Seaton Sluice
Encyclopedia
Seaton Sluice is a village in Northumberland
. It lies on the coast at the mouth of the Seaton Burn
, midway between Whitley Bay
and Blyth
. It has a population of about 3,000 people.
s) settled about half a mile inland from Hartley Pans and their place of residence became Seaton Delaval, the name ‘Seaton’ being derived from Old English meaning a settlement (ton) by the sea.
to be exported, but after this date it was shipped directly from the small, natural harbour. The village henceforth became known as Hartley Haven, and was used for the export of coal as well as salt. However the harbour was prone to silting, which limited access by ships. This problem was tackled by Sir Ralph Delaval (1622–1691), who had a pier constructed, and sluice gates that trapped the seawater at each high tide. At low tide the gates were opened, flushing the sand out of the harbour. Henceforth the village became known as Seaton Sluice.
The harbour remained like this until the 1760s, when Sir John Humphry Delaval had a new entrance made for the harbour by blasting a channel through solid rock, providing what was known as ‘The Cut’, 52 ft deep, 30 ft wide and 900 ft long. The new channel was opened in 1763 and, as a result, the land between the old harbour entrance and the new channel became an island, known as ‘Rocky Island’. The new channel could be sealed off at both ends to allow loading to continue no matter what the state of the tide. On the other side of the old channel, opposite Rocky Island, was a ballast hill known as Sandy Island, built up from the ballast of ships entering the harbour. The ballast hill can still be seen.
The new entrance proved to be a success, and in 1777, 177 ships sailed out of the harbour carrying 48,000 tonnes of coal. The coal was brought to the harbour from nearby collieries via wagonways, with coal wagons being drawn by horses. Salt continued to be exported from Seaton Sluice until 1798, when a new salt tax put and end to the trade.
The bottles were carried to London
on ‘bottle sloops’, slightly smaller than collier brigs, about 50 ft long. A distinctive feature was that the main mast could be lowered, allowing them to pass under the arches of old London Bridge. A bottle sloop would make one round trip to London per month, as did the collier brigs. Bottles were also exported to Europe.
The bottleworks were so large that they contained a market place, a brewery, a granary, a brickyard, a chapel, shops, public houses and a quarry. The workers lived in stone-built houses in several streets around the bottleworks. In 1768 a shipyard was established. Unfortunately, competition from other glass-making centres led to a decline in orders and the bottleworks closed in 1872. The last bottles to leave were on the ‘Unity of Boston’, bound for the Channel Islands
. A few years later, in 1896 the cone-shaped furnaces were demolished and replaced by houses. Nowadays there is hardly any trace of the original bottleworks.
A further blow to the coal trade from Seaton Sluice was the Hartley pit disaster
that occurred at the village of New Hartley, about two miles west of Seaton Sluice. The Hester Pit was the main source of local coal. However, in 1862 there was a disaster when the beam of the pumping engine broke and fell down the only mineshaft, blocking it and trapping the miners underground. In all, 204 men and boys perished, in some cases several from the same family. The disaster led to the working practice in future mines, that there should always be two shafts. The loss of production from the Hester pit spelt the end of the coal trade from Seaton Sluice, and it became a quiet backwater.
An attempt in the early part of the 20th century to develop the village as a tourist resort failed as a railway line, intended to lead north up the coast from Whitley Bay, was partly constructed but then abandoned as the first world war intervened. The remains of railway bridges and embankments can still be seen.
, inland from Seaton Sluice. There was already a Saxon
church there and the Delavals built a fortified house near it. In 1100 Hubert de la Val rebuilt the Saxon church as the present Church of Our Lady on the same spot. The fortified house was gradually expanded during Tudor and Jacobean times to become an extensive manor house. In the early 18th century the manor house was replaced by the present Seaton Delaval Hall
, designed by architect Sir John Vanbrugh
. The hall was devastated by fire in 1822 and was partially restored.
There is also Seaton Sluice Working Men’s Club near the Waterford Arms.
The Octagon, is a small castellated building to the east of the Waterford Arms. It was built sometime before 1750 as the Harbour Office. It is claimed that it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh
. It is now a private dwelling.
