunion tour with Wayne Henderson and Wilton Felder (but not Stix Hooper) - the first reunion of these founding members of the Jazz Crusaders since 1974. Concert dates in Oakland and Long Island have been promoted online, with a full 2010 tour schedule expected to be released shortly.

Albums as The Jazz Crusaders

Year Title Type Label Label-Nr
1961 Freedom Sound Studio
Recording studio
A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are specially designed by an acoustician to achieve optimum acoustic properties...

Pacific Jazz
Pacific Jazz Records
Pacific Jazz Records was a Los Angeles-based record label best known for releasing cool jazz or West coast jazz. It was founded by Richard Bock and drummer Roy Harte in 1952....

ST-27
1962 Lookin' Ahead Studio Pacific Jazz ST-43
1962 The Jazz Crusaders at the Lighthouse Live
Concert
A concert is a live performance before an audience. The performance may be by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, a choir, or a musical band...

Pacific Jazz ST-57
1963 Tough Talk Studio Pacific Jazz ST-68
1963 Heat Wave Studio Pacific Jazz ST-76
1963 Jazz Waltz (w. Les McCann) Studio Pacific Jazz ST-81
1964 Stretchin' Out Studio Pacific Jazz ST-83
1965 The Thing Studio Pacific Jazz ST-87
1965 Chile Con Soul Studio Pacific Jazz ST-20092
1966 Live at the Lighthouse '66 Live Pacific Jazz ST-20098
1966 Talk That Talk Studio Pacific Jazz ST-20106
1966 The Festival Album Live Pacific Jazz ST-20115
1967 Uh Huh Studio Pacific Jazz ST-20124
1968 Lighthouse '68 Live Pacific Jazz ST-20131
1968 Powerhouse
Powerhouse (The Jazz Crusaders album)
Powerhouse is a 1969 album by The Jazz Crusaders. It was their fourteenth album produced by Richard Bock for World Pacific Jazz Records. It was the first album in which Joe Sample played on the Fender Rhodes and according Thom Jurek in his All Music review, would mark a turning point for the band.-...

Studio Pacific Jazz ST-20136
1969 Lighthouse '69 Live Pacific Jazz ST-20165
1970 Give Peace a Chance Studio Liberty
Liberty Records
Liberty Records was a United States-based record label. It was started by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Al Bennett as president and Theodore Keep as chief engineer. It was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals.-1950s:...

LST-11005
1970 Old Socks, New Shoes Studio Chisa CS-804

Compilations as The Jazz Crusaders

Year Title Label Label-Nr
1969 The Best of the Jazz Crusaders World Pacific ST-20175
1973 Tough Talk Blue Note BN-LA170-G2
1975 The Young Rabbits Blue Note BN-LA530-H2
1980 Live Sides Blue Note LT-1046
1993 The Best Of Pacific Jazz CDP 077778928324
2005 The Pacific Jazz Quintet Studio Sessions Mosaic MD6-230

Albums as The Jazz Crusaders (Wayne Henderson & Wilton Felder)

Year Title Type Label Label-Nr
1995 Happy Again Studio Sin-Drome 9950322
1996 Louisiana Hot Sauce Studio Sin-Drome SD-8924
1998 Breakin' Da Rulz! Studio Indigo Blue 4634170792
2000 Power of Our Music - The Endangered Species
Cookin' Live, Wild In South Africa
Live Indigo Blue 1144790972
2003 Soul Axess Studio True Life Jazz
2006 Alive in South Africa Live (Reissue) True Life Jazz

Albums as The Crusaders

Year Title Type Label Label-Nr
1971 Pass the Plate Studio
Recording studio
A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are specially designed by an acoustician to achieve optimum acoustic properties...

Chisa CS-813
1972 Hollywood Studio MoWest MW-118L
1972 1 Studio Blue Thumb
Blue Thumb Records
Blue Thumb Records was an American record label founded in 1968 by Bob Krasnow, along with former A&M Records executives Tommy LiPuma and Don Graham. Krasnow had been in the record business for a number of years, working as a promotion man for King Records and also working for Buddah/Kama Sutra...

