School of suspicion is a famous term coined by philosopher Paul Ricœur, first appearing in his 1965 book Freud and philosophy, in which he declared that "Three masters, seemingly mutually exclusive, dominate the school of suspicion: Marx, Nietzsche and Freud."

Suspicion, as attributed by Ricœur to the three masters, is a critique of false consciousness. Ricœur distinguished hermeneutics of suspicion, from hermeneutics of affirmation.

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• Rick Roderick
  Rick Roderick
  Rick Roderick was born in Abilene, Texas, son of a "con-man" and a "beautician". He was a teacher of philosophy at several universities, where he was much revered by many students for a socratic style of teaching combined with a brash and often humorous approach...
  
  (1993) The Masters of Suspicion (video and transcript)