Southern Cakavian
Encyclopedia
Southern Čakavian or Ikavian Čakavian is one of the dialects of the Čakavian Croatian dialect system.
It is spoken in the area southern of the Middle Čakavian
area, in a narrow strip of Croatian Littoral
and the neighbouring islands: outskirts of Split
and Zadar
; Korčula
, Pelješac
, Brač
, Hvar
, Vis
and Šolta
.
Speech of the major Croatian city Split belongs to this dialect, but under the influence of Štokavian immigrants and standard Croatian promoted by the state media, a local idiom developed which lost many of characteristic Čakavian traits, even though a part of older population retains Čakavian dialect in their speech.
Lots of speeches of this dialect mix Čakavian and Štokavian features. It is assumed that in the past this dialect covered larger territory in the hinterland, being gradually suppressed by constant migrations who carried Štokavian speech at its cost.
Common Slavic yat
phonome had a reflex of /i/ in this dialect. Thus we have lip, divojka, mriža, as opposed to standard Neoštokavian Croatian lijȇp, djèvōjka, mrȅža, all descending from earlier Proto-West-South-Slavic forms *lěpъ, *děvojka, *mrěža.
Molise Croatian dialect
also belongs to this dialect, which is organically Western Štokavian with Ikavian reflex of yat but with massive Čakavian adstratum.
It is spoken in the area southern of the Middle Čakavian
Middle Cakavian
Middle Čakavian is one of the dialects of the Čakavian Croatian dialect system.It is spoken on the territory lying between the Northern Čakavian and Southern Čakavian dialect: it covers the islands of Dugi otok, Kornati, Lošinj, Krk, Rab, Pag, and on the land the cities of Vinodol, Ogulin, Brinje,...
area, in a narrow strip of Croatian Littoral
Croatian Littoral
The Croatian Littoral is a geographical term that refers to the narrow coastal strip along the Adriatic Sea in Croatia extending from east the city Rijeka south to Karlobag...
and the neighbouring islands: outskirts of Split
Split (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
and Zadar
Zadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
; Korčula
Korcula
Korčula is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia. The island has an area of ; long and on average wide — and lies just off the Dalmatian coast. Its 16,182 inhabitants make it the second most populous Adriatic island after Krk...
, Pelješac
Pelješac
Pelješac is a peninsula in southern Dalmatia in Croatia. The peninsula is part of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County and is the second largest peninsula in Croatia...
, Brač
Brac
Brač is an island in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia, with an area of 396 km², making it the largest island in Dalmatia, and the third largest in the Adriatic. Its tallest peak, Vidova Gora, or Mount St. Vid, stands at 778 m, making it the highest island point in the Adriatic...
, Hvar
Hvar
- Climate :The climate of Hvar is characterized by mild winters and warm summers. The yearly average air temperature is , 686 mm of precipitation fall on the town of Hvar on average every year and the town has a total of 2800 sunshine hours per year. For comparison Hvar has an average of 7.7...
, Vis
Vis (island)
Vis is the most outerly lying larger Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, and is part of the Central Dalmatian group of islands, with an area of 90.26 km² and a population of 3,617 . Of all the inhabited Croatian islands, it is the farthest from the coast...
and Šolta
Šolta
Šolta is an island in Croatia. It is situated in the Adriatic Sea in the central Dalmatian archipelago, west of the island of Brač, south of Split and east of the Drvenik islands . Its area is 58.98 km2 and it has a population of 1,675 .The highest peak of Šolta is the summit Vela Straža...
.
Speech of the major Croatian city Split belongs to this dialect, but under the influence of Štokavian immigrants and standard Croatian promoted by the state media, a local idiom developed which lost many of characteristic Čakavian traits, even though a part of older population retains Čakavian dialect in their speech.
Lots of speeches of this dialect mix Čakavian and Štokavian features. It is assumed that in the past this dialect covered larger territory in the hinterland, being gradually suppressed by constant migrations who carried Štokavian speech at its cost.
Common Slavic yat
Yat
Yat or Jat is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet. Its name in Old Church Slavonic is jěd’ or iad’ . In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: .The yat represented a Common Slavic long vowel...
phonome had a reflex of /i/ in this dialect. Thus we have lip, divojka, mriža, as opposed to standard Neoštokavian Croatian lijȇp, djèvōjka, mrȅža, all descending from earlier Proto-West-South-Slavic forms *lěpъ, *děvojka, *mrěža.
Molise Croatian dialect
Molise Croatian dialect
Molise Croatian dialect is a Croatian dialect spoken in the province of Campobasso, in the Molise Region of southern Italy, in the villages of Montemitro , Acquaviva Collecroce and San Felice del Molise...
also belongs to this dialect, which is organically Western Štokavian with Ikavian reflex of yat but with massive Čakavian adstratum.