Swain's Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Encyclopedia
Swain's Island, Newfoundland
, is actually a group of eight islands on the north side of Bonavista Bay, southeast of Wesleyville
. All of these islands were once inhabited but eventually all of them were resettled, mostly to Wesleyville.
By 1869 the population had reached 265, but people eventually began moving to the mainland to places such as Wesleyville. A ferry service had to be put in place in 1896 to take children to Wesleyville to attend school because Swain's Island could not get a teacher. As the population stayed stable for a few years and gradually deceased, the islands were completely abandoned by 1930.
and Julian Moreton
describes their visits to Swain's Island in their diaries and reports. The first record of a layreader, and also a teacher, was a Mr. E Churnside Bishop who began teaching and layreading in 1843. Bishop also helped organize the building of a new school which was opened in 1848. A Church of England church was built on Swain's Island and was consecrated in 1861.
Some of the vessels in the cod fishery on Swain's Island:
Sealing nets and boats on Swain's Island:
Sealing steamer captains born on Swain's Island:
- Lovell's Directory for 1871 describes Swain's Island as an island on the north side of Bonavista Bay with a fine harbour but difficult to access. It is distant from Greenspond by 6 miles in boat and has a population of 265.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...
, is actually a group of eight islands on the north side of Bonavista Bay, southeast of Wesleyville
Wesleyville, Newfoundland and Labrador
Wesleyville is a small coastal community in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is located on the Straight Shore of the northeast coast of Newfoundland, near the communities of Greenspond and Newtown...
. All of these islands were once inhabited but eventually all of them were resettled, mostly to Wesleyville.
History
The earliest island of Swain's Island to be settled were the Outer Swain's Islands which were close to good fishing grounds and provided excellent shelter for vessels. The first two settlers were English men, William Tiller and John Winsor in 1810. Other families soon followed, such as the Brentons, Mullets, Stockleys, Dykes, and Hills. The islands' population combined in 1836 equalled 85, and by that year there was a Church of England school-chapel built on one of the islands, named Hill's Island. Swain's Island was prospering by the 1860s in its successful inshore fishery and involvement in the Labrador fishery; and by this time residents were also beginning to participate in the seal hunt.By 1869 the population had reached 265, but people eventually began moving to the mainland to places such as Wesleyville. A ferry service had to be put in place in 1896 to take children to Wesleyville to attend school because Swain's Island could not get a teacher. As the population stayed stable for a few years and gradually deceased, the islands were completely abandoned by 1930.
Church History
Swain's Island began with the entire population being of the Church of England. Swain's Island was visited often by missionaries from Greenspond; for example, the Rev. N.A. Coster visited in June 1830 and baptized over 40 people, and Robert DyerRobert Dyer
Robert Dyer left the village of Heytesbury, in the county of Wiltshire, England to voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to serve as a Newfoundland School Society teacher in the fishing community of Greenspond, Newfoundland...
and Julian Moreton
Julian Moreton
The Reverend Julian Moreton was a Church of England clergyman and author who travelled from England to Newfoundland, Canada to be ordained as a missionary for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts...
describes their visits to Swain's Island in their diaries and reports. The first record of a layreader, and also a teacher, was a Mr. E Churnside Bishop who began teaching and layreading in 1843. Bishop also helped organize the building of a new school which was opened in 1848. A Church of England church was built on Swain's Island and was consecrated in 1861.
Education History
The first teaching done on the islands was by a fisherman, John Feltham, who was asked by William Tiller to stay ashore rather than fish to teach his boys. Feltham agreed to this, and sometime later, in 1829, he was appointed by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.), to be a teacher. In 1830 there were about 25 students, but this school was discontinued in 1834. The next record of school was by the teacher Edward Churnside Bishop under the Newfoundland School Society from 1843 to 1883. In 1869 a new school house was built; and the last teacher to teach at Swain's Island was Annie Alice Hall in 1901.Fishery
Swain's Island was settled because of its prime location and advantages in the various fisheries. Its entire economy, like so many other communities in Newfoundland at this time, depended upon the fisheries. In 1874 there was a peak number of fishing rooms on Swain's Island, totalling 19 altogether, in 1884 there were still 10 fishing rooms in use.Some of the vessels in the cod fishery on Swain's Island:
- Five Brothers, 1840
- R.M.C.
