Sexing
Encyclopedia
Through sexing, biologist
s and agricultural workers determine the sex
of livestock
and other animals they work with. The specialized trade
of chicken sexing has a particular importance in the poultry
industry.
Assisted physical sexing is a relevant issue in vertebrates with cloaca (e.g. birds, reptiles or amphibians) when there are no external sexual dimorphism
.
In veterinary practice, fibroscopy
is used under general anaesthesia
in birds such as parrots. Molecular sexing are techniques using DNA
for determine genders in wild (population studies) or domestic species (farming, genetics) or man (archaeology, forensic medicine). Markers commonly used include: amelogenin
, SRY
, and ZFX
/ZFY
. Various techniques have been developed using simple polymerase chain reaction
product size dimorphism
, presence/absence, restriction
dimorphism, or even sequencing.
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work...
s and agricultural workers determine the sex
Sex
In biology, sex is a process of combining and mixing genetic traits, often resulting in the specialization of organisms into a male or female variety . Sexual reproduction involves combining specialized cells to form offspring that inherit traits from both parents...
of livestock
Livestock
Livestock refers to one or more domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. The term "livestock" as used in this article does not include poultry or farmed fish; however the inclusion of these, especially poultry, within the meaning...
and other animals they work with. The specialized trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
of chicken sexing has a particular importance in the poultry
Poultry
Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of producing eggs, meat, and/or feathers. These most typically are members of the superorder Galloanserae , especially the order Galliformes and the family Anatidae , commonly known as "waterfowl"...
industry.
Assisted physical sexing is a relevant issue in vertebrates with cloaca (e.g. birds, reptiles or amphibians) when there are no external sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. Examples of such differences include differences in morphology, ornamentation, and behavior.-Examples:-Ornamentation / coloration:...
.
In veterinary practice, fibroscopy
Fiberscope
A fiberscope is a flexible fiber optic bundle with an eyepiece at one end, and a lens at the other. It is used for inspection work, often to examine small components in tightly packed equipment, when the inspector cannot easily access the part requiring inspection.The lens is often a wide-angle...
is used under general anaesthesia
General anaesthesia
General anaesthesia is a state of unconsciousness and loss of protective reflexes resulting from the administration of one or more general anaesthetic agents...
in birds such as parrots. Molecular sexing are techniques using DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
for determine genders in wild (population studies) or domestic species (farming, genetics) or man (archaeology, forensic medicine). Markers commonly used include: amelogenin
Amelogenin
Amelogenin is a protein found in developing tooth enamel, and it belongs to a family of extracellular matrix proteins. Developing enamel contains about 30% protein, and 90% of this is amelogenins...
, SRY
SRY
SRY is a sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome in the therians .This intronless gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the SOX gene family of DNA-binding proteins...
, and ZFX
ZFX
Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFX gene.-Further reading:...
/ZFY
ZFY
Zinc finger Y-chromosomal protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFY gene.-Further reading:...
. Various techniques have been developed using simple polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction is a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence....
product size dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. Examples of such differences include differences in morphology, ornamentation, and behavior.-Examples:-Ornamentation / coloration:...
, presence/absence, restriction
Restriction enzyme
A Restriction Enzyme is an enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. Such enzymes, found in bacteria and archaea, are thought to have evolved to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses...
dimorphism, or even sequencing.