Sergei P. Kurdyumov
Encyclopedia
Sergey Pavlovich Kurdyumov (Russian
: Сергей Павлович Курдюмов November 18, 1928 – December 2, 2004) was a specialist in mathematical physics
, mathematical modeling, plasma physics, complexity
studies and synergetics from Moscow
, Russia
.
Kurdyumov graduated from the Moscow State University
in 1957. Since 1953 he worked in the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
. He was also the Head of the Applied Mathematics
Department in the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Since 1984 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
.
He was the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific works published in Russia and abroad, including about ten monograph
s. In 1969, he was the co-author of the scientific discovery of a new physical effect, "Effect of T-layer".
Theoretical works in the field of nuclear power
engineering, laser thermonuclear fusion
, laser thermochemistry were carried out by him in person and under his direction. Methods of exploration of laser thermonuclear targets by means of computational experiments were elaborated by Kurdyumov (together with academician RAS A.A. Samarskii). These methods laid the foundation for the conception of low-entropic compression of shell targets and substantiated this conception which is generally accepted nowadays all over the world.
Kurdyumov made an important contribution to the elaboration of fundamental problems of synergetics as well as to the theory of non-linear
evolutionary equations. For quasi-linear equations of heat conductivity
with a source, a theory of blow-up regimes was developed by Kurdyumov and his disciples. A spectrum of eigenfunction
s of an open non-linear medium was studied, properties of diffusive chaos were investigated. The theory of blow-up regimes was extended to compressible media and the problems of dissipative and magnetic hydrodynamics. These results found an important application and experimental confirmation in the problems connected with laser thermonuclear fusion, in experiments on thermochemistry. From 1983 to 2004 under the direction of the Corresponding Member of the RAS Kurdyumov, and with his immediate assistance, a number of fundamental scientific results in the field of mathematical physics
, nonlinear dynamics and synergetics were obtained. New methods of constructive analysis
of solutions of a wide class of non-linear parabolic equations with sources and sinks were developed.
The research results in the field were presented, in particular, in the monograph entitled "Blow-up in quasi-linear parabolic equations", Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995 (in co-authorship with A.A. Samarskii, V.A. Galaktionov, A.P. Mikhailov) which has obtained worldwide recognition. A series of pioneer works connected with analysis of diffusive chaos and with complex order in systems reaction-diffusion was accomplished; the works exert a great influence upon the development of studies in non-linear dynamics in Russia. The monograph "Non-stationary Structures and Diffusion Chaos", Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1992, written in co-authorship with A.A. Samarskii, T.S. Achromeeva, G.G. Malinetskii is focused on these research results. Special attention is drawn to the application of the ideas of synergetics in such fields as strategic planning, analysis of the historical processes, the modelling of educational systems, the philosophical problems of natural science
s. Books devoted to these problems, especially, “Laws of Evolution and Self-organization of Complex Systems”, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1994, (in co-authorship with Helena N. Knyazeva), “Synergetics and Forecast of the Future”, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1997, (together with S.P. Kapitza and G.G. Malinetskii), “Foundations of Synergetics: Blow-up Regimes, Self-organization, Tempo-worlds”, Saint-Petersburg: Aletheia, 2002, (together with Helena N. Knyazeva), "Synergetics: Non-linearity of Time and Landscapes of Co-evolution", Moscow: KomKniga/URSS, 2007 (together with Helena N. Knyazeva), the collection of works of S.P. Kurdyumov and his disciples “The Blow-up Regimes. Evolution of the Idea. Laws of Co-evolution of Complex Systems”, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1999, are of great interest for the scientific community.
Kurdyumov was a great organizator of science in Russia. From 1989 to 1999, he was Director of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the RAS. Kurdyumov was Member of the Bureau of the Department of Computer Science, Computer Techniques and Automation. For many years, he was President of the International Computer Club, Vice-president of the National Committee on Mathematical Modelling. He was a Full Member of the European Academy of Sciences
. Kurdyumov was a member of the editorial boards of five Russian and international scientific journals.
He created a whole scientific school in nonlinear dynamics and synergetics in Russia. Ten theses for a Doctor's degree (Habilitation) and nineteen Ph.D. theses were upheld under his supervision. Kurdyumov was honoured for his prominent achievements with governmental awards. Among his awards were medals "For labour valour" (1956) and "For valiant labour" (1970), and the orders "Sign of honour" (1975) and "Order of Honour" (1999).
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
: Сергей Павлович Курдюмов November 18, 1928 – December 2, 2004) was a specialist in mathematical physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
, mathematical modeling, plasma physics, complexity
Complexity
In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement. The study of these complex linkages is the main goal of complex systems theory. In science there are at this time a number of approaches to characterizing complexity, many of which are...
studies and synergetics from Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
.
Kurdyumov graduated from the Moscow State University
Moscow State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University , previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be one of the oldest university in Russia and to have the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy...
in 1957. Since 1953 he worked in the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics....
. He was also the Head of the Applied Mathematics
Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with mathematical methods that are typically used in science, engineering, business, and industry. Thus, "applied mathematics" is a mathematical science with specialized knowledge...
