Rogozarski R-100
Encyclopedia
The Rogozarski R-100 (Рогожарски Р-100 in Serbian, transliterated as Rogožarski R-100 in German and as Rogojarsky Р-100 in some older English sources) was a single-engined, single-seat parasol wing
Parasol wing
A parasol wing monoplane is an aircraft design in which the wing is not mounted directly to the fuselage, but rather, the fuselage is supported beneath it by a set of struts, called cabane struts...
ed aircraft designed as an advanced and fighter trainer
Trainer (aircraft)
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate in-flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows...
in Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Over 25 were built, serving with the Yugoslav Royal Air Force
Yugoslav Royal Air Force
The Yugoslav Royal Air Force was formed in 1918 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and existed until Yugoslavia's surrender to the Axis powers in 1941 following the Invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II....
until the fall of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
in 1941. After that, 11 R-100s were used by the newly formed Croatian Air Force, sometimes as ground attack aircraft and 1 R-100 were used by Italian Air Force
Italian Air Force
The Italian Air Force has gone under different names in different periods:*Regia Aeronautica , from 1923 to June 1946*Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana, the air force of Italian Social Republic during World War II...
.
Design and development
The Prva Srpska Fabrika Aeroplana Zivojin Rogozarski A.D. was the first SerbiaSerbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
n aircraft manufacturer in Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
, founded in 1924. In about 1938 they designed the Rogozarski R-100, a training aircraft with single open cockpit in an oval wooden monocoque fuselage, was a product of the design team of Prof. Sima Milutinović as a successor to their Rogozarski PVT
Rogozarski PVT
The Rogozarski PVT was a single-engined, two-seat parasol winged aircraft designed as an advanced and fighter trainer in Yugoslavia before World War II. Over 60 were built, serving with the Yugoslav Royal Air Force until the fall of Yugoslavia in 1941...
trainer aircraft. Its wooden, canvas covered wings were swept and parasol
Parasol wing
A parasol wing monoplane is an aircraft design in which the wing is not mounted directly to the fuselage, but rather, the fuselage is supported beneath it by a set of struts, called cabane struts...
mounted well above the fuselage with pairs of lift struts to the lower fuselage and a central inverted V cabane
Cabane strut
The cabane struts of a biplane aircraft support the upper wing over the fuselage and work in conjunction with other wing components such as spars and flying wires to transmit flight loads....
. They carried long narrow chord ailerons, with prominent spades well clear of the upper surfaces.
The R-100 was powered by a 420 hp (314 kW) 7-cylinder radial IAM K-7 license built version Gnôme-Rhône 7K radial engine, housed with its cylinder heads exposed and driving a two-bladed propeller. Engine was coated NACA
NACA
- Organizations :* National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the forerunner of the U.S. federal agency NASA* National Association for Campus Activities, an organization for programmers of university and college activities...
ring. The plane had a flight back to the carburetor and fuel tank of 158 liters. The fixed, divided type undercarriage had on each side a main shock absorber leg, its upper end attached to a steel pyramid protruding from the mid-fuselage keeping the leg closer to the vertical whilst providing a wide track. Each wheel was connected to the lower fuselage with a swinging V-strut, introduced a taol wheel. The horizontal tail and fixed fin were both canvas covered wooden structures, though the moving surfaces, also canvas covered, had metal frames.
Operational history
The PVTPVT
PVT may refer to:*PVT , pressure, volume and temperature in an equation of state*PVT * Ltd, stands for a private limited Company in the Britain and the Commonwealth*PV/T or PV-T : Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector...
prototype probably first flew in 1938 a test pilot was Miloš Gagić. An initial production batch of 15 aircraft was delivered to the YRAF during 1939. The first aircrafts R-100 were immediately sent to Niš
Niš
Niš is the largest city of southern Serbia and third-largest city in Serbia . According to the data from 2011, the city of Niš has a population of 177,972 inhabitants, while the city municipality has a population of 257,867. The city covers an area of about 597 km2, including the urban area,...
in the Fighters school. Another 10 were delivered during 1939-40
40
Year 40 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus without colleague...
, had fixed 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Darne machine guns and photo gun (camera). These planes were designed for school shooting in Bela Crkva
Bela Crkva
Bela Crkva translates to "White Church" in the south Slavic languages in the Ekavian accent regions. As a settlement name, it can refer to:* Bela Crkva, Vojvodina, a town in Vojvodina, Serbia...
. Aircraft R-100 were used extensively before the war to traning pilots spare.
At the time of the Italo-German invasion of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
in April 1941, the Italians seized one plane R-100, and 11 of these planes the Germans
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
, others were destroyed. The Germans captured planes R-100 surrendered its allies the Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
(ISC) who were trained and used throughout the war. In the initial period were used for retraining and training pilots, and later fitted with mountings for a bomb of 90 or 100 kg, and were used for bombing. Several pieces of R-100 in place of a conventional fighter jet patrolled the outskirts of Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, to repel the attacks of partisan aircraft. Last combat flight on this aircraft carried out on 26 April 1945. Two aircraft of this type are at the end of the war, flew over the partisan side, and two are seized at the airport Lucko near Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
during the liberation. All four planes that survived the war are included in the Yugoslav Army Air Force (JRV). One used in the 111th and 112 Fighting regiment, the third was used in the VTC (Aeronautic Technical Center) and the fourth was used by the commander of 4th bomber division. The JRV planes flew to the beginning of 50th -those years when they stopped being used. Parts of an R-100 are kept at the Yugoslav Aeronautical Museum
Yugoslav Aeronautical Museum
The Museum of Aviation in Belgrade was founded in 1957 as the Yugoslav Aeronautical Museum . The facility is located adjacent to Nikola Tesla Airport...
at the airport "Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer...
" Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
.
Operators
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Royal Yugoslav Air Force 26 aircrafts
Independent State of Croatia
- Air Force of the Independent State of CroatiaAir Force of the Independent State of CroatiaThe Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia, the Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske was the national air force of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II, founded under German authority in April 1941...
11 ex-Royal Yugoslav Air Force
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
- Regia AeronauticaRegia AeronauticaThe Italian Royal Air Force was the name of the air force of the Kingdom of Italy. It was established as a service independent of the Royal Italian Army from 1923 until 1946...
1 aircraft.
Specifications
- guns: 1 x 7,7 mm Darne
- bombs: 1 x 100 kg