BTS-6001
1973 The 2nd Crusade Studio Blue Thumb BTS-7000
1973 Unsung Heroes Studio Blue Thumb BTS-6007
1974 Scratch Live Blue Thumb BTS-6010
1974 Southern Comfort
Southern Comfort (The Crusaders album)
-Reception:The Allmusic review by Jason EliasThe follow-up to 1973's Unsung Heroes was the first of the group's Blue Thumb efforts to be distributed by ABC Records. The label switch also coincided with the inclusion of lyrical guitarist Larry Carlton as a full-fledged member...

Studio Blue Thumb BTSY-9002
1975 Chain Reaction
Chain Reaction (The Crusaders album)
-Reception:The Allmusic review by Jim NewsomOne of the tastiest concoctions of the mid-'70s jazz-fusion era, Chain Reaction finds the Crusaders at the top of their form. The compositions are both accessible and memorable, and the playing is uniformly excellent. Guitarist Larry Carlton delivers some...

Studio Blue Thumb BTSD-6022
1976 Those Southern Knights
Those Southern Knights
- Track listing :#"Spiral" - – 6:10#"Keep That Same Old Feeling" – 5:34#"My Mama Told Me So" – 4:47#"Til' the Sun Shines" – 2:44#"And Then There Was the Blues" – 9:36...

Studio Blue Thumb BTSD-6024
1977 Free as the Wind Studio Blue Thumb
1978 Images Studio Blue Thumb BA-6030
1979 Street Life Studio MCA
1980 Rhapsody and Blues Studio MCA MCAD-1662
1981 Ongaku Kai - Live in Japan Live Crusaders CRP-16002
1981 Standing Tall
Standing Tall
Standing Tall is the 14th album by the jazz group The Crusaders after they changed their name from The Jazz Crusaders, and their 3rd studio album with MCA Records...

Studio MCA 5254
1982 Royal Jam
Royal Jam
Royal Jam is a live recording by the jazz-funk band The Crusaders with B. B. King and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. It was recorded at London's Royal Festival Hall in September 1981.- Track listing :...

Live MCA 2-9017
1984 Ghetto Blaster Studio MCA
1986 The Good and the Bad Times Studio MCA 5781
1988 Life in the Modern World Studio MCA 42168
1991 Healing the Wounds Studio GRP
GRP Records
GRP Records is an American jazz record company, owned by Universal Music Group and operates through its Verve Music Group. The company's name has had different meanings. In its early days, it stood for "Grusin/Rosen Productions," after the founders...

GRD-9638
2003 Rural Renewal Studio PRA/Verve
2004 Live in Japan 2003 (only released in Japan) Live PRA VACM-1252

Compilations as The Crusaders

Year Title Label Label-Nr
1973 At Their Best Motown M-796V1
1976 The Best of the Crusaders ABC Blue Thumb BTSY-6027
1987 The Vocal Album MCA 42057
1988 Sample a Decade Connoisseur VSOP-LP131 (UK)
1990 16 Original World Hits MCA 2292-56787-2 LZ (Germany)
1992 The Golden Years GRP GRD-3-5007
1994 Best of Best MCA MVCZ-15020 (Japan)
1994 And Beyond... Music Collection MCCD-163 (UK)
1994 Best Pickwick PWKS-4231 (UK)
1995 The Ultimate Compilation Nectar NTRCD035 (UK)
1995 The Greatest Crusade Calibre CLBCD-5501 (UK)
1995 The Ultimate Castle CCS-CD-420 (UK)
1995 Soul Shadows Connoisseur VSOP-CD-212 (UK)
1996 The Best of the Crusaders MCA MCBD-19528 (UK)
1996 Way Back Home Blue Thumb BTD-4-700
1998 Priceless Jazz Collection GRP GRD-9892
2000 The Crusaders' Finest Hour Verve
Verve Records
Verve Records is an American jazz record label now owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded by Norman Granz in 1956, absorbing the catalogues of his earlier labels, Clef Records and Norgran Records , and material which had been licensed to Mercury previously.-Jazz and folk origins:The Verve...