- True Blue, 1853
- Caroline
- Meteor
- British Queen,1842
- Oban, 1863
Sealing nets and boats on Swain's Island:
| 1836 | 1845 | 1857 | 1869 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sealing nets | 82 | 130 | 78 | |
| Large boats for sealing | 4 | 5 | 9 | 4 |
Sealing steamer captains born on Swain's Island:
- William Winsor, Sr. Some of his steamers include the Iceland, 1889; and the Vanguard
- George Hann, his first steamer was the Leopard in 1890, and last was the Labrador, in 1908
- Edward Bishop, some of his steamers were the Algerine and Eagle II
- Jesse Winsor, his first steamer was the Panther in 1906; his last was the Ranger, 1920
- Samuel Winsor, his first was the Walrus, 1904 and his last was the Ranger in 1920.
Census Information
| 1836 | 1845 | 1869 | 1857 | 1874 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| population | 85 | 103 | 265 | 171 | 354 |
| inhabited houses | 8 | 8 | 34 | 17 | 35 |
| families | - | - | 44 | 27 | 54 |
| Church of England | 85 | 103 | 251 | 170 | 161 |
| Wesleyan/Methodist | - | - | 14 | - | 190 |
| Catholics | - | - | - | 1 | 3 |
| # of students | - | 40 | 34 | 42 | 27 |
| can read/write | - | - | 101 | - | 148 |
| people catching/curing fish | - | - | 80 | 140 | 167 |
| seamen/fishermen | - | - | - | 49 | 56 |
| total boats | 7 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 12 |
| boats/vessels built | - | - | - | 2 | |
| sealing vessels | - | 2 | 10 | 4 | 12 |
| men on board | - | - | 135 | 138 | 85 |
| tonnage | - | 86 | 350 | 382 | 388 |
| nets/seines | - | 5 | 73 | 27 | 86 |
| sealing nets | - | 82 | 78 | 130 | 59 |
| seals caught | - | - | - | 2669 | 1654 |
| cod fish cured (qtls) | - | - | - | 3800 | 4550 |
| herring (Bls) | - | - | - | 50 | - |
| oil produced (gals) | - | - | - | 13 tuns | 2750 |
| fishing rooms in use | - | - | 15 | 11 | 19 |
| stores/barns/outhouses | - | - | 17 | 14 | 18 |
| barrels of potatoes produced | 504(busl) | 102 | 310 | 190 | 446 |
| barrels of turnip | - | - | 15 | 16 | 30 |
| tons of hay | - | 1/4 | - | - | - |
| cows/oxen | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| sheep/swine/goats | - | - | 32 | 21 | 68 |
Directories
- Hutchinson's Directory of 1864 lists four residents of Swain's Island:- Bishop, Edward C. - Teacher
- Tiller, John - Planter
- Windsor, David - Planter
- Samuel Windsor - Planter and Shipowner
- Lovell's Directory for 1871 describes Swain's Island as an island on the north side of Bonavista Bay with a fine harbour but difficult to access. It is distant from Greenspond by 6 miles in boat and has a population of 265.
- Ayles, John - Fisherman
- Best, Charles - Planter
- Bishop, Edward - Planter
- Breaker, James - Fisherman
- Brenton, Thomas
- Broobcomb, Robert - Fisherman
- Carter, Benjamin - Planter
- Carter, John - Fisherman
- Cross, Thomas - Fisherman
- Dicks, John - Fisherman
- Fifreld, Thomas - Fisherman
- Force, James - Fisherman
- Hawkers, John
- Hill, James - Planter
- Hoyles, Joseph - Fisherman
- Mullett, Abraham - Fisherman
- Mullett, George - Fisherman
- Mullett, Thomas - Fisherma
- Mullett, William - Fisherman
- Norris, Abraham - Fisherman
- Paine, Charles - Planter
- Samsbury, Japhet - Fisherman
- Stanford, Benjamin - Fisherman
- Stockly, George - Fisherman
- Stockly, James - Fisherman
- Tiller, John Sr. - Planter
- Tiller, Joseph - Fisherman
- Tiller, William - Fisherman
- Wicks, Samuel - Fisherman
- Winsor, George - Planter
- Winsor, James - Fisherman
- Winsor, John - Fisherman
- Winsor, Samuel - Planter
See also
- List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Field, Edward. A journal of the Bishop’s visitation of the missions of the northern coast, in the summer of 1846. London: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1856
- Moreton, Julian. Life and Work in Newfoundland: reminiscences of thirteen years spent there. London: Rivingtons, 1863
- Prowse, D.W. A History of Newfoundland. London: MacMillan and Co., 1895
External links
- http://www.willow-house.com/gazfree/Bonavista.html
- Search directories, census, births, marriages, government records, and much more