Salmo
Encyclopedia
Salmo is a genus
of fish
in the salmon
family
(Salmonidae
) that includes the familiar species Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar) and brown trout
(Salmo trutta). The natural distribution of the genus is chiefly European. Only the range of the Atlantic salmon extends to northern North America. The salmons and trouts of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, Onchorhynchus.
The generic
name Salmo derives from the Latin
salmō (salmon).
The number of distinct species and subspecies in Salmo is a debated issue. Atlantic salmon and brown trout are widespread species, but most of the other suggested taxa
are narrowly distributed forms endemic to single watershed
s.
lists the following species (update of 2011):
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of fish
Fish
Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...
in the salmon
Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of fish in the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the same family are called trout; the difference is often said to be that salmon migrate and trout are resident, but this distinction does not strictly hold true...
family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
(Salmonidae
Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes and graylings...
) that includes the familiar species Atlantic salmon
Atlantic salmon
The Atlantic salmon is a species of fish in the family Salmonidae, which is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and the north Pacific....
(Salmo salar) and brown trout
Brown trout
The brown trout and the sea trout are fish of the same species....
(Salmo trutta). The natural distribution of the genus is chiefly European. Only the range of the Atlantic salmon extends to northern North America. The salmons and trouts of the Pacific basin belong to another genus, Onchorhynchus.
The generic
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
name Salmo derives from the Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
salmō (salmon).
The number of distinct species and subspecies in Salmo is a debated issue. Atlantic salmon and brown trout are widespread species, but most of the other suggested taxa
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
are narrowly distributed forms endemic to single watershed
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
s.
Species
The FishBaseFishBase
FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish species . It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web...
lists the following species (update of 2011):
- Salmo akairos
- Salmo apheliosSalmo apheliosSalmo aphelios is a variety of trout, a salmonid fish endemic to Lake Ohrid in Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans.Salmo aphelios is one of four different forms of the Ohrid trout complex within the single lake, along with Salmo balcanicus, Salmo letnica and Salmo lumi...
- Salmo balcanicusSalmo balcanicusSalmo balcanicus is a type of trout, a fish in the Salmonidae family. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its outlet in Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans....
- Salmo carpioSalmo carpioSalmo carpio, also known as the carpione is a salmonid fish endemic to Lake Garda in Italy. It has been introduced to a number of other lakes in Italy and elsewhere but unsuccessfully in all cases...
- Salmo cettiiSalmo cettiiSalmo cettii, or the Mediterranean trout, is a species of trout, a freshwater fish in the Salmonidae family. It lives in the Mediterranean region, in Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and on the Italian mainland in the Magra drainage and further south. It is a non-migratory fish which lives in streams and...
- Salmo dentexSalmo dentexSalmo dentex is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the Salmonidae family, found in the western Balkans. The identity, biological dinstinctness and species status of the dentex trout are however not properly clarified...
- Salmo ezenamiSalmo ezenamiSalmo ezenami is a a critically endangered freshwater salmonid fish, endemic of Lake Kezenoi-Am in Northern Caucasus.The only native occurrence, in Lake Kezenoi-Am in Chechnya at the border of Dagestan, is in a cold alpine lake...
- Salmo farioides
- Salmo feroxSalmo feroxSalmo Ferox or Ferox, from the Latin for "fierce" is the name given in Victorian times to large brown trout that grow far in excess of the weight of their "ordinary" brethren....
- Salmo fibreniSalmo fibreniSalmo fibreni, or the Fibreno trout, is a freshwater salmonid fish, endemic to Lago di Posta Fibreno in central Italy.The size of Lago di Posta Fibreno is only 0.29 km². It is a narrow lake 1.1 km long, 100–300 m wide, situated 289 m above sea level. The lake is in a karstic terrain and...
- Salmo ischchan – Sevan troutSevan troutThe Sevan trout is an endemic fish species of Lake Sevan in Armenia. It is a salmonid fish related to the brown trout....
- Salmo labraxSalmo labraxSalmo labrax, the Black Sea salmon, is a fairly small species of salmon, at about long on average and rarely reaching over . As its name suggests it inhabits the Black Sea. It is an anadromous relative of the brown trout....
– Black Sea salmon - Salmo letnicaSalmo letnicaOhrid trout or the Lake Ohrid brown trout is an endemic species of trout in Lake Ohrid and in its tributaries and outlet, the Black Drin river, in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania in the Balkans...
– Ohrid trout - Salmo lumiSalmo lumiSalmo lumi is a type of trout, a fish in the Salmonidae family. It is endemic to Lake Ohrid and its tributaries in Albania and Macedonia....
- Salmo macedonicusSalmo macedonicusSalmo macedonicus is a species of fish in the Salmonidae family. It is found only in rivers in the upper Vardar river basin in the Republic of Macedonia. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 5 August 2007....
- Salmo marmoratusSalmo marmoratusMarble trout is a species of freshwater fish in the Salmonidae family, the second largest European trout species, second in size only to huchen...
- Salmo nigripinnis
- Salmo obtusirostrisSalmo obtusirostrisSalmo obtusirostris, also known as the Adriatic trout, Adriatic salmon, and softmouth trout, is a species of salmonid fish endemic to the rivers of Western Balkans in southeastern Europe...
– Adriatic troutAdriatic troutSalmo obtusirostris, also known as the Adriatic trout, Adriatic salmon, and softmouth trout, is a species of salmonid fish endemic to the rivers of Western Balkans in southeastern Europe... - Salmo pallaryiSalmo pallaryiSalmo pallaryi was a species of trout that inhabited a single lake in the Atlas mountains of northern Morocco, at higher than 2000 metres altitude. It went extinct in the 1930's, probably because of introduction of common carp in the lake. Only two individuals remain in museum collections.-Source:*...
- Salmo pelagonicus
- Salmo peristericusSalmo peristericusSalmo peristericus, or the Prespa trout is a variety of trout, a freshwater fish in the Salmonidae family. It is endemic to the Lake Prespa watershed at the border area of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia....
- Salmo platycephalus – Flathead trout
- Salmo ohridanus
- Salmo rhodanensis
- Salmo rizeensis
- Salmo salar – Atlantic salmonAtlantic salmonThe Atlantic salmon is a species of fish in the family Salmonidae, which is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and the north Pacific....
- Salmo schiefermuelleri
- Salmo stomachicus – GillarooGillarooGillaroo , is the name of a species of trout which eats primarily snails and is only proven to inhabit Lough Melvin in Ireland.Gillaroo is derived from the Irish for Red Fellow ; this is due to the fish's distinctive colouring. It has a bright, buttery golden colour in its flanks with bright...
- Salmo taleri
- Salmo tigridis
- Salmo trutta
- Salmo trutta aralensis – Aral troutBrown troutThe brown trout and the sea trout are fish of the same species....
- Salmo trutta fario – Brown troutBrown troutThe brown trout and the sea trout are fish of the same species....
- Salmo trutta lacustris – Brown troutBrown troutThe brown trout and the sea trout are fish of the same species....
- Salmo trutta macrostigma
- Salmo trutta oxianus – Amu-Darya trout
- Salmo trutta trutta – Sea trout
- Salmo trutta aralensis – Aral trout
- Salmo visovacensis
- Salmo zrmanjaensis