Synthetic replication
Encyclopedia
Synthetic replication is the process by which a financial asset's payoff is exactly replicated by trading other securities.

For instance Black Scholes theory claims vanilla option pricing can be achieved through the use of stock
Stock
The capital stock of a business entity represents the original capital paid into or invested in the business by its founders. It serves as a security for the creditors of a business since it cannot be withdrawn to the detriment of the creditors...

 and zero-coupon bond.
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