SuperFerry 9
Encyclopedia
SuperFerry 9 was a ferry
owned by the Philippines
-based carrier Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC) and operated by their SuperFerry
division. About 9am Sunday September 6, 2009, she sank off the south-west coast of Zamboanga Peninsula with a total of 971 passengers and crew aboard.
The ferry was travelling from the southern city of General Santos City
to Iloilo City
in the central Philippines and capsized on the other side of the peninsular from Zamboanga City
.
On Tuesday 8 September 2009 the last missing passenger was reported rescued and more up-to-date figures were provided by disaster response officials. The last survivor, a woman suffering serious injuries, was picked up by a passing fishing vessel shortly after the Superferry 9 sank on Sunday, the Office of Civil Defence in Manila said. On Monday, rescuers also plucked out from the sea another woman who had spent over 24 hours in the Sulu Sea
with only her life vest to keep her afloat. "All 968 passengers and crew of the Superferry have now been accounted for, including nine fatalities", the civil defence office said. The civil defence figures were corrected the following night by the ship owners.
As of 6pm Wednesday 9 September 2009, "961 crew members and passengers have been accounted for. Regretfully, there are 10 fatalities. 10 names in the official manifest cannot be physically matched but we also have 10 persons rescued and physically accounted for, whose names are not in the manifest".
In April 2006, the ship experienced repeated engine problems that caused passengers to be delayed a day and a half at sea while on a trip from Bacolod City to Manila's South Harbor.
In February 2007, engine problems stranded her at Daog Point on Negros Island while en route to Iligan City
from Bacolod City
. She had to be towed back to port because of this mechanical failure. As a result of this incident, the Maritime Industry Authority revoked the safety certificate for the vessel. The agency also ordered the ship's owner, Aboitiz, to keep the vessel in drydock and to perform appropriate repairs.
On May 4, 2009 – about four months before the Zamboanga incident – the ship suffered from engine problems that caused 900 passengers to be stranded off Camiguin
.
to Iloilo City in the central Philippines and capsized approximately 150 kilometres from Zamboanga City
.
Below is a timeline of events (all times local).
Initially the Coast Guard reported that the ship developed generator problems as soon as she left for Iloilo. According to Coast Guard chief Admiral Wilfredo Tamayo, initial reports said that the generator of SuperFerry 9 fluctuated several times. Passengers had reported loud heavy crashing noises and suggested cargo containers had moved in the hold damaging the hull.
On September 7, 2009, a military pilot reported an oil slick in the area where SuperFerry 9 sank. A containment ship was dispatched to the area. The vessel is believed to have settled on the seabed some 18 kilometres offshore at a depth of about 5000 metres.
As a result of the sinking, Marina issued a suspension order September 7, grounding the whole fleet of ATSC. The company, however, successfully contested the whole of fleet order.
Naval vessels began retrieval of passengers of the ill-fated ferry. As at 8.20am, around 115 passengers were already rescued by the four Navy vessels. Naval ad hoc task group Superferry 9 headed by on-scene officer CDR Sabarre was formed to integrate navy rescue efforts and coordinate efforts of other rescue agencies arriving in the area. Commander Sabarre reported that most rescued passengers were “very weak and needing urgent medical attention”. Drinking water was also scarce. Naval Forces Western Mindanao operations coordinated for the availability of medical personnel, water, first aid kits, and medicines.
At around 10am, PG 116 had rescued 120, including the Ship Captain and four officers of Superferry9. PG 117 had rescued 103, including 21 crew of ABS-CBN, with 1 casualty. BA 483 had 141, with 3 casualties, and BA 482 had 84. As at 11.20am, two Rigid Hull Inflatable Boats with one team each of Philippine Navy SEALs were dispatched to augment the rescue and retrieval teams already in the area. RAdm Alexander Pama, MGen Ben Dolorfino, Commanding General, Western Mindanao Command flew to the SAR area to personally assess the situation.
By 2pm, the Navy Contingent alone had rescued 444 passengers while 4 dead bodies had been retrieved. Passengers rescued or recovered by the navy were transferred to M/V Meriad which brought them to Zamboanga City by 1.30pm.
On September 7, 2009, survivor Lita Casumlum was found by search parties some eight miles (thirteen kilometers) from the site of the sinking.
The last remaining passenger was brought to shore by fishing vessel on Tuesday 8 September, severely injured.
