Teúl de González Ortega
Encyclopedia
Teúl de González Ortega is a municipality in the south of the state of Zacatecas
, Mexico
peoples. The Caxcans, however, are believed to have displaced the Tecuexe
people sometime in the 12th century AD.
Cerro del Teúl, municipio de El Teúl
de González Ortega, Zacatecas
Es una de las zonas arqueológicas más grandes
y complejas dentro del patrón de asentamiento
del noroccidente de México, particularmente
en la región de Los Cañones
(Tlaltenango y Juchipila). Alberga en sus
partes altas las ruinas de lo que fue uno de los
centros ceremoniales caxcanes más importantes
de la región, a la que denominaban las
fuentes históricas castellanas del siglo XVI
“Teulinchan” o “Tonanipan”.
Este sitio fue uno de los asentamientos
prehispánicos más destacados de lo que hoy
es el noroeste del país a la llegada de Nuño de
Guzmán y sus huestes. Las investigaciones
realizadas durante los siglos XIX y XX muestran
la existencia de tradiciones funerarias
del preclásico (200-100 a.C.) representadas
en tumbas de tiro, así como ocupaciones manifiestas
desde el año 900 d.C.
La existencia de otros materiales del periodo
clásico (600 d.C. aproximadamente)
han confirmado la antigua suposición de que
el sitio sobre el Cerro del Teúl ha registrado
la mayor presencia humana prehispánica a lo
largo del tiempo y en su ocupación. Existen
evidencias que lo remontan en la tradición de
tumbas de tiro hacia el 300 a.C., y posteriormente
se detecta una etapa del periodo clásico-
epiclásico hasta su desaparición, como
se ilustra en un mapa del obispado de Nueva
Galicia que ubica a este sitio como parte de la
denominada gran caxcana
The region was conquered by Pedro Almíndez Chirino
and Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán
on June 24, 1536. The town's founding under the colonial Spanish government is attributed to Capitán Juan Delgado and fray Juan Pacheco. The latter is also credited with gifting the town's indigenous inhabitants an image of Saint John the Baptist, who later became the town's patron saint.
In March of 1574, Martín Henríquez, Governor and Captain General of New Spain
and New Galicia
and President of the Royal Audience in Mexico City
commanded the Order of Saint Francis to establish a convent and mission in the town.
The construction of the present parish temple was initiated by fray José Gutiérrez in 1772. In 1800, the parish was secularized. Upon independence in 1821, El Teúl was part of the municipality of Tlantenango
. In 1844 it was made a separate municipality within the canton of Tlaltenango and on December 24, 1849, the name of the municipality was changed to San Juan Bautista del Teúl.
The name was changed again on January 9, 1935 to Teúl de González Ortega in honor of Jesús González Ortega, who was raised in the town, was a military commander, served as a deputy in the state assembly, as governor
of the state of Zacatecas and president of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
.
Zacatecas
Zacatecas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas....
, Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
History
Prior to Spanish conquest and colonization of El Teúl, the town and its surrounding valleys were primarily inhabited by CaxcanCaxcan
The Caxcan were a partly nomadic indigenous people of Mexico. Under their leader, Francisco Tenamaztle, the Caxcan were allied with the Zacatecos against the Spaniards during the Mixtón Rebellion. During the rebellion, they were described as "the heart and the center of the Indian Rebellion". They...
peoples. The Caxcans, however, are believed to have displaced the Tecuexe
Tecuexe
The Tecuexe were an indigenous group found in the eastern part of present day Guadalajara, Mexico-History:It is believed that the Tecuexe derived from the dispersion of Zacateco groups from La Quemada. Like the Zacatecos, the Tecuexe were a tribe belonging to the generic "Chichimeca" peoples...
people sometime in the 12th century AD.
Cerro del Teúl, municipio de El Teúl
de González Ortega, Zacatecas
Es una de las zonas arqueológicas más grandes
y complejas dentro del patrón de asentamiento
del noroccidente de México, particularmente
en la región de Los Cañones
(Tlaltenango y Juchipila). Alberga en sus
partes altas las ruinas de lo que fue uno de los
centros ceremoniales caxcanes más importantes
de la región, a la que denominaban las
fuentes históricas castellanas del siglo XVI
“Teulinchan” o “Tonanipan”.
Este sitio fue uno de los asentamientos
prehispánicos más destacados de lo que hoy
es el noroeste del país a la llegada de Nuño de
Guzmán y sus huestes. Las investigaciones
realizadas durante los siglos XIX y XX muestran
la existencia de tradiciones funerarias
del preclásico (200-100 a.C.) representadas
en tumbas de tiro, así como ocupaciones manifiestas
desde el año 900 d.C.
La existencia de otros materiales del periodo
clásico (600 d.C. aproximadamente)
han confirmado la antigua suposición de que
el sitio sobre el Cerro del Teúl ha registrado
la mayor presencia humana prehispánica a lo
largo del tiempo y en su ocupación. Existen
evidencias que lo remontan en la tradición de
tumbas de tiro hacia el 300 a.C., y posteriormente
se detecta una etapa del periodo clásico-
epiclásico hasta su desaparición, como
se ilustra en un mapa del obispado de Nueva
Galicia que ubica a este sitio como parte de la
denominada gran caxcana
The region was conquered by Pedro Almíndez Chirino
Pedro Almíndez Chirino
Pedro Almíndez Chirino was a conquistador and member of several councils that governed New Spain while Hernán Cortés was traveling to Honduras, in 1525-26...
and Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán or sometimes Nuño de Guzmán was a Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain. He was Governor of the province of Pánuco from 1525–1533, and of Nueva Galicia from 1529–1534, President of the first Audiencia from 1528-30. He founded several cities in...
on June 24, 1536. The town's founding under the colonial Spanish government is attributed to Capitán Juan Delgado and fray Juan Pacheco. The latter is also credited with gifting the town's indigenous inhabitants an image of Saint John the Baptist, who later became the town's patron saint.
In March of 1574, Martín Henríquez, Governor and Captain General of New Spain
New Spain
New Spain, formally called the Viceroyalty of New Spain , was a viceroyalty of the Spanish colonial empire, comprising primarily territories in what was known then as 'América Septentrional' or North America. Its capital was Mexico City, formerly Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire...
and New Galicia
Nueva Galicia
El Nuevo Reino de Galicia or Nueva Galicia was an autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was named after Galicia in Spain...
and President of the Royal Audience in Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
commanded the Order of Saint Francis to establish a convent and mission in the town.
The construction of the present parish temple was initiated by fray José Gutiérrez in 1772. In 1800, the parish was secularized. Upon independence in 1821, El Teúl was part of the municipality of Tlantenango
Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román
The municipality of Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román is located in the southwestern portion of the Mexican state of Zacatecas. The average elevation of the municipality is 1,723 meters above sea level and the municipality covers an area of...
. In 1844 it was made a separate municipality within the canton of Tlaltenango and on December 24, 1849, the name of the municipality was changed to San Juan Bautista del Teúl.
The name was changed again on January 9, 1935 to Teúl de González Ortega in honor of Jesús González Ortega, who was raised in the town, was a military commander, served as a deputy in the state assembly, as governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of the state of Zacatecas and president of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation is the highest federal court in the United Mexican States. It consists of a President of the Supreme Court and ten Ministers who are confirmed by the Senate from a list proposed by the President of the Republic.Justices of the SCJN serve for fifteen...
.