543762-2 (Germany)
2003 Groove Crusade Blue Thumb 0731458994428 (UK)
2007 Gold Hip-O / Verve B0008268-02

Singles as The Nite Hawks

Year Title From album Label Label-Nr
1959 Chicken Grabber / Big Top (only on 45) Del-Fi 4122

Singles as The Night Hawks

Year Title From album Label Label-Nr
1961 Bunny Ride / Sweetie Lester (only on 45) Pacific Jazz X-352

Singles as The Jazz Crusaders

Year Title From album Label Label-Nr
1962 Tonight / Sinnin' Sam Lookin' Ahead Pacific Jazz X-340
1962 The Young Rabbits / Song of India Lookin' Ahead Pacific Jazz X-342
1962 Congolese Sermon / Weather Beat (only on 45) Pacific Jazz X-357
1963 No Name Samba / Tough Talk Tough Talk World Pacific X-371
1963 Turkish Black / Boopie Tough Talk World Pacific X-388
1963 Spanish Castles / Bluesette Jazz Waltz (w. Les McCann) World Pacific 406
1964 Heat Wave / On Broadway Heat Wave World Pacific 401
1964 I Remember Tomorrow / Long John Stretchin' Out World Pacific 412
1965 Tough Talk / The Thing The Thing World Pacific 77800
1965 Aqua Dulce / Soul Bourgeoisie Chile Con Soul World Pacific 77806
1966 Scratch / Uptight Talk That Talk Pacific Jazz 88125
1968 Ooga-Boo-Ga-Loo / Eleanor Rigby Lighthouse '68 Pacific Jazz 88144
1968 Hey Jude / Love and Peace Powerhouse Pacific Jazz 88146
1969 Get Back / Willie and Laura Mae Jones Lighthouse '69 Word Pacific Jazz 88153
1970 Way Back Home / Jackson Old Socks, New Shoes Chisa C-8010

Singles as The Crusaders

Year Title From album Label Label-Nr
1971 Pass the Plate / Greasy Spoon Pass the Plate Chisa C-8013
1972 Spanish Harlem / Papa Hooper's Barrelhouse Groove Hollywood MoWest MW-5025F
1972 Mosadi / Put It Where You Want It 1 Blue Thumb BTA-208
1972 So Far Away / That's How I Feel 1 Blue Thumb BTA-217
1973 Don't Let It Get You Down / Journey from Within Second Crusade Blue Thumb BTA-225
1973 That's How I Feel / Take It or Leave It 1 Blue Thumb BTA-232
1974 Lay It on the Line / Let's Boogie Unsung Heroes Blue Thumb BTA-245
1974 Scratch / Way Back Home Scratch Blue Thumb BTA-249
1974 Stomp and Buck Dance / A Ballad for Joe (Louis) Southern Comfort ABC Blue Thumb BTA-261
1975 Creole / Chain Reaction ABC Blue Thumb BTA-267
1976 Keep That Same Old Feeling / Til' the Sun Shines Those Southern Knights ABC Blue Thumb BTA-269
1976 And Then There Was the Blues / Feeling Funky Those Southern Knights ABC Blue Thumb BTA-270
1977 Feel It / The Way We Was Free As The Wind ABC Blue Thumb BT-272
1977 Free as the Wind / Free as the Wind ABC Blue Thumb BTA-273
1978 Covert Action / Bajou Bottoms Images ABC Blue Thumb BT-278
1979 Street Life / The Hustler Street Life MCA 41052
1980 Soul Shadows / Sweet Gentle Love Rhapsody & Blues MCA 41295
1981 I'm So Glad I'm Standing Here Today / Standing Tall Standing Tall MCA 51177
1981 This Old World's Too Funky for Me / Standing Tall Standing Tall MCA 51222
1984 New Moves / Dead End Ghetto Blaster MCA 52365
1986 The Way It Goes / Good Times The Good and Bad Times MCA 52966
1988 A.C. (Alternating Currents) / Mullholland Nights Life in the Modern World MCA 53330
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