SuperFerry 1 with 56 rescued passengers bound for Manila arrived at 2pm on September 9. As at 6pm Wednesday 9 September 2009, SuperFerry had already repatriated 760 rescued passengers and crew from rescue sites and Zamboanga city to their respective desired destinations. There were 62 rescued passengers who were scheduled to be repatriated the same day. 106 passengers were scheduled to be repatriated starting the following day. 23 rescued passengers were still being treated in various hospitals.
The Philippine Government's Maritime Safety Office, MARINA, quickly announced that all passengers would be entitled to 50,000 pesos compensation as a result of the sinking. Embarrassingly, they later had to back down from this position because it was not supported by law.
Unfortunately, the Philippines does not have a comprehensive Transport Safety Investigation Act, such as other countries in the region have. In addition, no authority in the Philippines is responsible for undertaking comprehensive investigations of all maritime accidents.
In the case of the SuperFerry 9 sinking, two separate authorities are reported to be conducting investigations into the sinking. The Philippine Coast Guard says it will conduct a Board of Marine Inquiry into the sinking. The Maritime Industry Authority also says it will conduct an inquiry into the sinking.
Whether one or both inquiries will be conducted, or whether either report will be comprehensive, remains to be seen. But given the Philippine government's prior history in this field, any comprehensive report at international best practice standard is unlikely.
The inherent safety of Ro-Ro vessels has been called into question in a number of Maritime Inquiries, especially in Europe, over the last 10 years or more. If there was a possibility of a design flaw in SuperFerry9, or any subsequent alteration to the vessel which could have compromised the inherent safety of the vessel, the wreck will need to be physically examined by experts. If the wreck is not thoroughly examined and comprehensive reports provided on it to any inquiry into the sinking, then any such Maritime Inquiry will be fundamentally flawed.
Given the large number of Ro-Ro vessels engaged in ferry transportation in the Philippines, and the current government's enthusiasm for Ro-Ro vessels, the question of inherent stability and safety, especially in high seas such as the Philippines experiences frequently each year, is of vital interest and importance to the Filipino travelling public.
Ferry
A ferry is a form of transportation, usually a boat, but sometimes a ship, used to carry primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services...
owned by the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
-based carrier Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC) and operated by their SuperFerry
SuperFerry
SuperFerry, founded as Aboitiz SuperFerry, is a shipping company based in Manila, Philippines. It is the country’s largest shipping company,with its main hub located in Pier 15 in Manila South Harbor...
division. About 9am Sunday September 6, 2009, she sank off the south-west coast of Zamboanga Peninsula with a total of 971 passengers and crew aboard.
The ferry was travelling from the southern city of General Santos City
General Santos City
The City of General Santos is the southernmost port city of the Philippines. Being a highly urbanized first class city, GenSan is one of the most populous urban centers in the country with a population of 679,588 as per census data of 2010...
to Iloilo City
Iloilo City
The City of Iloilo is a highly urbanized city in the Philippines and the capital city of Iloilo province. It is the regional center of the Western Visayas, as well as the center of the Iloilo-Guimaras Metropolitan Area...
in the central Philippines and capsized on the other side of the peninsular from Zamboanga City
Zamboanga City
The City of Zamboanga : is a highly urbanized, independent and a chartered city located in Mindanao, Philippines....
.
On Tuesday 8 September 2009 the last missing passenger was reported rescued and more up-to-date figures were provided by disaster response officials. The last survivor, a woman suffering serious injuries, was picked up by a passing fishing vessel shortly after the Superferry 9 sank on Sunday, the Office of Civil Defence in Manila said. On Monday, rescuers also plucked out from the sea another woman who had spent over 24 hours in the Sulu Sea
Sulu Sea
The Sulu Sea is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast.Sulu Sea contains a number of...
with only her life vest to keep her afloat. "All 968 passengers and crew of the Superferry have now been accounted for, including nine fatalities", the civil defence office said. The civil defence figures were corrected the following night by the ship owners.
As of 6pm Wednesday 9 September 2009, "961 crew members and passengers have been accounted for. Regretfully, there are 10 fatalities. 10 names in the official manifest cannot be physically matched but we also have 10 persons rescued and physically accounted for, whose names are not in the manifest".
Construction
SuperFerry 9, a 7,268-ton ship, was built in 1986 by Usuki Iron Works Ltd. at Saiki, Japan, and launched as the Ariake. It was converted in 1995 in Cebu City for William Lines Incorporated and was renamed Mabuhay 5. In 1996, the ship was renamed SuperFerry 9 and has been operated by Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC) since that time.Previous problems
SuperFerry 9 had encountered several mishaps prior to its sinking.In April 2006, the ship experienced repeated engine problems that caused passengers to be delayed a day and a half at sea while on a trip from Bacolod City to Manila's South Harbor.
