Rhynchosporium secalis
Encyclopedia
Rhynchosporium secalis is an ascomycete fungus that is the causal agent of barley and rye scald
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USDA ARS Fungal Database
Scald (barley)
Scald is common disease of barley in temperate regions. It is caused by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis and can cause significant yield losses in cooler, wet seasons.- Symptoms :...
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Morphology
No sexual stage is known. The mycelium is hyaline to light gray and develops sparsely as a compact stroma under the cuticle of the host plant. Condia (2-4 x 12-20 μm) are borne sessilely on cells of the fertile strom. They are hyaline, 1-septate, and cylindric to ovate, mostly with a short apical beak. Microconida have been reported, but their function is unknown. They are exuded from flasklike mycelial branches.Host species
- Agropyron dasystachyum, A. desertorumAgropyron desertorumAgropyron desertorum is a species in the Poaceae family.-External links:***...
, A. elmeri, A. intermedium, A. repens, A. riparium, A. scabriglume, A. semicostatum, A. subsecundum, A. trachycaulum, A. trachycaulum var. trachycaulum, A. trachycaulum var. unilaterale - Agrostis alba, A. stoloniferaAgrostis stoloniferaAgrostis stolonifera is a perennial grass species in the Poaceae family. It is stoloniferous and may form mats or tufts...
, A. tenuis - Alopecurus geniculatusAlopecurus geniculatusAlopecurus geniculatus is a species of grass known by the common name water foxtail or Marsh foxtail.It is native to much of Eurasia and North America, where it grows in moist areas. This is a perennial grass forming bunches of erect stems up to about 60 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves...
, A. pratensis - Bouteloua gracilis, B. hirsutaBouteloua hirsutaBouteloua hirsuta, commonly known as Hairy grama, is a perennial short prairie grass that is native throughout much of North America, including the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies region, as well as Mexico and Guatemala.-Description:...
- Bromus aleutensis, B. carinatusBromus carinatusBromus carinatus is a species of brome grass known by the common names California brome and mountain brome.It is native to western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico, where it can be found in many types of habitat...
, B. ciliatusBromus ciliatusBromus ciliatus is a species of brome grass known by the common name fringed brome.It is native to most of North America, including most of Canada, most of the United States except for some portions of the South, and northern Mexico. It is a plant of many habitats, including temperate coniferous...
, B. frondosus, B. inermisBromus inermisBromus inermis is a species of the true grass family . This bunchgrass is native to Europe- Common names :* Arctic brome – English [Bromus inermis subsp. pumpellianus]* Austrian bromegrass – English [Bromus inermis subsp. inermis]...
, B. pumpellianus, B. secalinusBromus secalinusBromus secalinus is a species of bromegrass known as rye brome.This grass is native to Eurasia but is well-known in many other parts of the world where it has been introduced. It is a noxious weed throughout much of North America. This is an annual grass reaching maximum heights of one half to one...
, B. vulgarisBromus vulgarisBromus vulgaris is a species of brome grass known by the common name Columbia brome.It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Wyoming, where it grows in many types of habitat, including temperate coniferous forest. It is a perennial grass which may reach 1.1... - Calamagrostis arundinaceaCalamagrostis arundinaceaCalamagrostis arundinacea Roth is a species of bunch grass in the Poaceae family, native to Eurasia....
, C. epigeios - Chrysopogon gryllusChrysopogon gryllusChrysopogon gryllus is a perennial bunchgrass of the Poaceae family, native to Europe and tropical and temperate Asia.It grows to 50-150 cm in height. Spikelets are associated in threes, of which the fertile one is unisexual with the other two staminal or not completely developed. The fruit is corn...
- Critesion murinum
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylonCynodon dactylon , also known as Dūrvā Grass, Bermuda Grass, Dubo, Dog's Tooth Grass, Bahama Grass, Devil's Grass, Couch Grass, Indian Doab, Arugampul, Grama, and Scutch Grass, is a grass native to north and east Africa, Asia and Australia and southern Europe...
