Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Encyclopedia
The Royal Australian College Of General Practitioners is the professional body for General Practitioner
General practitioner
A general practitioner is a medical practitioner who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education for all ages and both sexes. They have particular skills in treating people with multiple health issues and comorbidities...

s in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

.

The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners is responsible for maintaining standards for quality clinical practice, education and training, and research in Australian general practice. The RACGP has the largest general practitioner membership of any medical organisation in Australia, with the majority of Australia's general practitioners belonging to their professional college. Over 22,000 general practitioners are members of the RACGP Continuing Professional Development Program. The RACGP National Rural Faculty, representing more than 5000 members, has the largest rural general practitioner membership of any medical organisation in Australia. The RACGP publishes Australian Family Physician
Australian Family Physician
The Australian Family Physician is a peer reviewed medical journal published by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. The journal was first published in 1956 as the Annals of General Practice, changing its name to Australian Family Physician in 1971...

, Australia's main peer-reviewed academic medical journal for general practitioners.

History of General Practice in Australia and beyond

Prior to the mid 20th century, upon graduation Australian doctors spent time in general practice. A medical career usually included completing an intern year immediately after graduation as a resident in a major teaching hospital. After a period of time in general practice, some doctors would seek specialist qualifications. Possibly reflecting the historical origins of Australia as a series of British colonies, these doctors would travel overseas, most often to the UK, to specialise and then return to establish practice.

As the Australian population grew post World War II, the public hospital
Public hospital
A public hospital or government hospital is a hospital which is owned by a government and receives government funding. This type of hospital provides medical care free of charge, the cost of which is covered by the funding the hospital receives....

 system also grew demanding an increasing number of specialists. Local training program emerged and therefore the ability of a doctor to enter specialist training directly following the mandatory intern year post graduation without entering general practice. This increasing number of specialist made it increasingly difficult for general practitioners in Australia to hold and retain public hospital appointments, especially in procedural areas such as surgery
Surgery
Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...

 or obstetrics
Obstetrics
Obstetrics is the medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy , childbirth and the postnatal period...

.

This was not a uniquely Australian phenomenon. Worldwide, medical practice was shifting focus onto hospitals with the expansion of pharmaceuticals and medical and surgical interventions. In the United States, the number of doctors identifying as General Practitioners fell markedly between 1931 and 1974 from 83% to 18%. This process began as specialisation increased prior to the War. US GPs increasingly felt that health care was becoming fragmented and weakening doctor patient relationships.

“There are 57 different varieties of specialist to diagnose and treat 57 different varieties of disease but no physician to take care of the patient."

Development of Professional Colleges

In 1950, an Australian Graduate, Dr Joseph Collings, conducted a review of general practice in the UK. This 30 page report was published in the Lancet in 1950.


“There are no real standards for general practice. What a doctor does and how he does it depends entirely on his own conscience” Dr Collings, 1950.


Dr Collings’ report was scathing and generated immediate and heated interest. It was undoubtably a key event in the definition of general practice as a "speciality."

He identified that general practice has no academic underpinning, no evidence upon which to base practice and no consistency of practice. The report did not pull punches. He described rural practice is “an anachronism”, suburban practice is a “casualty-clearing” service and Inner city practice is “at best… very unsatisfactory and at worst a positive source of public danger.”

There is a direct link between the public criticism of general practice and the move to create a College. Dr Rose and Dr Hunt in the BMJ 1950 write:


“There is a College of Physicians, a College of Surgeons, a College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, a College of Nursing, a College of Midwives and a college of Veterinary Surgeons, all of them Royal Colleges; there is a College of Speech Therapists and a College of Physical Education, but there is no college or academic body to represent primarily the interests of the largest group of medical personnel in this country – the 20,000 general practitioners.”


Interestingly, there was opposition in the UK to the creation of a College by the existing three Medical Colleges – Colleges of Surgeons, Physicians and Obstetricians and Gynaecologists – who held the belief that general practice should be a joint faculty of general practice linked to the existing Colleges. However, put into perspective, in the same document Hunt describes the two original British Colleges sought to stop the creation of the College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists via legal action in 1929.

