Risk observatory
Encyclopedia
The European Risk Observatory is based at the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
(EU-OSHA). It aims to provide:
By doing so, the Observatory intends (in particular) to draw attention to new and emerging risks and enable preventive action.
These monitoring and forecasting activities are based (as much as possible) on the collection, analysis and consolidation of existing data from national and international sources such as:
Beyond the collation of data, the Observatory also provides more qualitative information to support the identification of new and emerging risks. This information is mainly based on expert forecast and research reviews but may extend to other sources, such as information collected by control bodies. EU-OSHA is responsible for the management of the Observatory and consolidation of data. External contractors and an EU-wide network of national institutes contributing to the collection and analysis of the data support the Agency in its mission.
is based on existing, available sources. All data have been collected from published and online statistical sources. Existing tables and graphics are used. Not all sources present the data in a similar way or use the same breakdown criteria, so some data are difficult to compare. Where available, efforts have been made to use raw data
sources, which are treated according to the expected output. This is, for example, the case for data from the European Working Conditions Survey (with regard to European and Belgian data), the occupational diseases statistics in Belgium and the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study
.
Sources are both statistical and analytical background documents. The statistical sources are a combination of administrative registers and statistics (occupational disease registers, exposure registers), surveys, voluntary reporting systems and inspection reports. A global-risk picture can thus be presented by combining different data sources.
statistics and a comparison between member-state statistics. A harmonized methodology
for data collection
has been created. Information is collected on the following variables: economic activity of the employer, occupation, age and sex of the victim, type of injury, body part injured, time of the accident, size of the business, employment status of the victim and work days lost. Phase three of the ESAW methodology has been gradually implemented from the reference year 2001 onwards. In addition to the variables above, it includes information concerning the circumstances and events leading to the accidents.
The details of the ESAW methodology are described in European statistics on accidents at work (ESAW) - Methodology - 2001 edition. A resume of the concepts and coverage of the data may also be found in Work and health in the EU: A statistical portrait 1994-2002.
s. The project on European Statistics on Occupational Diseases (EODS) started with a pilot data-collection for the reference year 1995. The first data according to Phase One methodology was collected for 2001. The Phase One methodology of EODS includes detailed information on the causative agent of the occupational disease; the collection of information on the uses of these causative agents is planned as well. The main drawback of both of these data-collection systems is that not all workers are covered by the national data-collection systems in all member states. Occupational-disease problems also arise from under-reporting and differences between the national social security
systems.
s to report cases of occupational disease. This approach is similar to a register of occupational diseases, with some important differences. Sentinel networks may not try to achieve total coverage, and may operate in a restricted geographical area or involve a sample of physicians. In the UK, the THOR network is responsible for the collection of specialist-based work-related disease data. The program relies on the systematic, voluntary and confidential reporting of new cases by consulting thoracic physicians throughout the country. Regular reports are required from physicians detailing the number of new cases in each of 10 diagnostic categories and data for each case based on age, sex, place of residence, type of work and suspected agent. The Occupational Surveillance Scheme for Audiologists (OSSA) operates within the THOR network.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was set up in 1996 in Bilbao, Spain. Its mission is "to make Europe's workplaces safer, healthier and more productive...
(EU-OSHA). It aims to provide:
- An overview of health at work in Europe
- A description of the trends and underlying factors
- A description of the risk factors
- Anticipation of changes in work and their likely consequences on health
By doing so, the Observatory intends (in particular) to draw attention to new and emerging risks and enable preventive action.
These monitoring and forecasting activities are based (as much as possible) on the collection, analysis and consolidation of existing data from national and international sources such as:
- Labour Force SurveyLabour Force SurveyLabour Force Surveys are statistical surveys conducted in a number of countries designed to capture data about the labour market. All European Union member states are required to conduct a Labour Force Survey annually. Labour Force Surveys are also carried out in some non-EU countries. They are...
s - Workers' surveys
- Accident registers
- Occupational-disease registers
- Death registers
- Exposure registers
Beyond the collation of data, the Observatory also provides more qualitative information to support the identification of new and emerging risks. This information is mainly based on expert forecast and research reviews but may extend to other sources, such as information collected by control bodies. EU-OSHA is responsible for the management of the Observatory and consolidation of data. External contractors and an EU-wide network of national institutes contributing to the collection and analysis of the data support the Agency in its mission.