In February 2007, engine problems stranded her at Daog Point on Negros Island while en route to Iligan City
Iligan City
The City of Iligan is a highly urbanized industrial city north of the province of Lanao del Norte, Philippines, and the province's former capital. It is approximately 795 kilometers southeast of Manila...
from Bacolod City
Bacolod City
The City of Bacolod , is a highly urbanized midsize Philippine city. It is the capital of the Negros Occidental province. Having a total of 499,497 inhabitants as of August 1, 2007, it is the most populous city in the Western Visayas Region. It is currently ranked as the 17th most populous city in...
. She had to be towed back to port because of this mechanical failure. As a result of this incident, the Maritime Industry Authority revoked the safety certificate for the vessel. The agency also ordered the ship's owner, Aboitiz, to keep the vessel in drydock and to perform appropriate repairs.
On May 4, 2009 – about four months before the Zamboanga incident – the ship suffered from engine problems that caused 900 passengers to be stranded off Camiguin
Camiguin
Camiguin is an island province of the Philippines located in the Bohol Sea, about off the northern coast of Misamis Oriental in Mindanao. It is the second-smallest province both in population and land area after Batanes...
.
Sinking
On September 6, 2009, SuperFerry 9 sank off the southwest coast of Zamboanga peninsula with 971 people on board. The ferry was travelling from the southern city of General SantosGeneral Santos City
The City of General Santos is the southernmost port city of the Philippines. Being a highly urbanized first class city, GenSan is one of the most populous urban centers in the country with a population of 679,588 as per census data of 2010...
to Iloilo City in the central Philippines and capsized approximately 150 kilometres from Zamboanga City
Zamboanga City
The City of Zamboanga : is a highly urbanized, independent and a chartered city located in Mindanao, Philippines....
.
Below is a timeline of events (all times local).
- At 8:45 a.m. on September 5, 2009, SuperFerry 9 left General Santos City bound for Iloilo City.
- Between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m. on September 6, 2009, a distress signal was sent by Captain Jose Yap that the ship was listing to the starboard side. An hour later, he ordered the passengers to abandon ship. Captain Yap was among those rescued in the disaster.
- At 5:20 a.m. the MV Myriad, a cargo ship also owned by Aboitiz, arrived at the scene of the incident to render assistance. After an hour, half of the passengers had already been taken off SuperFerry 9 and had boarded several life rafts.
- According to regional military commander Major General Benjamin Dolorfino, about two hours later, two assault navy boats guided by two OV-10OV-10 BroncoThe North American Aviation Rockwell OV-10 Bronco is a turboprop light attack and observation aircraft. It was developed in the 1960s as a special aircraft for counter-insurgency combat, and one of its primary missions was as a forward air control aircraft...
bomber planes and two Huey helicopters arrived and began to pluck survivors from the ferry and the sea. - SuperFerry 9 sank sometime around 9:00 a.m., almost five hours after the first distress call was sent.
Initially the Coast Guard reported that the ship developed generator problems as soon as she left for Iloilo. According to Coast Guard chief Admiral Wilfredo Tamayo, initial reports said that the generator of SuperFerry 9 fluctuated several times. Passengers had reported loud heavy crashing noises and suggested cargo containers had moved in the hold damaging the hull.
On September 7, 2009, a military pilot reported an oil slick in the area where SuperFerry 9 sank. A containment ship was dispatched to the area. The vessel is believed to have settled on the seabed some 18 kilometres offshore at a depth of about 5000 metres.
As a result of the sinking, Marina issued a suspension order September 7, grounding the whole fleet of ATSC. The company, however, successfully contested the whole of fleet order.
