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The Alternative Factor (TOS episode)
Encyclopedia
"The Alternative Factor" is a first season episode of Star Trek: The Original Series
. It is episode #27, production #20, and was broadcast on March 30, 1967. The episode was written by Don Ingalls, and directed by Gerd Oswald
.
Overview: The crew of the Enterprise
encounters a "reality jumping" madman. This is the first Star Trek episode to deal with parallel universe
s.
3087.6, the starship
USS Enterprise, under the command of Captain James T. Kirk
, completes a mapping assignment of an uninhabited planet
near Starbase 200. As the crew prepares to depart, the Enterprise is rocked by an unknown energy pulse. Mr. Spock informs Kirk that the gravity pull
of the planet fluctuated to zero and describes that the surrounding space seemed to momentarily "wink" out of existence.
Sensors then locate a human presence down on the planet that wasn't there before. Spock and Kirk, along with a four-man security detail, beam down to the planet to investigate and find a small, one-man spacecraft. A disheveled, bearded man appears, the apparent victim of some violent struggle. He babbles on about having to stop someone before it's too late. He then staggers around as if sickened and accidentally slips off a cliff. The man survives the fall, but is injured, and Kirk has him beamed to the Enterprise for examination.
Back on the ship, the engine room operator, Lt. Masters, informs Captain Kirk, that whatever the disturbance was, it drained the dilithium
crystals in the warp core
, and the Enterprise has about 10 hours of main power left before the ship drops out of orbit. A message is received from Starfleet
which reports every quadrant of the Milky Way
, and even beyond, has been subjected to the same winking effect and following electronic disruption as the Enterprise. Starfleet fears the disruption of all their equipment may be a prelude to an invasion of some kind and has ordered all ships within 100 parsec
s—except the Enterprise—to leave the area. Kirk is ordered to find the cause of the disturbance, alone.
Dr. McCoy notifies Kirk that the fallen man is now awake and Kirk goes to question him. Kirk learns that the man, who calls himself Lazarus, is on a fanatical crusade, chasing down the "monster" who destroyed his entire civilization. He describes his nemesis as a murdering beast, the anti-life, existing only to destroy. Periodically, Lazarus fades in and out of existence, encountering his adversary in a kind of dimensional corridor. Each time he does so, another energy wink occurs that ripples through the universe. It is obvious that Lazarus and the shock waves are related.
Dr. McCoy claims to notice that a wound on Lazarus's head had disappeared the last time he checked him out. Confronting him later, Kirk and McCoy find the wound has reappeared. Kirk however, thinks McCoy is imagining things.
Kirk takes Lazarus to the bridge when Spock reports an amazing discovery down on the planet: a "rip" in space and time has formed near where Lazarus was found. The rip appears as a bright twinkling of light on the planet's surface. Lazarus insists that his enemy is trying to destroy the universe and he is causing the phenomenon. He tries to enlist Kirk's help and demands that Kirk give him some dilithium crystals so that he may fix his ship and continue to fight his enemy. Kirk refuses, but Lazarus is undeterred and plots to steal some dilithium from the ship's engines.
When he does, Kirk takes Lazarus to the briefing room for interrogation. Lazarus denies doing it, saying his enemy must have stolen it. Tired of Lazarus's double-talk and lies, he has security escort him back to sickbay.
Kirk beams back to the planet with Lazarus and a security team to search out this "hidden" enemy. Once again, Lazarus has another dimensional episode during which he slips and falls again. Lazarus is returned to sickbay where Kirk follows to demand the truth.
Reluctantly, Lazarus explains he is a time travel
er, and the planet below was once his homeworld. His "spacecraft" is in fact a dimensional time ship. He claims his enemy counterpart destroyed his civilization in the past and he's chased him for centuries. He demands Kirk's help, but Kirk still refuses to get involved.
Spock concludes that Lazarus's enemy is himself, an "anti-Lazarus", possibly from a parallel "antimatter
" dimension and there may in fact be two of them running around. If Lazarus and his anti-self manage to contact each other within either physical universe, they would destroy each other, and annihilate both universes. Spock also explains an "anti-matter universe" is only theoretical and no one has ever found proof of it. Now, however, they seem to have such proof.