Department in the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Since 1984 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
.
He was the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific works published in Russia and abroad, including about ten monograph
Monograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
s. In 1969, he was the co-author of the scientific discovery of a new physical effect, "Effect of T-layer".
Theoretical works in the field of nuclear power
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity...
engineering, laser thermonuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy...
, laser thermochemistry were carried out by him in person and under his direction. Methods of exploration of laser thermonuclear targets by means of computational experiments were elaborated by Kurdyumov (together with academician RAS A.A. Samarskii). These methods laid the foundation for the conception of low-entropic compression of shell targets and substantiated this conception which is generally accepted nowadays all over the world.
Kurdyumov made an important contribution to the elaboration of fundamental problems of synergetics as well as to the theory of non-linear
Nonlinearity
In mathematics, a nonlinear system is one that does not satisfy the superposition principle, or one whose output is not directly proportional to its input; a linear system fulfills these conditions. In other words, a nonlinear system is any problem where the variable to be solved for cannot be...
evolutionary equations. For quasi-linear equations of heat conductivity
Thermal conductivity
In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the property of a material's ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction....
with a source, a theory of blow-up regimes was developed by Kurdyumov and his disciples. A spectrum of eigenfunction
Eigenfunction
In mathematics, an eigenfunction of a linear operator, A, defined on some function space is any non-zero function f in that space that returns from the operator exactly as is, except for a multiplicative scaling factor. More precisely, one has...
s of an open non-linear medium was studied, properties of diffusive chaos were investigated. The theory of blow-up regimes was extended to compressible media and the problems of dissipative and magnetic hydrodynamics. These results found an important application and experimental confirmation in the problems connected with laser thermonuclear fusion, in experiments on thermochemistry. From 1983 to 2004 under the direction of the Corresponding Member of the RAS Kurdyumov, and with his immediate assistance, a number of fundamental scientific results in the field of mathematical physics
Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines this area as: "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and...
, nonlinear dynamics and synergetics were obtained. New methods of constructive analysis
Constructivist analysis
In mathematics, constructive analysis is mathematical analysis done according to the principles of constructive mathematics.This contrasts with classical analysis, which simply means analysis done according to the principles of classical mathematics.Generally speaking, constructive analysis can...
of solutions of a wide class of non-linear parabolic equations with sources and sinks were developed.
The research results in the field were presented, in particular, in the monograph entitled "Blow-up in quasi-linear parabolic equations", Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995 (in co-authorship with A.A. Samarskii, V.A. Galaktionov, A.P. Mikhailov) which has obtained worldwide recognition. A series of pioneer works connected with analysis of diffusive chaos and with complex order in systems reaction-diffusion was accomplished; the works exert a great influence upon the development of studies in non-linear dynamics in Russia. The monograph "Non-stationary Structures and Diffusion Chaos", Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1992, written in co-authorship with A.A. Samarskii, T.S. Achromeeva, G.G. Malinetskii is focused on these research results. Special attention is drawn to the application of the ideas of synergetics in such fields as strategic planning, analysis of the historical processes, the modelling of educational systems, the philosophical problems of natural science
Natural science
The natural sciences are branches of science that seek to elucidate the rules that govern the natural world by using empirical and scientific methods...
s. Books devoted to these problems, especially, “Laws of Evolution and Self-organization of Complex Systems”, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1994, (in co-authorship with Helena N. Knyazeva), “Synergetics and Forecast of the Future”, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1997, (together with S.P. Kapitza and G.G. Malinetskii), “Foundations of Synergetics: Blow-up Regimes, Self-organization, Tempo-worlds”, Saint-Petersburg: Aletheia, 2002, (together with Helena N. Knyazeva), "Synergetics: Non-linearity of Time and Landscapes of Co-evolution", Moscow: KomKniga/URSS, 2007 (together with Helena N. Knyazeva), the collection of works of S.P. Kurdyumov and his disciples “The Blow-up Regimes. Evolution of the Idea. Laws of Co-evolution of Complex Systems”, Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1999, are of great interest for the scientific community.
Kurdyumov was a great organizator of science in Russia. From 1989 to 1999, he was Director of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the RAS. Kurdyumov was Member of the Bureau of the Department of Computer Science, Computer Techniques and Automation. For many years, he was President of the International Computer Club, Vice-president of the National Committee on Mathematical Modelling. He was a Full Member of the European Academy of Sciences
European Academy of Sciences
The European Academy of Sciences has as mission to promote excellence in science and technology and their essential roles in fostering social and economic development and progress. It is registered in and operates under rules and regulations of Belgium. The European Academy of Sciences is an...
. Kurdyumov was a member of the editorial boards of five Russian and international scientific journals.
He created a whole scientific school in nonlinear dynamics and synergetics in Russia. Ten theses for a Doctor's degree (Habilitation) and nineteen Ph.D. theses were upheld under his supervision. Kurdyumov was honoured for his prominent achievements with governmental awards. Among his awards were medals "For labour valour" (1956) and "For valiant labour" (1970), and the orders "Sign of honour" (1975) and "Order of Honour" (1999).