The Development of the Australian College of General Practitioners

The British College of General Practitioners
Royal College of General Practitioners
The Royal College of General Practitioners is the professional body for general practitioners in the United Kingdom. The RCGP represents and supports GPs on key issues including licensing, education, training, research and clinical standards. It is the largest of the medical royal colleges, with...

 was formed in 1953 with many Australian doctors amongst the founding members including the RACGP’s first president Dr William Connelly. Dr Connelly, again reflecting the origins of Australia as a series of British colonies, established a New South Wales faculty of the BCGP. This was followed by the creation of other state based faculties of the British College of General Practitioners in Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and South Australia over the next 5 years.

In keeping with the process for creating Medical Colleges under the British system, a group of Australian General Practitioners met in 1957 at the first Annual Scientific Convention in Sydney to declare an intention to form the Australian College of General Practitioners (ACGP) which was formally founded in 1958. This new College joined the state based faculties. State based faculties remain a key part of the modern day function of the RACGP.

The Objectives of the Australian College of General Practitioners

This College established the following objectives:

  • To promote a scientific approach to problems of disease at the level of the individual and the family;
  • To promote the prevention of disease and guard the nation’s health and the welfare of the community by every means available to the general practitioner;
  • To foster and maintain high standards of general practice;
  • To encourage and assist young men and women in preparing for, qualifying in and establishing themselves in general practice;
  • To stimulate postgraduate education of general practitioners by providing facilities applicable to general practice; and
  • To conduct clinical research into conditions most frequently seen and appropriately studied in general practice.

Recognition of General Practice as a medical specialty

In modern Australia, General Practice is listed by the AMC as a medical specialty and the RACGP as the specialist college responsible for assessment, as endorsed by the Medical Board of Australia inaugurated in 2010. Yet, on further examination of how general practice is considered across the nation, some of the now-defunct State-based Medical Practitioners’ Boards such as Victoria, Queensland and South Australia, did not consider general practice a medical specialty and general practice qualifications, such as the Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (FRACGP) were not registrable qualifications. The practical implication of the nationalisation of medical registration on the status of General Practice as a medical specialty may be unclear.

The oddity of general practice in Australia is a lingering and arguably outdated perception that the decision to practise as a GP has low or no standing and status. Comments heard by many GPs including; ‘You are just a GP’ or ‘What do you intend on specialising in?’ reflect something of the community understanding of the General Practitioner.

This is not without precedent. The history of the General Practitioner shows that GPs in early Australia through to GPs in mid and late 20th century, ‘defaulted’ into general practice having disliked surgical or physician training or having failed exit exams too often.

Also, while Australian General Practitioners were part of the creation of the Royal College of General Practitioners and instrumental in highlighting the need for professional and practice standards, Australia was one of the last developed countries to recognise general practice as a specialty. It was 1978 before the National Specialist Qualification Advisory Committee (the predecessor to the Australian Medical Council) recognised general practice as a specialty. In contrast, The United Kingdom had a powerful case for recognition by the late 1960s, and the United States recognised general practice in 1969.

Strengthening general practice

The standing of general practice within academic faculties of universities and professionally has undergone a marked increase in recent decades. The RACGP has been a key driver of this shift. The development and consolidation of training programs, standards for training, standards for practice, curriculum of general practice and various evidence based guidelines and publications have occurred internally within the College. Outside of the College there are a few important events:
Academic General Practice

Demonstrating again the slow shift towards recognition, Australia was late in accepting that general practice should be taught or regarded as a discipline in its own right. The Whitlam government’s Karmel committee into ‘Expansion of Medical Education in Australia’ compromised with departments of ‘community medicine’ – a confusing anachronism that persisted for many years in Australia’s tertiary institutions. The RACGP sought strongly but unsuccessfully that this committee accept general practice into the universities.

Today, general practice is listed or has been added along side community medicine, highlighting the shift since the early 1970s (e.g. Department of General Practice and Community Medicine Monash University)

Nine foundation professors of ‘Community Practice’ were appointed between 1974 and 1976. Again Australia lagged behind the US and the UK who appointed their first professors and Chairs of general practice and family medicine in 1967 and 1963 respectively.

