Rondon's Marmoset
Encyclopedia
Rondon's marmoset also known as the Rondônia marmoset, is a small species of monkey from the family Callitrichidae found in the south-western Amazon
in Brazil
. It is endemic to the state of Rondônia
, and its range bordered by the Rio Mamoré, Rio Madeira
, Rio Ji-Paraná
, and the Serra dos Pacaás Novos
. It was only described in 2010, and its name refers to the famous Amazonian explorer Cândido Rondon
. Prior to its description, it was included in Emilia's Marmoset
(Mico emiliae).
Rondon's marmoset is a member of the silvery marmoset
(Mico argentatus) group within the genus Mico
. Like others in its group, its pelage is generally silvery-gray. It has dark fur on much of its head, forehead and the sides of its face, which contrasts with a whitish patch in the middle of its forehead. The fur on its legs become reddish-brown on its shins and almost black at the ankles. Its tail is mostly black. It averages about 330 grams (11.6 oz) in weight. Length excluding tail averages about 22 centimetres (8.7 in) and the tail averages about 31 centimetres (12.2 in).
Exudate
s are an important part of Rondon's marmoset's diet, and like other marmosets its digestive tract is specially adapted for this purpose. Adaptations include chisel-like lower incisor
s, which can gouge gum-producing trees to begin a flow of exudate, and an enlarged cecum
, which helps digest the exudates.
Despite being able to tolerate habitat disturbance, Rondon's marmoset may be the most threatened species in the genus Mico. It is considered vulnerable
by the IUCN, though it has been suggested that data deficient
would be more appropriate.
Another callitrichid, Weddell’s saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) also occurs over much of Rondon's marmoset's range. However, Rondon's marmoset is rare or absent from areas where Weddell's saddleback tamarin is common. Weddell's saddleback tamarin is known to take over Rondon's marmoset's gum feeding sites.
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America...
in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. It is endemic to the state of Rondônia
Rondônia
Rondônia is a state in Brazil, located in the north-western part of the country. To the west is a short border with the state of Acre, to the north is the state of Amazonas, in the east is Mato Grosso, and in the south is Bolivia. Its capital is Porto Velho. The state was named after Candido Rondon...
, and its range bordered by the Rio Mamoré, Rio Madeira
Madeira River
The Madeira River is a major waterway in South America, approximately 3,250 km miles long The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon...
, Rio Ji-Paraná
Ji-Paraná River
-References:*...
, and the Serra dos Pacaás Novos
Pacaás Novos National Park
Pacaás Novos National Park is a national park of Brazil in the state of Rondônia. The park is located within the municipalities of Guajará Mirim, Nova Mamoré, Campo Novo, São Miguel do Guaporé, Monte Negro, Governador Jorge Teixeira, Alvorada d'Oeste and Mirante da Serra, containing an homonymous...
. It was only described in 2010, and its name refers to the famous Amazonian explorer Cândido Rondon
Cândido Rondon
Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, or Marechal Rondon was a Brazilian military officer who is most famous for his exploration of Mato Grosso and the Western Amazon Basin, and his lifelong support of Brazilian indigenous populations...
. Prior to its description, it was included in Emilia's Marmoset
Emilia's Marmoset
Emilia's marmoset , also known as Snethlage's marmoset, is a marmoset endemic to Brazil. It is found only in the Brazilian states of Pará and Mato Grosso. It was named to honour German-born Brazilian ornithologist Emilie Snethlage....
(Mico emiliae).
Rondon's marmoset is a member of the silvery marmoset
Silvery Marmoset
The silvery marmoset is a New World monkey that lives in Brazil, south and east of the Amazon basin. Compared to other marmosets, they have a very isolated habitat....
(Mico argentatus) group within the genus Mico
Mico (genus)
Mico is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus was formerly considered a subgenus of the genus Callithrix.-Taxonomy:...
. Like others in its group, its pelage is generally silvery-gray. It has dark fur on much of its head, forehead and the sides of its face, which contrasts with a whitish patch in the middle of its forehead. The fur on its legs become reddish-brown on its shins and almost black at the ankles. Its tail is mostly black. It averages about 330 grams (11.6 oz) in weight. Length excluding tail averages about 22 centimetres (8.7 in) and the tail averages about 31 centimetres (12.2 in).
Exudate
Exudate
An exudate is any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation. It can apply to plants as well as animals. Its composition varies but generally includes water and the dissolved solutes of the main circulatory fluid such as sap or blood...
s are an important part of Rondon's marmoset's diet, and like other marmosets its digestive tract is specially adapted for this purpose. Adaptations include chisel-like lower incisor
Incisor
Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below.-Function:...
s, which can gouge gum-producing trees to begin a flow of exudate, and an enlarged cecum
Cecum
The cecum or caecum is a pouch, connecting the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve or Bauhin's valve, and is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic...
, which helps digest the exudates.
Despite being able to tolerate habitat disturbance, Rondon's marmoset may be the most threatened species in the genus Mico. It is considered vulnerable
Vulnerable species
On 30 January 2010, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species identified 9694 Vulnerable species, subspecies and varieties, stocks and sub-populations.-References:...
by the IUCN, though it has been suggested that data deficient
Data Deficient
Data Deficient is a category applied by the IUCN, other agencies, and individuals to a species when the available information is not sufficient for a proper assessment of conservation status to be made...
would be more appropriate.
Another callitrichid, Weddell’s saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) also occurs over much of Rondon's marmoset's range. However, Rondon's marmoset is rare or absent from areas where Weddell's saddleback tamarin is common. Weddell's saddleback tamarin is known to take over Rondon's marmoset's gum feeding sites.