Ravenshaw University
Encyclopedia
Ravenshaw University is a co-educational state university situated in Cuttack
Cuttack
Cuttack is the former capital of the state of Orissa, India. It is the headquarters of Cuttack district and is located about 20 km to the north east of Bhubaneswar, the capital of Orissa. The name of the city is an anglicised form of Kataka that literally means The Fort, a reference to the...

, Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...

, on the east coast of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

.

Early Years

After the great famine of 1866, the people of Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...

 and few liberal Britons wanted to start a college at Cuttack
Cuttack
Cuttack is the former capital of the state of Orissa, India. It is the headquarters of Cuttack district and is located about 20 km to the north east of Bhubaneswar, the capital of Orissa. The name of the city is an anglicised form of Kataka that literally means The Fort, a reference to the...

. Thomas Edward Ravenshaw, Officiating Commissioner of Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...

 Division finally made the Government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...

 of Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...

 realise the difficulties of Oriya students in getting College education and succeeded in obtaining permission to start collegiate classes in the Cuttack Zilla School. Thus the first College in Orissa was born in January 1868 with only intermediate classes and having six students on roll.

Ravenshaw College

In January 1875 Commissioner Ravenshaw proposed to convert the Collegiate School into a full fledged degree College
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...

. The Government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...

 of Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...

 accepted the demand with the condition that a public contribution of Rs.30,000/- be deposited for the proposed College
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...

. Ravenshaw took up the matter as an object of personal interest and guaranteed the collection of the required amount. Mr. H. Woodrew, DPI of Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...

 supported Ravenshaw. Mr. H. J. Reynolds, Secretary
Secretary
A secretary, or administrative assistant, is a person whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, communication & organizational skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit...

 to the Government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...

 of Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...

 requested the Government of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 to sanction the incidental charges and the post of the Principal on the additional condition of meeting half the monthly expenses by public donation.

Due to Mr. Ravenshaw's efforts & supports of Maharaja of Mayurbhanj,HH Shri Krushna Chandra Bhanjdeo by means of financial help, the College department of the Collegiate School was finally converted in 1876 to a full-fledged Government Degree College, bearing the name ‘Cuttack College’ affiliated to the University of Calcutta
University of Calcutta
The University of Calcutta is a public university located in the city of Kolkata , India, founded on 24 January 1857...

. Mr. Samuel Ager was appointed as the first Principal. The college then had only 19 students on roll. Maharaja of Mayurbhanj H.H. Sri Krushna Chandra Bhanjdeo donated Rs. 20,000/- as a permanent endowment for the college which almost fulfilled the condition imposed by the Government for public contribution. On his insistence the name of the college was changed to Ravenshaw College in 1878 after Thomas Edward Ravenshaw
Thomas Edward Ravenshaw
Thomas Edward Ravenshaw was an educator, founder of Ravenshaw College, and a member of the British East India Company.-Early life:...

 to commemorate his services to the cause of education in Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...

. The College was granted permanent status by 1881.

Growth of the college in the initial days was slow. Altogether 94 graduates were produced by the closing year of the 19th century and the student strength had increased to 97. Science stream remained confined only to Intermediate level till 1912 when Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal.

Ravenshaw in the Twentieth Century

The college entered a new phase of development after 1912. School and survey classes were removed. Teachers of Indian Education Service were appointed as professors in different departments. New subjects such as Political Economy, Political Philosophy and honours in History and Persian were introduced. Infrastructure facilities for teaching of science at B.Sc. level were augmented. The student strength rose to 280 in 1912 and 375 in 1915. A new site (the present site) for the college at “Chakkar Padia” was located by the Government to construct a complete set of new buildings at an approximate cost of Rs.10,00,000/-.


In 1916 the University Bill proposed the transfer of Ravenshaw College from Calcutta University to Patna University to be created newly. Although there was some public resistance for the change of affiliation, the then commissioner rightly supported the transfer by writing “ Divorced from the Calcutta University, its progress would be rapid and in course of time it should be able to supply every educational need of the people of Orissa”. Accordingly the affiliation of the college was transferred to newly created Patna University on 1 October 1917.

The college was shifted to its present site in the erstwhile “Chakkar Padia” in 1921. While laying the foundation stone of the present building in the November 1919 Sir Edward Gait, the then Governor of Bihar and Orissa wished that this mighty monument would one day grow into a University. Maharaja of Mayurbhanj donated Rs. 1,00,000/- for the electrification of the new building and purchase of equipments for science laboratories. A library building having an area of 9000 sq ft (836.1 m²). was opened in 1922 by Lt. Governor of Bihar and Orissa. Maharaja of Kanika Sri Rajendra Narayan Bhanjadeo generously donated Rs. 55,000/- for its construction which stands today as a beautiful piece of architecture. In his honour the library is named as “Kanika Library” which is very close to the hearts of educated Oriyas. In recognition of the public generosity, the Government sanctioned Rs. 25,000/- towards purchase of books for the newly created “Kanika Library”. After the shifting of the main library to the centenary building, the old premise houses the journal section.

