Segment descriptor
Encyclopedia
In memory addressing for Intel x86 computer architectures, segment descriptors are a part of the segmentation unit, used for translating a logical address
Logical address
In computing, a logical address is the address at which an item appears to reside from the perspective of an executing application program....

 to a linear address. Segment descriptors describe the memory segment
Memory segment
x86 memory segmentation refers to the implementation of memory segmentation on the x86 architecture. Memory is divided into portions that may be addressed by a single index register without changing a 16-bit segment selector. In real mode or V86 mode, a segment is always 64 kilobytes in size . In...

referred to in the logical address.
The segment descriptor (8 bytes long in 80286) contains the following fields:
  1. A segment base address
  2. The segment limit which specifies the segment limit
  3. Access rights byte containing the protection mechanism information
  4. Control bits

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