The Foundation professors were:
  • Charles Bridges Webb MD FRACGP, Sydney University. Professor of Community Medicine

  • Max Kamien MD FRACP, MRCP, FRACGP, DPM, DCH University of Western Australia. Professor of General Practice

  • Professor Neil Edwin Carson FRACGP FRACP Professor of Community Medicine Monash University

  • Jean Norella Lickliss MD MRACP, FRCP BMedSc DTM&H Professor of Community Medicine University of Tasmania

  • Timothy George Murrell MD FRACGP DTM&H CLJ Professor of Community Medicine

  • Anthony James Radford FRCP MRCP FRACP MFCM SM DTM&H Professor of Primary Health care Flinders University

  • James Geoffrey Ryan BSc FRACGP Professor of community practice University of Queensland

  • Ian William Webster MD FRACP Professor of Community Medicine University of New South Wales

  • Ross Wharton Webster FRACGP MRACP Professor of Community Health University of Melbourne


Notably, many did not hold general practice qualifications either from Australia or international.
General Practice Textbooks

The definitive point in Australian General Practice came with the textbook General Practice.

John Murtagh was a science teacher in rural Victoria who return to study Medicine at the first intake of Monash University. John Murtagh has along academic association through Monash University becoming the first Professor of General Practice (Neil Carson was Professor of Community Medicine). He remains with teaching positions at Monash University as Professor in General Practice, University of Notre Dame as Adjunct Clinical Professor and Melbourne University as Professorial Fellow.

He was associate medical editor of the Australian Family Physician (the RACGP peer reviewed journal) in 1980, editor in 1986 and held that position until 1995. He began the popular CHECK (Continuous Home Evaluation of Clinical Knowledge), he also held the position of Executive Director of Training at the RACGP at the turn of the 21st century. The RACGP library is named after John Murtagh., offering a wide range of services to Members, registrars and all health professionals working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Services.
'To add a library to a house is to give that house a soul' - Professor Michael Kidd, RACGP President 2002-2006 quoting Cicero 1st December 2005

His companion publication Practice Tips was named as the British Medical Association's Best Primary Care Book Award in 2005. He received a Member of the Order of Australia for service to medicine, in particular, medical education, research and publishing.

Past Presidents of the RACGP

Past Presidents of the RACGP Date
WA Connelly 20 March 1959 – 28 October 1961
HS Patterson 28 October 1961 – 24 October 1963
CW Anderson 24 October 1963 – 27 October 1966
CC Jungfer 27 October 1966 – 10 October 1968
MO Kent Hughes 10 October 1968 – 15 October 1970
HN Merrington 15 October 1970 – 5 October 1972
JG Radford 5 October 1972 – 3 October 1974
DA Game 3 October 1974 – 25 August 1976
JRH Watson 25 August 1976 – 25 October 1978
WD Jackson 25 October 1978 – 12 August 1980
KWK Shaw 12 August 1980 – 18 October 1982
RT Finch 18 October 1982 – 5 September 1984
DP Finegan 5 September 1984 – 20 October 1986
AE Fisher 20 October 1986 – 8 September 1988
GR Gates 8 September 1988 – 28 September 1990
AR Buhagiar 28 September 1990 – 24 September 1992
P Stone 24 September 1992 – 15 September 1994
CE Owen 15 September 1994 – 16 October 1996
P Joseph 16 October 1996 – 15 October 1998
M Kilmartin 15 October 1998 – 11 October 2000
P Hemming 11 October 2000 – 8 October 2002
M Kidd 8 October 2002 – 30 September 2004
M Kidd 30 September 2004 – 5 October 2006

