Sensitive urban zone
Encyclopedia
A sensitive urban zone is an urban area in France
defined by the authorities to be a high-priority target for city policy, taking into consideration local circumstances related to the problems of its residents. The law of November 14, 1996 (which implements a renewed urban policy) distinguishes three levels of intervention:
The three levels of intervention (ZUS, ZRU and ZFU), characterized by fiscal and social measures of increasing importance, target the difficulties encountered in these districts with differing degrees of response. Contrary to generally-accepted ideas, these sensitive districts are in the center of cities and not just the outskirts. The situation in these areas in difficulty was (until recently) difficult to evaluate precisely, based on many statistics
which were inadequate in certain areas, scattered or badly collected. To remedy these problems and more accurately measure the effect of policy
implementation, the National Observatory of Sensitive Urban Zones (ZUS) was created in a law passed on August 1, 2003.
Nearly five million people live in zones of difficulty. Their problems include:
A law passed November 14, 1996 created sensitive urban zones (ZUS) and urban tax-free zones (ZFU). 752 of these zones were created in France, including 718 in mainland France
. These ZUS are distributed throughout 490 communes and include 4.7 million inhabitants. Among them a subset of 416 zones of urban renewal (ZRU) was created, including 396 in mainland France. The ZRU contain 3.2 million inhabitants, and present unique challenges. Almost all departments are affected; the only exceptions are nine strongly-agricultural departments.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
defined by the authorities to be a high-priority target for city policy, taking into consideration local circumstances related to the problems of its residents. The law of November 14, 1996 (which implements a renewed urban policy) distinguishes three levels of intervention:
- Sensitive urban zones (ZUS)
- Urban renewalUrban renewalUrban renewal is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. Renewal has had both successes and failures. Its modern incarnation began in the late 19th century in developed nations and experienced an intense phase in the late 1940s – under the rubric of...
zones (ZRU) - Urban tax-free zones (ZFU)
The three levels of intervention (ZUS, ZRU and ZFU), characterized by fiscal and social measures of increasing importance, target the difficulties encountered in these districts with differing degrees of response. Contrary to generally-accepted ideas, these sensitive districts are in the center of cities and not just the outskirts. The situation in these areas in difficulty was (until recently) difficult to evaluate precisely, based on many statistics
Statistics
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments....
which were inadequate in certain areas, scattered or badly collected. To remedy these problems and more accurately measure the effect of policy
Policy
A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome. The term is not normally used to denote what is actually done, this is normally referred to as either procedure or protocol...
implementation, the National Observatory of Sensitive Urban Zones (ZUS) was created in a law passed on August 1, 2003.
Nearly five million people live in zones of difficulty. Their problems include:
- A high percentage of public housingPublic housingPublic housing is a form of housing tenure in which the property is owned by a government authority, which may be central or local. Social housing is an umbrella term referring to rental housing which may be owned and managed by the state, by non-profit organizations, or by a combination of the...
, with little home ownership - High unemploymentUnemploymentUnemployment , as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks...
- A low percentage of high-schoolSecondary schoolSecondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
graduates
A law passed November 14, 1996 created sensitive urban zones (ZUS) and urban tax-free zones (ZFU). 752 of these zones were created in France, including 718 in mainland France
Metropolitan France
Metropolitan France is the part of France located in Europe. It can also be described as mainland France or as the French mainland and the island of Corsica...
. These ZUS are distributed throughout 490 communes and include 4.7 million inhabitants. Among them a subset of 416 zones of urban renewal (ZRU) was created, including 396 in mainland France. The ZRU contain 3.2 million inhabitants, and present unique challenges. Almost all departments are affected; the only exceptions are nine strongly-agricultural departments.