Legislators from Orissa such as Utkalmani Gopabandhu Das and Sri Krishna Mohapatra demanded time and again for further growth of the college in Bihar Orissa Legislative Council and Viceroy’s Council. In the words of Krishna Mohapatra “Orissa had a pet child and that child was the Ravenshaw College”. In response to public pressure Mathematics honours got recognition by 1920. A year later affiliation was granted to B.Sc. in Botany and the College became a postgraduate institution with M.A. classes in English started in 1922 through munificence of Maharani Smt. Parvati Devi, the queen of Sonepur
Sonepur
Sonepur, also known as Subarnapur, is a town and district headquarters of Subarnapur district of Orissa. Sonepur was formerly the capital of a princely state of British India. The district spreads over an area of 2284.89 km2. It is also known as Second Varanasi of India for its cluster of...

, in granting Rs. 1,71,500/- for its opening.

The staff position of Ravenshaw College was strengthened with the appointment in 1918, of scholars such as Sir Jaudunath Sarkar and R. P. Khosla as professor of History and Economics respectively. By 1922 the sanctioned strength of teaching staff had reached 31, out of which 13 came from Indian Education Service, two were Europeans and the rest were from provincial Education Service. Honours classes in Physics, Chemistry and Botany were opened with effect from July 1930 and steps were initiated to start postgraduate teaching in all subjects which was fulfilled after Orissa became a separate province.

Co-education began in 1929-30 with four girl students taking admission in the college. Their number gradually rose over the years. Medical facilities opened in the college with the appointment of a Sub-assistant surgeon and medical examination became compulsory for all students from October, 1929.

The College remained affiliated to Patna University even after the separation of Orissa from Bihar in 1936. The affiliation was finally transferred to newly created Utkal University in 1943. In fact, it was Ravenshaw College that gave birth to the new University, nursed and sustained it. If walls could speak, the present zoology department building could say how the university started functioning on its premises more than half a century ago. The law department of Ravenshaw College was finally separated and gave birth to the Madhusudan Law College.

Ravenshaw in the Freedom Struggle

Ravenshaw's Assembly Hall was the venue of the Legislative Assembly of the newly carved state of Orissa. It witnessed the debates of the legislators framing laws to govern the state. It remained so till the capital was shifted to Bhubaneswar. All the significant cultural, intellectual and political movements of the state have sprung from its portals. It has nourished such great and kindered souls as Utkal Gourab Madhusudan Das
Madhusudan Das
Utkal Gourav Madhusudan Das was born on 28 April 1848 in a village called Satyabhamapur, 20 kilometres from Cuttack, Orissa. He was the first Graduate and Advocate of Orissa.-Family:...

, Utkalmani Gopabandhu Das
Gopabandhu Das
Gopabandhu Dash known as Utkalamani was a social worker who excelled in the field of politics as well as literature.-Early life : The revolutionary student:...

, Acharya Harihar Das, Pandit Nilakanth Das, Pandit Godabarish Mishra and Sri Bhubanananda Das. It had on its staff such great scholars as Dr. Artaballav Mohanty, Sir Jadunath Sarkar
Jadunath Sarkar
Sir Jadunath Sarkar was a prominent Indian Bengali aristocrat and historian.-Background:Born in Singra, Natore. He was the son of Rajkumar Sarkar, the Zamindar of Karchamaria in Natore in Bengal.-Education:...

, Sir Ross Masood, Dr. Pranakrushna Parija, Dr. Balabhadra Prasad, Acharya Jogeschandra Vidyanidhi, Dr. Mahendra Kumar Rout, Dr. Baba Kartar Singh, Dr. Parasuram Mishra, Shri P.A.Sunderam and Dr. A.K.Dasgupata etc., to name a few. Most of the prominent political leaders of the state such as Shri Biswanath Das, Dr. H.K.Mahatab, Shri Nityananda Kanungo, Shri S.N.Dwibedi, Shri Biju Patnaik
Biju Patnaik
Biju Patnaik was an Indian politician. Also known as Biju Babu.Son of Lakshminarayan and Ashalata Patnaik, Bijayananda Patnaik was born in Cuttack, Orissa on March 5, 1916..-Role in Indonesian freedom struggle:Biju...

, Shri Nilamani Routray, Smt. Nandini Satpathy, Shri Janaki Ballav Patnaik and Shri Rabi Ray etc., were Ravenshavians. The College produced such creative writers of yester years as Sri Kalindi Charan Panigrahi, Sri Ananda Shankar Ray, Sri Gopinath Mohanty
Gopinath Mohanty
Gopinath Mohanty ,winner of the prestigious jnanpith award, eminent Oriya novelist of the mid-twentieth century is arguably the greatest Oriya writer after Fakir Mohan Senapati .-Early life and education:...

, Sri Sachidananda Routray and Sri Surendranath Mohanty. In short, the College has been the major source of preparing manpower to lead every sphere of the society. In the Dimond Jubilee celebration address the then Principal Mr. H.R.Batheja righly observed:
“we have at last a temple of learning, fair to look on, stately in proportions which compares not unfavorably with the only other tempale – The temple of Jaganath for which Orissa is known all over India. The twin monuments represent Orissa to the outside world and are source of justice and pride to every Oriya”.

