Skanled
Encyclopedia
Skanled was a planned natural gas
offshore pipeline
connecting Norway to Sweden and Denmark.
in western Norway, where it was to be connected with the Europipe II
. It was to be run to eastern Norway, western Sweden and Denmark with exit points in Rafnes (Norway), Lysekil, Vallby Kile, Bua (Sweden) and Jutland
(Denmark). It consists:
As part of the project, the pipeline was to transport also ethane
, which would injected into the natural gas at Kårstø and transported with the natural gas to Rafnes, where it would separated and extracted from the gas. The separation facilities at Rafnes and the installations downstream the reduction stations in Sweden and Denmark were not part of the project.
The originally planned capacity of the pipeline was 6 billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas per year. The plans were upgraded to 7 bcm. The likelihood of greater future demand from Denmark and Poland, which plan to connect Skanled through Denmark with other planned pipeline, the Baltic Pipe
between Denmark and Poland, may lead to widen the diameter of the pipe from the initial design.
The pipeline was to be operational by October 2012. It was designed for 50 years of operation. It expected to cost 10 billion Norwegian kroner.
and Ineos
, major potential consumers of gas provided by Skanled. In April 2009, the Skanled Project Group announced that they had decided to suspend the project "due to increased commercial risk combined with the global economic developments that have given an uncertain view on future gas demand."
Gasunie accepted the invitation to join the project to replace Swedegas and, in part, Göteborg Energi in the consortium.
The project was managed by Gassco
with Swedegas and Energinet.dk participating as partners. The Skanled project director is Thor Otto Lohne.
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
offshore pipeline
Pipeline transport
Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. Most commonly, liquids and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air are also used....
connecting Norway to Sweden and Denmark.
Technical features
The submarine pipeline was to start in the Kårstø natural gas processing plantKårstø
Kårstø is an industrial facility located in Tysvær, Norway. The site features a number of natural gas processing plants to refine natural gas and condensate from the fields in the northern parts of the North Sea, including Åsgard, Mikkel and Sleipner...
in western Norway, where it was to be connected with the Europipe II
Europipe II
Europipe II is a natural gas pipeline from the Kårstø processing plant north of Stavanger to a receiving terminal at Dornum in Germany. It became on stream on 1 October 1999.-Route:...
. It was to be run to eastern Norway, western Sweden and Denmark with exit points in Rafnes (Norway), Lysekil, Vallby Kile, Bua (Sweden) and Jutland
Jutland
Jutland , historically also called Cimbria, is the name of the peninsula that juts out in Northern Europe toward the rest of Scandinavia, forming the mainland part of Denmark. It has the North Sea to its west, Kattegat and Skagerrak to its north, the Baltic Sea to its east, and the Danish–German...
(Denmark). It consists:
- A 24 inches (609.6 mm) or 26 inches (660.4 mm) gas pipeline from Kårstø to Rafnes
- EthaneEthaneEthane is a chemical compound with chemical formula C2H6. It is the only two-carbon alkane that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas....
injection facilities at Kårstø - Ethane extraction facilities at Rafnes
- A 20 inches (508 mm) or 22 inches (558.8 mm) gas pipeline from Rafnes with branches to pressure reduction stations in Sweden and Denmark.
As part of the project, the pipeline was to transport also ethane
Ethane
Ethane is a chemical compound with chemical formula C2H6. It is the only two-carbon alkane that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas....
, which would injected into the natural gas at Kårstø and transported with the natural gas to Rafnes, where it would separated and extracted from the gas. The separation facilities at Rafnes and the installations downstream the reduction stations in Sweden and Denmark were not part of the project.
The originally planned capacity of the pipeline was 6 billion cubic meter (bcm) of natural gas per year. The plans were upgraded to 7 bcm. The likelihood of greater future demand from Denmark and Poland, which plan to connect Skanled through Denmark with other planned pipeline, the Baltic Pipe
Baltic Pipe
The Baltic Pipe is a proposed natural gas pipeline between Denmark and Poland. When completed, it will transport natural gas from Norway to Poland via Denmark.-History:...
between Denmark and Poland, may lead to widen the diameter of the pipe from the initial design.
The pipeline was to be operational by October 2012. It was designed for 50 years of operation. It expected to cost 10 billion Norwegian kroner.
Suspension
The final investment decision depended of decisions by Yara InternationalYara International
Yara International ASA is a Norwegian-based chemical company. Its largest business area is the production of nitrogen fertilizer, however it also encompasses the production of dry ice, nitrates, ammonia, urea and other nitrogen-based chemicals....
and Ineos
Ineos
INEOS Group Limited is a privately owned multinational chemicals company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland and with its registered office in Lyndhurst, United Kingdom...
, major potential consumers of gas provided by Skanled. In April 2009, the Skanled Project Group announced that they had decided to suspend the project "due to increased commercial risk combined with the global economic developments that have given an uncertain view on future gas demand."
Contractors
The IKM Gruppen was selected for design activities related to the pipeline system with associated subsea structures, landfalls, and receiving and metering stations.Project company
The project was developed by the Skanled Project Group. Shareholders of the consortium were:- PetoroPetoroPetoro, a company wholly owned by the state of Norway, manages Norway's portfolio of exploration and production licenses for petroleum and natural gas on the Norwegian continental shelf. This portfolio is collectively called State's Direct Financial Interest . The company also has a control...
- Skagerak EnergiSkagerak EnergiSkagerak Energi is a Norwegian utility company. The company's main focus is production and distribution of electrical power and other energy, in addition to business areas related to this...
- E.ON RuhrgasE.ONE.ON AG, marketed with an interpunct as E•ON, is the holding company of the world's largest investor-owned energy service provider based in Düsseldorf, Germany. The name comes from the Greek word aeon which means eternity....
- PGNiGPGNiGPolskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo is a Polish state-controlled oil and natural gas company, which deals with the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil, natural gas import, storage and distribution and sales of natural gas and crude oil...
- Energinet.dkEnerginet.dkEnerginet.dk is the Danish national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas. It is an independent public enterprise owned by the Danish state under the Ministry of Climate and Energy...
- VNG - Verbundnetz Gas AG
Gasunie accepted the invitation to join the project to replace Swedegas and, in part, Göteborg Energi in the consortium.
The project was managed by Gassco
Gassco
Gassco is a Norwegian state owned company that operates of natural gas pipes transporting annually of 88.5 billion cubic meter of natural gas from the Norwegian continental shelf to Continental Europe and the United Kingdom....
with Swedegas and Energinet.dk participating as partners. The Skanled project director is Thor Otto Lohne.