Seaton Delaval Hall
, built by Sir John Vanbrugh
between 1718 and 1729, for Admiral George Delaval, is on the outskirts of Seaton Sluice, on the road to Seaton Delaval
. The hall, which is a Grade 1 listed building, is now owned by the National Trust
and is open to visitors on designated days.
Near to Seaton Delaval Hall is the Church of Our Lady, built by the Delaval family in the 12th century, and altered in the 14th and 19th centuries. It is a Grade 1 listed building.
Holywell Dene is a tree-lined valley through which the Seaton Burn flows to Seaton Sluice. The valley contains paths running alongside the burn and is maintained by the group ‘Friends of Holywell Dene’. There is a folly
on the north bank of the dene known as 'Starlight Castle'. This was built by Sir Francis Delaval in 1750 after accepting a bet that he could build a home for a lady friend in a day.
North of the harbour mouth, past Sandy Island, are Blyth Sands, a wide, sandy beach, backed by sand dunes, stretching all the way to Blyth Harbour.
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...
. It lies on the coast at the mouth of the Seaton Burn
Seaton Burn
Seaton Burn may refer to:*The Seaton Burn, a stream that flows through South-Eastern Northumberland and reaches the North Sea at Seaton Sluice, after running through Holywell Dene;...
, midway between Whitley Bay
Whitley Bay
Whitley Bay is a town in North Tyneside, in Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the North Sea coast and has a fine stretch of golden sandy beach forming a bay stretching from St. Mary's Island in the north to Cullercoats in the south...
and Blyth
Blyth, Northumberland
Blyth is a town and civil parish in southeast Northumberland, England. It lies on the coast, to the south of the River Blyth and is approximately 21 kilometres northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne...
. It has a population of about 3,000 people.
Early history
Seaton Sluice lies half a mile north of the village of Hartley, and was once part of it, being called Hartley Pans, because of the salt pans that were used to make salt there from as far back as 1236. Hartley was once an area stretching from the Brier Dene Burn (in present-day Whitley Bay) to the Seaton Burn, which belonged to Tynemouth Priory. In 1100 the land became the property of the Hubert de Laval, nephew by marriage to William the Conqueror. The de Lavals (or DelavalDelaval
Delaval is the surname of a family of gentry/aristocracy in Northumberland, England, from the 11th century to the 19th century. Their main estate was the manor of Seaton Delaval...
s) settled about half a mile inland from Hartley Pans and their place of residence became Seaton Delaval, the name ‘Seaton’ being derived from Old English meaning a settlement (ton) by the sea.
Harbour improvements
Prior to 1550 the salt produced at Hartley Pans had been transported to BlythBlyth, Northumberland
Blyth is a town and civil parish in southeast Northumberland, England. It lies on the coast, to the south of the River Blyth and is approximately 21 kilometres northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne...
to be exported, but after this date it was shipped directly from the small, natural harbour. The village henceforth became known as Hartley Haven, and was used for the export of coal as well as salt. However the harbour was prone to silting, which limited access by ships. This problem was tackled by Sir Ralph Delaval (1622–1691), who had a pier constructed, and sluice gates that trapped the seawater at each high tide. At low tide the gates were opened, flushing the sand out of the harbour. Henceforth the village became known as Seaton Sluice.
The harbour remained like this until the 1760s, when Sir John Humphry Delaval had a new entrance made for the harbour by blasting a channel through solid rock, providing what was known as ‘The Cut’, 52 ft deep, 30 ft wide and 900 ft long. The new channel was opened in 1763 and, as a result, the land between the old harbour entrance and the new channel became an island, known as ‘Rocky Island’. The new channel could be sealed off at both ends to allow loading to continue no matter what the state of the tide. On the other side of the old channel, opposite Rocky Island, was a ballast hill known as Sandy Island, built up from the ballast of ships entering the harbour. The ballast hill can still be seen.
The new entrance proved to be a success, and in 1777, 177 ships sailed out of the harbour carrying 48,000 tonnes of coal. The coal was brought to the harbour from nearby collieries via wagonways, with coal wagons being drawn by horses. Salt continued to be exported from Seaton Sluice until 1798, when a new salt tax put and end to the trade.