Lazarus however, is prepared to continue his mission. Slipping from sickbay, he creates a diversion in engineering to acquire the dilithium. With stolen crystals in hand, he beams down to the planet to repair his ship. Kirk follows, but Lazarus activates his time machine just as Kirk tries to stop him. Stepping into the portal, Kirk is accidentally teleported to the other anti-dimension where he encounters the anti-Lazarus.
This Lazarus however, seems sane, not the murdering monster the other Lazarus described. The anti-Lazarus explains what is going on. He admits to stealing the dilithium the first time, because he needed it to open the dimensional link. He informs Kirk that his people believed that two universes existed, and they tried to prove it, but failed causing their own destruction. Lazarus however, found a way, but he confirms Mr. Spock's hypothesis, that breaking the barriers between the matter and anti-matter universes may trigger doomsday.
He indicates that only one version of Lazarus can exist in a universe at a time and that the other one went mad with rage at the thought of having a double, so much so that he doesn't care if he destroyed himself and the entire universe in the process as long as he could destroy the other. If not stopped, their constant encounters will destroy both universes. The anti-Lazarus tells Kirk the "dimensional corridor" — Lazarus's ship — connecting them must be severed. Kirk must send the mad Lazarus back into the corridor and close off the portal for good.
Kirk returns to his universe and confronts the insane Lazarus, overpowering him and pushing him into his dimensional portal, whereupon he vanishes. Kirk heads back to the Enterprise, quickly ordering the phasers
to target the dimension ship. The two Lazaruses meet once more and begin to fight just as phaser beams vaporize the ship. The two Lazaruses are now trapped between universes, apparently doomed to fight each other for eternity. Contemplating this existence leads Kirk to mutter, "But what of Lazarus? What of Lazarus?"
was originally cast as Lazarus, but on the morning filming began he was nowhere to be found. The part had to be recast in a hurry with Robert Brown
. The producers filed a grievance
with the Screen Actors Guild
which suspended Barrymore's membership for six months as a result, preventing him from working as an actor during that time.
Star Trek: The Original Series
Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, produced by Desilu Productions . Star Trek was telecast on NBC from September 8, 1966, through June 3, 1969...
. It is episode #27, production #20, and was broadcast on March 30, 1967. The episode was written by Don Ingalls, and directed by Gerd Oswald
Gerd Oswald
Gerd Oswald was a director of American films and television. The son of German film director Richard Oswald, he was born in Berlin and died in Los Angeles, California....
.
Overview: The crew of the Enterprise
Starship Enterprise
The Enterprise or USS Enterprise is the name of several fictional starships, some of which are the focal point for various television series and films in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. It is considered a name of legacy in the fleet...
encounters a "reality jumping" madman. This is the first Star Trek episode to deal with parallel universe
Parallel universe (fiction)
A parallel universe or alternative reality is a hypothetical self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own. A specific group of parallel universes is called a "multiverse", although this term can also be used to describe the possible parallel universes that constitute reality...
s.
Plot
On stardateStardate
A stardate is a date in the fictional system of time measurement developed for Star Trek, commonly heard at the beginning of a voiceover log entry such as "Captain's log, stardate 41153.7...
3087.6, the starship
Starship
A starship or interstellar spacecraft is a theoretical spacecraft designed for traveling between the stars, as opposed to a vehicle designed for orbital spaceflight or interplanetary travel....
USS Enterprise, under the command of Captain James T. Kirk
James T. Kirk
James Tiberius "Jim" Kirk is a character in the Star Trek media franchise. Kirk was first played by William Shatner as the principal lead character in the original Star Trek series. Shatner voiced Kirk in the animated Star Trek series and appeared in the first seven Star Trek movies...
, completes a mapping assignment of an uninhabited planet
Planet
A planet is a celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science,...
near Starbase 200. As the crew prepares to depart, the Enterprise is rocked by an unknown energy pulse. Mr. Spock informs Kirk that the gravity pull
Gravitation
Gravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass. Gravitation is most familiar as the agent that gives weight to objects with mass and causes them to fall to the ground when dropped...
of the planet fluctuated to zero and describes that the surrounding space seemed to momentarily "wink" out of existence.