Past chairs of RACGP Council

Past Chair of Council Date
WA Connelly 7 March 1958 – 30 September 1959
Sir Leonard Mallen 30 September 1959 – 20 October 1962
D Zacharin 20 October 1962 – 23 October 1965
HM Saxby 23 October 1965 – 29 October 1966
HRN Oaten 29 October 1966 – 9 October 1969
DA Game 9 October 1969 – 25 November 1972
MS Cooling 25 November 1972 – 16 October 1975
WD Jackson 16 October 1975 – 25 October 1978
GR Gates 25 October 1978 – 17 October 1981
GM Dick 17 October 1981 – 5 September 1984
GC Miller 5 September 1984 – 26 July 1986
JC Bampton 26 July 1986 – 2 September 1987
KP Mahoney 2 September 1987 – 29 September 1990
RJ Mecoy 29 September 1990 – 25 September 1992
GD Martin 25 September 1992 – 6 October 1993
RC Gutch 6 October 1993 – 15 September 1994
JW Turnbull 15 September 1994 – 16 October 1996
JH Summons 16 October 1996 – 26 October 1999
P Clyne 30 October 1999 – 27 October 2001
P Hemming 27 October 2001 – 8 October 2002
C Jackson 8 October 2002 – 8 October 2003
L Rowe 8 October 2003 – 30 September 2004
P Mudge 30 September 2004 – 5 October 2006

Life Fellows of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners

Life Fellow of the RACGP Date of award
William Arnold Connelly 20 February 1981
H Stuart Patterson 18 September 1985
Colin Warden Anderson 2 September 1987
Herbert Ewan Hamilton Ferguson 2 September 1987
Harvard Northcroft Merrington 8 September 1988
John Goulburn Radford 8 September 1988
Rollo Greenless 28 September 1989
Bernard Selwyn Alderson 24 September 1992
William Desmond Jackson 15 September 1994
John Charles Bampton 16 October 1996
David Sunter Muecke 16 October 1996
William Francis Glastonbury 30 September 1997
David Game 15 October 1998
Edgar John Hamilton North 26 October 1999
Richard Geeves 8 October 2003
Wesley Fabb 8 October 2003
Peter Doyle 8 October 2003
Charles Bridges-Webb 30 September 2004
Neil Carson 30 September 2004
Max Kamien 30 September 2004
Jack Marshal 30 September 2004
James Colquhoun 30 September 2004
Clive Oswald Auricht 29 September 2005
Mary Deidre Mahoney 29 September 2005
John Alfred Stevens 29 September 2005
Alan (Eric) Fisher 5 October 2006
Richard (Dick) Gutch 5 October 2006
Bruce Roberts 5 October 2006
Elizabeth Jane 5 October 2006

Honorary Fellows of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners

Honorary Fellow of the RACGP Date of award
Lord Hunt of Fawley 20 March 1959
Ian Grant 20 March 1959
William Pickles 20 March 1959
The Honourable Donald A Cameron 19 October 1962
Sir Theodore Fox 19 October 1962
Robert John Francis Homfrey Pinsent 24 October 1963
Henry Edward Martyn Williams 24 October 1963
William Victor Marcus Coppleson 24 October 1963
The Right Honourable Sir Robert Gordon Menzies 9 October 1964
Sir Lorimer Fenton Dods 22 October 1965
Carroll L Witten 29 May 1966
James T McCollough 29 May 1966
Sir Norman Nock 11 October 1967
Sir Thoman Moore Greenway 1 July 1968
Bruce Toomba Mayes 10 October 1968
Douglas Gordon 10 October 1968
George Ian Watson 2 September 1972
James Lester Grobe 2 September 1972
Claude Howard Murphy 2 September 1972
Ronald Diarmid MacDiarmid 2 September 1972
Donald Ingram Rice 2 September 1972
Prakash Chand Bhatla 2 September 1972
Bratham Ramaswarmy Sreenivasan 26 November 1972
His Royal Highness, Prince Philip, The Duke of Edinburgh 24 January 1973
Wong Heck Sing 25 August 1975
Sir Keith Stephen Jones 15 October 1975
Selwyn Carson 25 October 1978
James Rupert Magarey 25 October 1978
David Clements Jackson 18 October 1982
John George H Refshauge 11 October 1984
Yvonne Sinclair 19 April 1986
Reginald Lewis Perkin 2 September 1987
Bertram Herries Young 2 September 1987
Victor William Michael Drury 8 September 1988
Barry Betham Grimmond 8 September 1988
Thomas Smith Reeva 8 September 1988
Edward Bassett 28 September 1989
Robert Edward McKeown 28 September 1989
Ronnie Woh Mun Yeun 28 September 1989
Raymond George Ross Moon 28 September 1990
Peter Erne Baume 26 September 1991
Manacadu Kumar Rajakumer 24 September 1992
Peter George Flemming 6 October 1993
Frank Fry 15 September 1994
John Derek Richardson 15 September 1994
Peter CY Lee 15 September 1994
Neil Blewett 15 September 1994
Trevor Corey Beard
Trevor Beard
Dr Trevor Cory Beard, OBE was a British-born Australian medical doctor, best known for his work in the 1960s to eradicate echinococcosis in Tasmania...

