Swepol
Encyclopedia
SwePol is a 245 kilometres (152.2 mi)-long monopolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC)
submarine cable
between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn
, Sweden
, and Bruskowo Wielkie
, near Słupsk, Poland
.
SwePol is a high voltage cable with a cross section of 2100 square millimetres (3.3 sq in). It runs for 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) as underground cable from Stärno HVDC Station to the shore of the Baltic Sea. The submarine cable comes ashore in Poland near Ustka and runs underground for the remaining 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to Bruskowo Wielkie HVDC Static Inverter Plant.
Unlike other monopolar HVDC schemes, Swepol uses a metallic return consisting of 2 cables with 630 square millimetre (0.976501953003906 sq in) sections for the submarine portion of the line, and a single cable with 1100 square millimetres (1.7 sq in) sections for the land portions.
Both stations use air-core inductance smoothing rectifiers of 0.225 Hz and a weight of 27.5 tonnes, with filters for the 11th, 13th, 24th, and 36th harmonics. Each filter consists of a coil and a capacitor switched in row. The filters for the 11th and 13th harmonics are adjustable. The filters deliver a reactive power of 95 Mvar. Additional 95 Mvar reactive power is delivered by a capacitor bank. Each station's static inverter, which is switched as a 12-pulse thyristor bridge, consists of 792 thyristors arranged in three 16 metres (52.5 ft) high towers installed in a valve hall.
The SwePol link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600 MW power at a voltage
of 450 kV. It is owned and maintained by SwePol Link AB, a company jointly owned by the state-owned Swedish power company Svenska Kraftnät
(51%), Vattenfall
(16%), and Polish transmission system operator PSE-Operator (33%).
Since coming online, 11 instances of cable damage have occurred: one on the high voltage line and 10 on the return cable. Causes have included ship anchors, fishing nets, fire, and grid power disturbances. On February 14, 2005, the smoothing reactor at the HVDC station at Bruskowo Wielkie was destroyed by fire. Repairs took 20 hours.
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Coordinates
Bruskowo Wielkie Static Inverter Plant
54°30′7.6"N 16°53′28.4"E
Stärnö Static Inverter Plant
56°09′10.7"N 14°50′29.4"E
High-voltage direct current
A high-voltage, direct current electric power transmission system uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current systems. For long-distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses...
submarine cable
Submarine cable
Submarine cable may refer to:*Submarine communications cable*Submarine power cable...
between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn
Karlshamn
Karlshamn is a locality and the seat of Karlshamn Municipality in Blekinge County, Sweden with 12,957 inhabitants of the city core and 30 918 in the municipality ....
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, and Bruskowo Wielkie
Bruskowo Wielkie
Bruskowo Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupsk, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately west of Słupsk and west of the regional capital Gdańsk....
, near Słupsk, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
.
SwePol is a high voltage cable with a cross section of 2100 square millimetres (3.3 sq in). It runs for 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) as underground cable from Stärno HVDC Station to the shore of the Baltic Sea. The submarine cable comes ashore in Poland near Ustka and runs underground for the remaining 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to Bruskowo Wielkie HVDC Static Inverter Plant.
Unlike other monopolar HVDC schemes, Swepol uses a metallic return consisting of 2 cables with 630 square millimetre (0.976501953003906 sq in) sections for the submarine portion of the line, and a single cable with 1100 square millimetres (1.7 sq in) sections for the land portions.
Both stations use air-core inductance smoothing rectifiers of 0.225 Hz and a weight of 27.5 tonnes, with filters for the 11th, 13th, 24th, and 36th harmonics. Each filter consists of a coil and a capacitor switched in row. The filters for the 11th and 13th harmonics are adjustable. The filters deliver a reactive power of 95 Mvar. Additional 95 Mvar reactive power is delivered by a capacitor bank. Each station's static inverter, which is switched as a 12-pulse thyristor bridge, consists of 792 thyristors arranged in three 16 metres (52.5 ft) high towers installed in a valve hall.
The SwePol link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600 MW power at a voltage
Voltage
Voltage, otherwise known as electrical potential difference or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points — or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points...
of 450 kV. It is owned and maintained by SwePol Link AB, a company jointly owned by the state-owned Swedish power company Svenska Kraftnät
Svenska Kraftnät
Svenska Kraftnät is an electricity and natural gas transmission system operator in Sweden. It is a state-owned public utility, which was created in 1992 by splitting the former government agency Vattenfall into a power generation company and a transmission company...
(51%), Vattenfall
Vattenfall
Vattenfall is a Swedish power company. The name Vattenfall is Swedish for waterfall, and is an abbreviation of its original name, Royal Waterfall Board...
(16%), and Polish transmission system operator PSE-Operator (33%).
Since coming online, 11 instances of cable damage have occurred: one on the high voltage line and 10 on the return cable. Causes have included ship anchors, fishing nets, fire, and grid power disturbances. On February 14, 2005, the smoothing reactor at the HVDC station at Bruskowo Wielkie was destroyed by fire. Repairs took 20 hours.