Sensors then locate a human presence down on the planet that wasn't there before. Spock and Kirk, along with a four-man security detail, beam down to the planet to investigate and find a small, one-man spacecraft. A disheveled, bearded man appears, the apparent victim of some violent struggle. He babbles on about having to stop someone before it's too late. He then staggers around as if sickened and accidentally slips off a cliff. The man survives the fall, but is injured, and Kirk has him beamed to the Enterprise for examination.
Back on the ship, the engine room operator, Lt. Masters, informs Captain Kirk, that whatever the disturbance was, it drained the dilithium
Dilithium (Star Trek)
In the Star Trek universe, dilithium is a fictional chemical element, although dilithium is also the scientific name for a molecule composed of two lithium atoms....
crystals in the warp core
Warp drive (Star Trek)
Warp drive is a faster-than-light propulsion system in the setting of many science fiction works, most notably Star Trek. A spacecraft equipped with a warp drive may travel at velocities greater than that of light by many orders of magnitude, while circumventing the relativistic problem of time...
, and the Enterprise has about 10 hours of main power left before the ship drops out of orbit. A message is received from Starfleet
Starfleet
In the fictional universe of Star Trek, Starfleet or the Federation Starfleet is the deep-space exploratory, peacekeeping and military service maintained by the United Federation of Planets . It is the principal means by which the Federation conducts its exploration, defense, diplomacy and research...
which reports every quadrant of the Milky Way
Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains the Solar System. This name derives from its appearance as a dim un-resolved "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky...
, and even beyond, has been subjected to the same winking effect and following electronic disruption as the Enterprise. Starfleet fears the disruption of all their equipment may be a prelude to an invasion of some kind and has ordered all ships within 100 parsec
Parsec
The parsec is a unit of length used in astronomy. It is about 3.26 light-years, or just under 31 trillion kilometres ....
s—except the Enterprise—to leave the area. Kirk is ordered to find the cause of the disturbance, alone.
Dr. McCoy notifies Kirk that the fallen man is now awake and Kirk goes to question him. Kirk learns that the man, who calls himself Lazarus, is on a fanatical crusade, chasing down the "monster" who destroyed his entire civilization. He describes his nemesis as a murdering beast, the anti-life, existing only to destroy. Periodically, Lazarus fades in and out of existence, encountering his adversary in a kind of dimensional corridor. Each time he does so, another energy wink occurs that ripples through the universe. It is obvious that Lazarus and the shock waves are related.
Dr. McCoy claims to notice that a wound on Lazarus's head had disappeared the last time he checked him out. Confronting him later, Kirk and McCoy find the wound has reappeared. Kirk however, thinks McCoy is imagining things.
Kirk takes Lazarus to the bridge when Spock reports an amazing discovery down on the planet: a "rip" in space and time has formed near where Lazarus was found. The rip appears as a bright twinkling of light on the planet's surface. Lazarus insists that his enemy is trying to destroy the universe and he is causing the phenomenon. He tries to enlist Kirk's help and demands that Kirk give him some dilithium crystals so that he may fix his ship and continue to fight his enemy. Kirk refuses, but Lazarus is undeterred and plots to steal some dilithium from the ship's engines.
When he does, Kirk takes Lazarus to the briefing room for interrogation. Lazarus denies doing it, saying his enemy must have stolen it. Tired of Lazarus's double-talk and lies, he has security escort him back to sickbay.
Kirk beams back to the planet with Lazarus and a security team to search out this "hidden" enemy. Once again, Lazarus has another dimensional episode during which he slips and falls again. Lazarus is returned to sickbay where Kirk follows to demand the truth.
Reluctantly, Lazarus explains he is a time travel
Time travel
Time travel is the concept of moving between different points in time in a manner analogous to moving between different points in space. Time travel could hypothetically involve moving backward in time to a moment earlier than the starting point, or forward to the future of that point without the...
er, and the planet below was once his homeworld. His "spacecraft" is in fact a dimensional time ship. He claims his enemy counterpart destroyed his civilization in the past and he's chased him for centuries. He demands Kirk's help, but Kirk still refuses to get involved.