Naval Assistance
At 4.50am Sunday 6 September 2009, Philippine Naval Forces Western Mindanao Commander RAdm Alexander Pama dispatched 2 Patrol Gunboats (Barko ng Republika ng Pilipinas Mahusay, PG 116 under CDR Carlos Sabarre and Barko ng Republika ng Pilipinas Dionisio Ojeda, PG 117 under LCdr Teofilo Pulmano) to SuperFerry 9. Around 5.30am Navy Chief Vice Admiral Ferdinand Golez directed all available floating and air assets in the area to be deployed. Two Multi-Purpose Attack Crafts (BA 482 & BA483) were dispatched for Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the area. At daybreak, Navy Islander aircraft took off from Naval Forces Western Mindanao Headquarters to the SAR area. At 7.20 am the first government vessel, Navy Patrol Gunboat 116, arrived in the SAR area in Siocon Bay, Zamboanga del Norte. Navy PG 117 was second to arrive at around 7.45am. Two other naval vessels also quickly arrived.Naval vessels began retrieval of passengers of the ill-fated ferry. As at 8.20am, around 115 passengers were already rescued by the four Navy vessels. Naval ad hoc task group Superferry 9 headed by on-scene officer CDR Sabarre was formed to integrate navy rescue efforts and coordinate efforts of other rescue agencies arriving in the area. Commander Sabarre reported that most rescued passengers were “very weak and needing urgent medical attention”. Drinking water was also scarce. Naval Forces Western Mindanao operations coordinated for the availability of medical personnel, water, first aid kits, and medicines.
At around 10am, PG 116 had rescued 120, including the Ship Captain and four officers of Superferry9. PG 117 had rescued 103, including 21 crew of ABS-CBN, with 1 casualty. BA 483 had 141, with 3 casualties, and BA 482 had 84. As at 11.20am, two Rigid Hull Inflatable Boats with one team each of Philippine Navy SEALs were dispatched to augment the rescue and retrieval teams already in the area. RAdm Alexander Pama, MGen Ben Dolorfino, Commanding General, Western Mindanao Command flew to the SAR area to personally assess the situation.
By 2pm, the Navy Contingent alone had rescued 444 passengers while 4 dead bodies had been retrieved. Passengers rescued or recovered by the navy were transferred to M/V Meriad which brought them to Zamboanga City by 1.30pm.
Survivors, fatalities and assistance to victims
Some of the 10 dead had been identified as of midnight on September 7. The ship's owner, Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC), immediately arranged for medical, accommodation, counselling, and transport assistance, for the passengers and crew of the sunken vessel.On September 7, 2009, survivor Lita Casumlum was found by search parties some eight miles (thirteen kilometers) from the site of the sinking.
The last remaining passenger was brought to shore by fishing vessel on Tuesday 8 September, severely injured.
SuperFerry 1 with 56 rescued passengers bound for Manila arrived at 2pm on September 9. As at 6pm Wednesday 9 September 2009, SuperFerry had already repatriated 760 rescued passengers and crew from rescue sites and Zamboanga city to their respective desired destinations. There were 62 rescued passengers who were scheduled to be repatriated the same day. 106 passengers were scheduled to be repatriated starting the following day. 23 rescued passengers were still being treated in various hospitals.
The Philippine Government's Maritime Safety Office, MARINA, quickly announced that all passengers would be entitled to 50,000 pesos compensation as a result of the sinking. Embarrassingly, they later had to back down from this position because it was not supported by law.
Inquiry
Official inquiries have commenced. Because of the location of the sunken vessel in the Sulu Sea, and its extreme depth of 5 kilometres below sea level, the inquiries will take months to complete, if they are conducted properly.Unfortunately, the Philippines does not have a comprehensive Transport Safety Investigation Act, such as other countries in the region have. In addition, no authority in the Philippines is responsible for undertaking comprehensive investigations of all maritime accidents.
In the case of the SuperFerry 9 sinking, two separate authorities are reported to be conducting investigations into the sinking. The Philippine Coast Guard says it will conduct a Board of Marine Inquiry into the sinking. The Maritime Industry Authority also says it will conduct an inquiry into the sinking.
Whether one or both inquiries will be conducted, or whether either report will be comprehensive, remains to be seen. But given the Philippine government's prior history in this field, any comprehensive report at international best practice standard is unlikely.
The inherent safety of Ro-Ro vessels has been called into question in a number of Maritime Inquiries, especially in Europe, over the last 10 years or more. If there was a possibility of a design flaw in SuperFerry9, or any subsequent alteration to the vessel which could have compromised the inherent safety of the vessel, the wreck will need to be physically examined by experts. If the wreck is not thoroughly examined and comprehensive reports provided on it to any inquiry into the sinking, then any such Maritime Inquiry will be fundamentally flawed.
Given the large number of Ro-Ro vessels engaged in ferry transportation in the Philippines, and the current government's enthusiasm for Ro-Ro vessels, the question of inherent stability and safety, especially in high seas such as the Philippines experiences frequently each year, is of vital interest and importance to the Filipino travelling public.