28 September 1995
Patrick Augustus Simon Edmonds 16 October 1996
Sir Gustav Joseph Victor Nossal 15 October 1998
Goh Lee Gan 8 October 2003
Theres (Tessa) Turnbull 8 October 2003
W Bruce Connelly 8 October 2003
Michael Boland 30 September 2004
Stephen Foo 30 September 2004
Nat Yuen 30 September 2004
Fiona Stanley 30 September 2004
Ngaire Joy Brown 29 September 2005
Donald Kwok Tung Li 29 September 2005
Ruby Binti Adbul Majeed 29 September 2005
Helen Wilhelmina Rodenberg 29 September 2005
Bruce Louis Walsh sparks 29 September 2005
Geoffrey Henry James Vause 29 September 2005
Ian Frazer 5 October 2006
William Glasson 5 October 2006
Alfred W T Loh 5 October 2006
Roger Neighbour 5 October 2006
Daniel Mahendran Thuraiappah 5 October 2006

Honorary Members of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners

Honorary Member of the RACGP Date of award
Reginald Gilbert Hayward 24 October 1963
James Robert Clough 11 October 1967
Robert Spence 10 October 1968
Maxwell Stanley Jarvis 9 October 1969
Adrian William Helm 21 October 1971
Dorothy Francis Bird 2 September 1972
Jon Allen Baker 25 October 1978
Helena Christine Britt 28 September 1995
Glenda May Williams 28 September 1995
Ilse Quantrell 20 September 1997
Ann Dooley 15 October 1998
Ronald Rees 26 April 1999
Lillace Mary Burrow 12 August 2000
Joan Bruton 30 September 2001
Patricia Ritchie 30 September 2001
Judith Tuner 30 September 2001
Rod Wellard 8 October 2003
Margaret Gore 8 October 2003
Prue Power 8 October 2003
Pam Garrard 30 September 2004
Moni Lobascher 30 September 2004
Jane Ryan 30 September 2004
Sue Whicker 30 September 2004
Annette Young 30 September 2004
Robyn Ellen Cronnolly 29 September 2005
Carol Mary Elliott 29 September 2005
Marian Diesner 29 September 2005
Fidelis Leong 29 September 2005
Glenda Joy Malkin 29 September 2005
Neil Greenway 5 October 2006
Robin Toohey 5 October 2006
Sharon Butler 5 October 2006
Lucy Di Natale 5 October 2006
Amy Jasper 5 October 2006
Julie Lam 5 October 2006
Diane Schaefer 5 October 2006
Mary Martin 5 October 2006

