St. James's Abbey, Würzburg
Encyclopedia
St. James's Abbey was a Benedictine
monastery in Würzburg
. It was founded as a Scotch monastery by Embrico, Bishop of Würzburg, about 1134.
(1139–53) who with a few other monks had come from the Scottish Monastery of St. Jacob at Ratisbon
. In 1146 he went to Rome to obtain relic
s and indulgence
s for his monastery. He died in 1153, and is honoured as a saint. His feast is celebrated on 24 January.
The monks at St. James's were all Irish or Scottish until 1497, when their number dwindled to one or two. The abbey was then given over to German monks, and in 1506 was united with the Bursfeld Congregation. From 1506–16 Johannes Trithemius
was its abbot. In 1547 the whole monastery had died out, and its revenues went to the Bishop of Würzburg.
Upon the request of John Whyte, Abbot of the Scottish Monastery at Ratisbon, it was again restored to the Scottish monks by Bishop Julius in 1595, and prospered for some time. Its last abbot, Placidus Hamilton, who, though very learned, lacked the qualities of a good ruler, resigned and retired to London in 1763. From that time till its secularization in 1803 it was ruled by priors. At its secularization it numbered eight monks. The complex became the Garrison Hospital(Standortlazarett) and in 1904, the sanctuary became the garrison church. Subsequent to the bombing at the end of World War II, in 1955, the church was rebuilt and dedicated to St. John Bosco
. It is now called "Don-Bosco-Kirche".
These were followed by five German abbots:
From its restoration to the Scottish monks in 1595 the following were its abbots:
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
monastery in Würzburg
Würzburg
Würzburg is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located at the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian....
. It was founded as a Scotch monastery by Embrico, Bishop of Würzburg, about 1134.
History
Its first abbot was MacariusMacarius
Macarius is a Latinized form of the Greek given name Makarios.It name may refer to:*Macarius of Egypt: Egyptian monk and hermit. Also known as Pseudo-Macarius, Macarius-Symeon, Macarius the Elder, or St...
(1139–53) who with a few other monks had come from the Scottish Monastery of St. Jacob at Ratisbon
Scots Monastery, Regensburg
The Scots Monastery is a Benedictine abbey of St James in Regensburg, Germany. It was founded by Hiberno-Scottish missionaries and for most of its history was in the hands of first Irish, then Scottish monks, whence its name The Scots Monastery is a Benedictine abbey of St James (Jakobskirche) in...
. In 1146 he went to Rome to obtain relic
Relic
In religion, a relic is a part of the body of a saint or a venerated person, or else another type of ancient religious object, carefully preserved for purposes of veneration or as a tangible memorial...
s and indulgence
Indulgence
In Catholic theology, an indulgence is the full or partial remission of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven. The indulgence is granted by the Catholic Church after the sinner has confessed and received absolution...
s for his monastery. He died in 1153, and is honoured as a saint. His feast is celebrated on 24 January.
The monks at St. James's were all Irish or Scottish until 1497, when their number dwindled to one or two. The abbey was then given over to German monks, and in 1506 was united with the Bursfeld Congregation. From 1506–16 Johannes Trithemius
Johannes Trithemius
Johannes Trithemius , born Johann Heidenberg, was a German abbot, lexicographer, historian, cryptographer, polymath and occultist who had an influence on later occultism. The name by which he is more commonly known is derived from his native town of Trittenheim on the Mosel in Germany.-Life:He...
was its abbot. In 1547 the whole monastery had died out, and its revenues went to the Bishop of Würzburg.
Upon the request of John Whyte, Abbot of the Scottish Monastery at Ratisbon, it was again restored to the Scottish monks by Bishop Julius in 1595, and prospered for some time. Its last abbot, Placidus Hamilton, who, though very learned, lacked the qualities of a good ruler, resigned and retired to London in 1763. From that time till its secularization in 1803 it was ruled by priors. At its secularization it numbered eight monks. The complex became the Garrison Hospital(Standortlazarett) and in 1904, the sanctuary became the garrison church. Subsequent to the bombing at the end of World War II, in 1955, the church was rebuilt and dedicated to St. John Bosco
John Bosco
John Bosco , was an Italian Catholic priest, educator and writer of the 19th century, who put into practice the convictions of his religion, dedicating his life to the betterment and education of street children, juvenile delinquents, and other disadvantaged youth and employing teaching methods...
. It is now called "Don-Bosco-Kirche".
List of abbots
- Macarius, 1139–53;
- Christian, 1153–79;
- Eugene, 1179–97;
- Gregory, 1197–1207;
- Matthew, 1207–15;
- Teclan, 1215–17;
- Elias I, 1217–23;
- Celestine, 1223–34;
- Gerard, 1234–42;
- John I, 1242–53;
- John II, 1253–74;
- Maurice I, 1274–98;
- Joel, 1298–1306;
- Elias II, 1306–18;
- John III, 1318–35;
- Michaeas, 1335–41;
- Rynaldus, 1342;
- Philip I, 1342–61;
- Donaldus, 1361–?, d. 1385;
- Henry, 1379;
- Maurice II, 1381?–88?;
- Timothy, 1388?–99;
- Imar, 1399–1409?;
- Rutger, 1409?–17;
- Thomas I, 1417–37;
- Roricus, 1437–47;
- Alanus, 1447–55;
- Maurice III, 1455–61;
- John IV, 1461–3;
- Otto, 1463–5;
- Thaddeus, 1465–74;
- David, 1474–83;
- Thomas II, 1483–94;
- Edmund, 1494–7;
- Philip II, 1397.
These were followed by five German abbots:
- Kilian Crispus, 1504–6;
- Trithemius, 1506–16;
- Matthias, 1516–35;
- Erhard Jani, 1535–42;
- Michael Stephan, 1542–7.
From its restoration to the Scottish monks in 1595 the following were its abbots:
- Richard Irvin, 1595–8;
- John Whyte, at the same time Abbot of the Scotch monastery at Ratisbon, 1598–1602;
- Francis Hamilton, 1602–14;
- William Ogilbay, 1615–35;
- Robert Forbes, 1636–7;
- Audomarus Asloan, 1638–61;
- Maurus Dixon, 1661–79;
- Bernard Maxwell, 1679–85;
- Marianus Irvin, 1685–8;
- Ambrose Cook, 1689–1703;
- Augustine Bruce, who ruled as prior during 1703–13, and as abbot during 1713–16;
- Maurus Strachan, 1716–37;
- Augustine Duffus de Fochaber, 1739–53;
- Placidus Hamilton, 1756–63.
External links
- http://www.hdbg.de/kloester/kloester_detailansicht_basisdaten.php?templ=relaunch_vorlage_detail_basisdaten&id=KS0452 Klöster in Bayern: Würzburg, Schottenkloster summary (German)
- http://www.hdbg.de/kloester/kloester_detailansicht_basisdaten.php?templ=relaunch_vorlage_detail_geschichte&id=KS0452 Klöster in Bayern: Würzburg, Schottenkloster detailed text (German)
- http://agapecoffeehouse.wetpaint.com/page/US+Hospital+Wuerzburg history of military hospital through 1935 (English)