Data sources
Data collectionData collection
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data, for example, as part of a process improvement or similar project. The purpose of data collection is to obtain information to keep on record, to make decisions about important issues, to pass information on to...
is based on existing, available sources. All data have been collected from published and online statistical sources. Existing tables and graphics are used. Not all sources present the data in a similar way or use the same breakdown criteria, so some data are difficult to compare. Where available, efforts have been made to use raw data
Raw data
'\putang inaIn computing, it may have the following attributes: possibly containing errors, not validated; in sfferent formats; uncoded or unformatted; and suspect, requiring confirmation or citation. For example, a data input sheet might contain dates as raw data in many forms: "31st January...
sources, which are treated according to the expected output. This is, for example, the case for data from the European Working Conditions Survey (with regard to European and Belgian data), the occupational diseases statistics in Belgium and the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study
Cohort study
A cohort study or panel study is a form of longitudinal study used in medicine, social science, actuarial science, and ecology. It is an analysis of risk factors and follows a group of people who do not have the disease, and uses correlations to determine the absolute risk of subject contraction...
.
Sources are both statistical and analytical background documents. The statistical sources are a combination of administrative registers and statistics (occupational disease registers, exposure registers), surveys, voluntary reporting systems and inspection reports. A global-risk picture can thus be presented by combining different data sources.
Work accidents
The European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) have been used to collect statistical data on accidents at work. These statistics are available from 1994 onwards. They allow a uniform presentation for European and member-stateMember State of the European Union
A member state of the European Union is a state that is party to treaties of the European Union and has thereby undertaken the privileges and obligations that EU membership entails. Unlike membership of an international organisation, being an EU member state places a country under binding laws in...
statistics and a comparison between member-state statistics. A harmonized methodology
Methodology
Methodology is generally a guideline for solving a problem, with specificcomponents such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools . It can be defined also as follows:...
for data collection
Data collection
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data, for example, as part of a process improvement or similar project. The purpose of data collection is to obtain information to keep on record, to make decisions about important issues, to pass information on to...
has been created. Information is collected on the following variables: economic activity of the employer, occupation, age and sex of the victim, type of injury, body part injured, time of the accident, size of the business, employment status of the victim and work days lost. Phase three of the ESAW methodology has been gradually implemented from the reference year 2001 onwards. In addition to the variables above, it includes information concerning the circumstances and events leading to the accidents.
The details of the ESAW methodology are described in European statistics on accidents at work (ESAW) - Methodology - 2001 edition. A resume of the concepts and coverage of the data may also be found in Work and health in the EU: A statistical portrait 1994-2002.
Occupational diseases
Both the European Statistics on Occupational Diseases (ESOD) and national data sources have been used to collect statistical data on occupational diseaseOccupational disease
An occupational disease is any chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It is an aspect of occupational safety and health. An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than in the general...
s. The project on European Statistics on Occupational Diseases (EODS) started with a pilot data-collection for the reference year 1995. The first data according to Phase One methodology was collected for 2001. The Phase One methodology of EODS includes detailed information on the causative agent of the occupational disease; the collection of information on the uses of these causative agents is planned as well. The main drawback of both of these data-collection systems is that not all workers are covered by the national data-collection systems in all member states. Occupational-disease problems also arise from under-reporting and differences between the national social security
Social security
Social security is primarily a social insurance program providing social protection or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment and others. Social security may refer to:...
systems.
Exposure registers
An alternative to concentrating on disease occurrence is to monitor exposure. An exposure register records data relevant to occupational health-and-safety outcomes. It is different from a disease register in that it concentrates on workplace exposure, rather than the disorders it causes. The measurement services of the institutions for statutory accident insurance and prevention (BGs) in Germany perform exposure measurements at workplaces. The data are stored in the BG/BIA exposure database.Physician reporting
Sentinel surveillance uses a network of health care providerHealth care provider
A health care provider is an individual or an institution that provides preventive, curative, promotional or rehabilitative health care services in a systematic way to individuals, families or communities....
s to report cases of occupational disease. This approach is similar to a register of occupational diseases, with some important differences. Sentinel networks may not try to achieve total coverage, and may operate in a restricted geographical area or involve a sample of physicians. In the UK, the THOR network is responsible for the collection of specialist-based work-related disease data. The program relies on the systematic, voluntary and confidential reporting of new cases by consulting thoracic physicians throughout the country. Regular reports are required from physicians detailing the number of new cases in each of 10 diagnostic categories and data for each case based on age, sex, place of residence, type of work and suspected agent. The Occupational Surveillance Scheme for Audiologists (OSSA) operates within the THOR network.
Inspections
In some countries, medical inspections carried out by the labour inspectorate play an essential role in ensuring that laws and regulations governing workers’ health surveillance are properly applied. The Arbomonitor in the Netherlands provides representative information on the state of working conditions in Dutch companies: risks, policies and prevention. The information is gathered through the Labour Inspection on company visits.External links
- Risk Observatory Website, from the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA)
- Expert forecast on Emerging Biological Risks related to Occupational Safety and Health