The bottleworks
In 1763 Sir Francis Blake Delaval obtained Parliamentary approval to develop 10 hectares of land at Seaton Sluice as glassworks. The works was known as ‘The Royal Hartley Bottleworks’. Sir Francis needed skilled glassmakers, and his brother Tom Delaval brought skilled men from Neinberg, in Germany, to train the local men in glassmaking. The works used local materials: sea sand, sea kelp, clay from the links and local coal. The glassworks expanded with time and eventually had six large cone-shaped furnaces which dominated the skyline; they were given the names: Gallagan, Bias, Charlotte, Hartley, Waterford and Success. The three larger cones were 130 ft tall. In 1777 production reached 1,740,000 bottles per year. Bottles were sent down to the harbour via narrow gauge railways running through tunnels. The tunnels were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War.The bottles were carried to London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
on ‘bottle sloops’, slightly smaller than collier brigs, about 50 ft long. A distinctive feature was that the main mast could be lowered, allowing them to pass under the arches of old London Bridge. A bottle sloop would make one round trip to London per month, as did the collier brigs. Bottles were also exported to Europe.
The bottleworks were so large that they contained a market place, a brewery, a granary, a brickyard, a chapel, shops, public houses and a quarry. The workers lived in stone-built houses in several streets around the bottleworks. In 1768 a shipyard was established. Unfortunately, competition from other glass-making centres led to a decline in orders and the bottleworks closed in 1872. The last bottles to leave were on the ‘Unity of Boston’, bound for the Channel Islands
Channel Islands
The Channel Islands are an archipelago of British Crown Dependencies in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey...
. A few years later, in 1896 the cone-shaped furnaces were demolished and replaced by houses. Nowadays there is hardly any trace of the original bottleworks.
Decline of the coal trade
Even with the harbour improvements made by the Delaval family, the harbour was still limited in the size of ships that it could handle. Meanwhile, competing ports such as Blyth, to the north, and the Tyne to the south spent money improving the dock facilities. The new Northumberland Dock on the Tyne was completed in 1857. Seaton Sluice found it difficult to compete with these larger facilities.A further blow to the coal trade from Seaton Sluice was the Hartley pit disaster
Hartley Colliery Disaster
The Hartley Colliery Disaster was a disastrous mining accident in Northumberland, England in 1862 in which 220 lives were lost. - Cause :In an age when methane or coal dust and firedamp explosions were common, the tragedy at Hartley Colliery, Northumberland, England was different because it was...
that occurred at the village of New Hartley, about two miles west of Seaton Sluice. The Hester Pit was the main source of local coal. However, in 1862 there was a disaster when the beam of the pumping engine broke and fell down the only mineshaft, blocking it and trapping the miners underground. In all, 204 men and boys perished, in some cases several from the same family. The disaster led to the working practice in future mines, that there should always be two shafts. The loss of production from the Hester pit spelt the end of the coal trade from Seaton Sluice, and it became a quiet backwater.
An attempt in the early part of the 20th century to develop the village as a tourist resort failed as a railway line, intended to lead north up the coast from Whitley Bay, was partly constructed but then abandoned as the first world war intervened. The remains of railway bridges and embankments can still be seen.
Seaton Delaval Hall
The Delavals settled at Seaton DelavalSeaton Delaval
Seaton Delaval is a village in Northumberland, England, with a population of 4,371. It is the largest of the five villages in Seaton Valley and is the site of Seaton Delaval Hall, the masterpiece completed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1727....
, inland from Seaton Sluice. There was already a Saxon
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon is a term used by historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Great Britain beginning in the early 5th century AD, and the period from their creation of the English nation to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon Era denotes the period of...
church there and the Delavals built a fortified house near it. In 1100 Hubert de la Val rebuilt the Saxon church as the present Church of Our Lady on the same spot. The fortified house was gradually expanded during Tudor and Jacobean times to become an extensive manor house. In the early 18th century the manor house was replaced by the present Seaton Delaval Hall
Seaton Delaval Hall
Seaton Delaval Hall is a Grade I listed country house in Northumberland, England. It is near the coast just north of Newcastle upon Tyne. Located between Seaton Sluice and Seaton Delaval, it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1718 for Admiral George Delaval and is now owned by the National...
