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Table of nuclides (complete)
Encyclopedia
The isotope table below shows isotope
s of the chemical element
s, including all with half-life
of at least one day. They are arranged with increasing atomic number
s (proton
numbers) from left to right and increasing neutron
numbers from top to bottom.
Cell colour denotes the half-life
of each isotope; if a border is present, its colour indicates the half-life of the most stable nuclear isomer
. In graphical browsers, each isotope also has a tool tip indicating its half-life.
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...
s of the chemical element
Chemical element
A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. Familiar examples of elements include carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, gold, mercury, and lead.As of November 2011, 118 elements...
s, including all with half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
of at least one day. They are arranged with increasing atomic number
Atomic number
In chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element...
s (proton
Proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....
numbers) from left to right and increasing neutron
Neutron
The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of...
numbers from top to bottom.
Cell colour denotes the half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
of each isotope; if a border is present, its colour indicates the half-life of the most stable nuclear isomer
Nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...
. In graphical browsers, each isotope also has a tool tip indicating its half-life.
External links
- Interactive Chart of Nuclides (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
- The Lund/LBNL Nuclear Data Search
- An isotope table with clickable information on every isotope and its decay routes is available at chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu
- An example of free Universal Nuclide Chart with decay information for over 3000 nuclides is available at Nucleonica.net.
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The LIVEChart of Nuclides - IAEA in Java or HTML - Links to other charts of nuclides, including printed posters and journal articles, is available at nds.iaea.org.