- Dactylis glomerataDactylis glomerataDactylis glomerata, Cock's-foot and orchard grass, is a common species of grass in the genus Dactylis, native throughout most of Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa.-Distribution:...
- Danthonia sp.DanthoniaDanthonia is a genus of grass species. Grasses of this genus are sometimes referred to as oatgrass, but that common name is not restricted to this genus.Species include:*Danthonia alpina Vest*Danthonia cachemyriana Jaub. & Spach...
- Deschampsia caespitosa
- Elymus angustus, E. canadensisElymus canadensisElymus canadensis is a species of wild rye known by the common name Canada wild rye. This grass is native to much of North America, being most abundant in the central plains and Great Plains...
, E. chinensis, E. condensatus, E. glaucusElymus glaucusElymus glaucus is a species of wild rye known by the common name blue wild rye. This grass is native to North America from Alaska to New York to northern Mexico...
, E. innovatus, E. junceus, E. triticoides, E. virginicusElymus virginicusElymus virginicus, or Virginia wildrye, is a perennial bunchgrass located in Virginia and the eastern United States.... - Elytrigia repens
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensisFestuca pratensis, the Meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis, the Meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis, the Meadow fescue, ( syn. Bromus pratensis (Huds.) Spreng., Bucetum pratense (Huds.) Parn., Festuca fluitans L. var. pratensis (Huds.) Huds., Festuca elatior L. subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Hack., Lolium...
, F. rubraFestuca rubraFestuca rubra is a species of grass known by the common name red fescue. It is found worldwide and can tolerate many habitats and climates; it generally needs full sun to thrive... - Hordeum aegiceras, H. brachyantherumHordeum brachyantherumHordeum brachyantherum, known by the common name Meadow barley, is a species of barley. It is native to western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico, coastal areas of eastern-most Russia , and a small area of coastal Newfoundland....
, H. distichon, H. hexastichon, H. jubatumHordeum jubatumHordeum jubatum is a perennials plant species in the grass family Poaceae. It occurs wild mainly in northern North America and adjacent northeastern Siberia. However, as it escaped often from gardens it can be found worldwide in areas with temperate to warm climates, and is considered a weed in...
, H. leporinum, H. murinumHordeum murinumHordeum murinum, commonly known as wall barley or false barley, is a species of grass.They can grow to 30 cm in height and its unbranched spikes can reach 10 cm long. It is quite widespread and common. It grows during May - July in mainly costal areas...
, H. vulgare, H. vulgare var. nudum, H. vulgare var. trifurcatum - Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorumLolium multiflorum is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, although the precise location of its origin is unknown....
, L. perenneLolium perenneLolium perenne, common name Perennial Ryegrass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world.-Description:...
, L. rigidum - Microlaena stipoidesMicrolaena stipoidesMicrolaena stipoides or Ehrharta stipoides, is a species of grass that occurs naturally in all states of Australia as well as in New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines. It has also been introduced into Hawaii and Reunion Island and has been reported as invasive in both...
- Panicum sp.PanicumPanicum is a large genus of about 450 species of grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone...
- Phalaris arundinacea
- Phleum pratense
- Poa annuaPoa annuaPoa annua, or annual meadow grass , is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates. Though P. annua is commonly considered a solely annual plant due to its name, perennial bio-types do exist. 'Poa' is Greek for fodder. It is one of the sweetest grasses for green fodder, but less ...
, P. eminens, P. pratensis - Quercus chrysolepisQuercus chrysolepisQuercus chrysolepis, commonly termed Canyon Live Oak, or Golden Cup Oak, is a species of evergreen oak that is found in the southwestern part of North America, notably in the California Coast Ranges. This tree is often found near creeks and drainage swales growing in moist cool microhabitats...
- Roegneria sp.
- Secale cereale, S. montanum
- Triticosecale sp.
Sources
Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database