, designed by architect Sir John Vanbrugh
John Vanbrugh
Sir John Vanbrugh – 26 March 1726) was an English architect and dramatist, perhaps best known as the designer of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard. He wrote two argumentative and outspoken Restoration comedies, The Relapse and The Provoked Wife , which have become enduring stage favourites...
. The hall was devastated by fire in 1822 and was partially restored.
Local interest
Seaton Sluice contains the following public houses:- The Kings Arms – the oldest pub in the village, situated right next to the bridge leading to Rocky Island. It was constructed in the mid-eighteenth century as the overseer’s house, but later became a pub. The Kings Arms is regarded by many as the best pub in the village.
- The Waterford Arms – situated above the quay, named in honour of Susanna, Marchioness of Waterford, granddaughter to Lord Delaval who inherited the estate in 1822. The pub occupies the site of the brewery that supplied beer to the ships, as well as to the glassworkers at the bottleworks.
- The Melton Constable – built in 1839, on the north side of the burn. It was named in honour of the Astley family of Melton Constable in Norfolk, who inherited the Delaval estates in 1814.
- The Delaval Arms – situated at the south end of Hartley.
- The Astley Arms – situated at the north end of Seaton Sluice.
There is also Seaton Sluice Working Men’s Club near the Waterford Arms.
The Octagon, is a small castellated building to the east of the Waterford Arms. It was built sometime before 1750 as the Harbour Office. It is claimed that it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh
John Vanbrugh
Sir John Vanbrugh – 26 March 1726) was an English architect and dramatist, perhaps best known as the designer of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard. He wrote two argumentative and outspoken Restoration comedies, The Relapse and The Provoked Wife , which have become enduring stage favourites...
. It is now a private dwelling.
Seaton Delaval Hall
Seaton Delaval Hall
Seaton Delaval Hall is a Grade I listed country house in Northumberland, England. It is near the coast just north of Newcastle upon Tyne. Located between Seaton Sluice and Seaton Delaval, it was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1718 for Admiral George Delaval and is now owned by the National...
, built by Sir John Vanbrugh
John Vanbrugh
Sir John Vanbrugh – 26 March 1726) was an English architect and dramatist, perhaps best known as the designer of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard. He wrote two argumentative and outspoken Restoration comedies, The Relapse and The Provoked Wife , which have become enduring stage favourites...
between 1718 and 1729, for Admiral George Delaval, is on the outskirts of Seaton Sluice, on the road to Seaton Delaval
Seaton Delaval
Seaton Delaval is a village in Northumberland, England, with a population of 4,371. It is the largest of the five villages in Seaton Valley and is the site of Seaton Delaval Hall, the masterpiece completed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1727....
. The hall, which is a Grade 1 listed building, is now owned by the National Trust
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty
The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organisation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland...
and is open to visitors on designated days.
Near to Seaton Delaval Hall is the Church of Our Lady, built by the Delaval family in the 12th century, and altered in the 14th and 19th centuries. It is a Grade 1 listed building.
Holywell Dene is a tree-lined valley through which the Seaton Burn flows to Seaton Sluice. The valley contains paths running alongside the burn and is maintained by the group ‘Friends of Holywell Dene’. There is a folly
Folly
In architecture, a folly is a building constructed primarily for decoration, but either suggesting by its appearance some other purpose, or merely so extravagant that it transcends the normal range of garden ornaments or other class of building to which it belongs...
on the north bank of the dene known as 'Starlight Castle'. This was built by Sir Francis Delaval in 1750 after accepting a bet that he could build a home for a lady friend in a day.
North of the harbour mouth, past Sandy Island, are Blyth Sands, a wide, sandy beach, backed by sand dunes, stretching all the way to Blyth Harbour.
External links
- Northumberland Communities (Accessed: 27 November 2008)