Occasional orators

  • First Annual General Meeting 1958-1959

Ian Dingwall Grant
  • Second Annual General Meeting 1959

Joseph Silver Collings
  • Third Annual General Meeting 1960

Kenneth Macd Foster
  • Fourth Annual General Meeting 1961

Gilbert S McDonald
  • Fifth Annual General Meeting 1962

Sir Theodore Fox
  • Sixth Annual General Meeting 1963

William Victor Johnston
  • Seventh Annual General Meeting 1964

Sir Clive Hamilton Fitts
  • Eighth Annual General Meeting 1965

Trevor Corey Beard
  • Ninth Annual General Meeting 1966

Carroll Lewis Witten
  • Tenth Annual General Meeting 1967

Bruce Toomba Mayes
  • Eleventh Annual General Meeting 1968

Richard Roderick Andrew
  • Twelfth Annual General Meeting 1969

Geoffrey Malcolm Badger
  • Sixteenth Annual General Meeting 1973

HRH Prince Philip, The Duke of Edinburgh

William Arnold Connelly orators

  • Thirteenth Annual General Meeting 1970

Sir Kenneth Beeson Noad
  • Fourteenth Annual General Meeting 1971

Professor Eric Galton Saint
  • Fifteenth Annual General Meeting 1972

Prakash Chand Bhatla
  • Seventeenth Annual General Meeting 1974

Sir Mark Oliphant
  • Eighteenth Annual General Meeting 1975

Geoffrey C Bolton
  • Nineteenth Annual General Meeting 1976

David C Jackson
  • Twentieth Annual General Meeting 1977

Sir Stanley Burbury
  • Twenty-First Annual General Meeting 1978

Sir Edward Hughes
  • Twenty-Second Annual General Meeting 1979

Senator Peter Baume
  • Twenty-Third Annual General Meeting 1980

Justice Kemeri Murray
  • Twenty-Fourth Annual General Meeting 1981

Professor David Maddison
  • Twenty-Fifth Annual General Meeting 1982

Stuart Patterson
  • Twenty-Sixth Annual General Meeting 1983

Sir Ninian Stephen
  • Twenty-Seventh Annual General Meeting 1984

The Most Reverend Dr Peter Carnley
  • Twenty-Eighth Annual General Meeting 1985

Associate Professor Byan Gandevia
  • Twenty-Ninth Annual General Meeting 1986

Ms Katherine West
  • Thirtieth Annual General Meeting 1987

Professor Stephen Leeder
  • Thirty-First Annual General Meeting 1988

Professor Ralph Doherty
  • Thirty-Second Annual General Meeting 1989

not held
  • Thirty-Third Annual General Meeting 1990

Dr Keith Bolden
  • Thirty-Fourth Annual General Meeting 1991

Professor Max Charlesworth
  • Thirty-Fifth Annual General Meeting 1992

The Most Reverend Dr Keith Rayner
  • Thirty-Sixth Annual General Meeting 1993

Dr William Faulding Scammell CBE
  • Thirty-Seventh Annual General Meeting 1994

Professor Richard Smallwood
  • Thirty-Eighth Annual General Meeting 1995

Associate Professor David Bennett
  • Thirty-Ninth Annual General Meeting 1996

Dr Reg L Perkin
  • Fortieth Annual General Meeting 1997

Dr John Stevens
  • Forty-First Annual General Meeting 1998

Emeritus Professor Neil Carson
  • Forty-Second Annual General Meeting 1999

Dr David A Game
  • Forty-Third Annual General Meeting 2000

Professor Dame Lesley Southgate DBE
  • Forty-Fourth Annual General Meeting 2001

Professor W Bruce Connolly
  • Forty-Fifth Annual General Meeting 2002

Professor Judith Belle Brown
  • Forty-Sixth Annual General Meeting 2003

Professor Wesley Fabb AM
  • Forty-Seventh Annual General Meeting 2004

Professor Max Kamien AM
  • Forty-Eighth Annual General Meeting 2005

Dr Ngaire Brown
  • Forty-Ninth Annual General Meeting 2006

Professor Ian Frazer

Standardisation

RACGP standard has been revised twice respectively since 2000 , . The guidance for the best of practice on nursing
Nursing
Nursing is a healthcare profession focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life from conception to death....

 in General Practice is provided by Royal College of Nursing, Australia

See also

  • Australian Medical Association
    Australian Medical Association
    The Australian Medical Association is a professional association for Australian doctors and medical students.The AMA uses a representative structure involving state branches and committees to work with members to promote and protect the interests of doctors.The mechanisms that allow this include:*...

  • Infection control
    Infection control
    Infection control is the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection, a practical sub-discipline of epidemiology. It is an essential, though often under-recognized and under-supported, part of the infrastructure of health care...

  • Occupational safety and health
    Occupational safety and health
    Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment...


External links

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