Spock concludes that Lazarus's enemy is himself, an "anti-Lazarus", possibly from a parallel "antimatter
Antimatter
In particle physics, antimatter is the extension of the concept of the antiparticle to matter, where antimatter is composed of antiparticles in the same way that normal matter is composed of particles...
" dimension and there may in fact be two of them running around. If Lazarus and his anti-self manage to contact each other within either physical universe, they would destroy each other, and annihilate both universes. Spock also explains an "anti-matter universe" is only theoretical and no one has ever found proof of it. Now, however, they seem to have such proof.
Lazarus however, is prepared to continue his mission. Slipping from sickbay, he creates a diversion in engineering to acquire the dilithium. With stolen crystals in hand, he beams down to the planet to repair his ship. Kirk follows, but Lazarus activates his time machine just as Kirk tries to stop him. Stepping into the portal, Kirk is accidentally teleported to the other anti-dimension where he encounters the anti-Lazarus.
This Lazarus however, seems sane, not the murdering monster the other Lazarus described. The anti-Lazarus explains what is going on. He admits to stealing the dilithium the first time, because he needed it to open the dimensional link. He informs Kirk that his people believed that two universes existed, and they tried to prove it, but failed causing their own destruction. Lazarus however, found a way, but he confirms Mr. Spock's hypothesis, that breaking the barriers between the matter and anti-matter universes may trigger doomsday.
He indicates that only one version of Lazarus can exist in a universe at a time and that the other one went mad with rage at the thought of having a double, so much so that he doesn't care if he destroyed himself and the entire universe in the process as long as he could destroy the other. If not stopped, their constant encounters will destroy both universes. The anti-Lazarus tells Kirk the "dimensional corridor" — Lazarus's ship — connecting them must be severed. Kirk must send the mad Lazarus back into the corridor and close off the portal for good.
Kirk returns to his universe and confronts the insane Lazarus, overpowering him and pushing him into his dimensional portal, whereupon he vanishes. Kirk heads back to the Enterprise, quickly ordering the phasers
Weapons of Star Trek
The Star Trek fictional universe contains a very large number of weapons. As with most science fiction franchises, the series focuses primarily on energy weapons...
to target the dimension ship. The two Lazaruses meet once more and begin to fight just as phaser beams vaporize the ship. The two Lazaruses are now trapped between universes, apparently doomed to fight each other for eternity. Contemplating this existence leads Kirk to mutter, "But what of Lazarus? What of Lazarus?"
40th Anniversary remastering
This episode was remastered in 2006 and aired December 1, 2007 as part of the remastered Original Series. It was preceded two weeks earlier by the remastered version of "The Deadly Years" and followed a week later by the remastered version of "The Return of the Archons". Aside from remastered video and audio, and the all-CGI animation of the USS Enterprise that is standard among the revisions, specific changes to this episode also include:- The uncharted planet has been given a more realistic appearance. It now appears with a barren reddish surface, and small lakes dot the northern hemisphere.
- The fight scenes involving Lazarus and anti-Lazarus were enhanced.
- A new angle was made of the Enterprise firing the phaser to blast Lazarus's time ship. The beam, as it hits the ship, has been cleaned up and given a strobing effect.
Production
John Drew BarrymoreJohn Drew Barrymore
John Drew Barrymore was a member of the Barrymore family of actors, which included his father, John Barrymore, and his father's siblings, Lionel and Ethel...
was originally cast as Lazarus, but on the morning filming began he was nowhere to be found. The part had to be recast in a hurry with Robert Brown
Robert Brown (US actor)
Robert Brown , is a television actor from the 1960s and 1970s.-Biography:Brown was born in Trenton, New Jersey...
. The producers filed a grievance
Grievance
A grievance is a wrong or hardship suffered, which is the grounds of a complaint.-History and politics:A grievance may arise from injustice or tyranny, and be cause for rebellion or revolution....
with the Screen Actors Guild
Screen Actors Guild
The Screen Actors Guild is an American labor union representing over 200,000 film and television principal performers and background performers worldwide...
which suspended Barrymore's membership for six months as a result, preventing him from working as an actor during that time.