Ravenshaw after Independence

Indian Science Congress Association meet of 1962 was held in Ravenshaw College Quadrangle. The College achieved the unique distinction of being one of the three colleges of the country to have been awarded national honour by Government of India through the issue of commemorative stamp in 1978.

The College has seen 55 Principals. It has been accorded autonomous status since 1989. It stands today on a sprawling campus of 87.4 acres (353,695.6 m²). The magnificent red brick building of Gothic architecture has several blocks added to it in course of time. The main library is located in the new centenary library building. Teaching is now imparted to more than 5000 students in Arts, Science and Commerce faculties. Altogether there are 22 departments out of which 17 have postgraduate teaching facility and M.Phil course is available in 12 subjects. In addition, several new courses have been added under autonomous functioning besides the regular courses. There are 11 hostels, 9 of which are on the campus, accommodating about 2,500 boarders. The College also houses, besides Ravenshaw Junior College having student strength of 1536, the Cuttack Study Centre of Indira Gandhi National Open University having student strength of 1133, IAS Coaching Class and Pre-Examination Training Centre for SC/ST students. The campus also has a Post Office, an Extension Counter of State Bank of India, a Dispensary, a Power House, GED, PWD and PHS sections, a canteen, Guest House, a Gymnasium, and spacious play grounds. Ravenshaw has acquired a distinctive, secular, cosmopolitan culture of its own helping all Ravenshawvians to live in the College motto “Gyanameba Shakti”.

Emblem

The emblem is designed in three segments, separated by a river and its tributaries. The Microscope on left symbolizes the insatiable human spirit of enquiry and scientific research fostered by this institution. The palm leaf manuscripts on a stand with writing instrument on the right represent the great storehouse of accumulated wisdom of past generations and the pursuit of creativity which are the hallmarks of this institution. The open book at the bottom epitomizes dissemination of knowledge and wisdom which the college inculcates in its countless scholars. The river and its tributaries suggest the endless flow of knowledge through great stretches of time and the perennial flow of life, its unity and diversity.

Departments

Applied Geography - Botany - Chemistry - Computer Application -Commerce - Economics - Education - English - Geology - Hindi - History - Information Science and Telecommunication - Information Technology and Management - Mathematics - Philosophy - Physics - Political Science - Psychology - Sanskrit - Sociology - Statistics -Ravenshaw Management Center - Zoology- B.B.A - Computer Science - M.B.A - B.C.A - M.C.A - ETC

Infrastructure

  • 13 hostels (five for boys and eight for girls)
  • State Bank of India
  • Post Office
  • Students Information Bureau
  • Gymnasium
  • Parking Lots
  • Sports Ground

Notable alumni

  • Nabakrushna Choudhuri
    Nabakrushna Choudhuri
    Nabakrushna Choudhuri was an Indian politician and activist born on 23 November 1901 at Cuttack, Orissa State, India. He served as Chief Minister of the Indian state of Orissa. He dwelt from a landlord family of Kherasa village of Jagatsinghpur District, Orissa. His father, Gokulananda Choudhuri...

    , Chief Minister of Orissa
  • Biswanath Das
    Biswanath Das
    Biswanath Das was an Indian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Orissa Province of British India 1937–39, the Governor of Uttar Pradesh 1962–67 and later the Chief Minister of Orissa 1971–72.-Political career:...

  • Gopabandhu Das
    Gopabandhu Das
    Gopabandhu Dash known as Utkalamani was a social worker who excelled in the field of politics as well as literature.-Early life : The revolutionary student:...

  • Madhusudan Das
    Madhusudan Das
    Utkal Gourav Madhusudan Das was born on 28 April 1848 in a village called Satyabhamapur, 20 kilometres from Cuttack, Orissa. He was the first Graduate and Advocate of Orissa.-Family:...

  • Harekrushna Mahatab
    Harekrushna Mahatab
    Harekrushna Mahatab was a leader of the Indian National Congress, a notable figure in the Indian independence movement and the Chief Minister of Orissa from 1946 to 1950 and again from 1956 to 1961. He was popularly known by the sobriquet Utkal Keshari.-Early life:Harekrushna Mahtab was born at...

    , former Chief Minister of Orissa
  • R.C. Majumdar, Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University
  • Gopinath Mohanty
    Gopinath Mohanty
    Gopinath Mohanty ,winner of the prestigious jnanpith award, eminent Oriya novelist of the mid-twentieth century is arguably the greatest Oriya writer after Fakir Mohan Senapati .-Early life and education:...

  • Sitakant Mahapatra
    Sitakant Mahapatra
    Sitakant Mahapatra is a notable Indian poet and literary critic in Oriya as well as English. He has also been in the Indian Administrative Service since 1961 until retiring in 1995, and has since held ex-officio posts such as the Chairman of National Book Trust, New Delhi.He is the first Oriya to...

  • Biju Patnaik
    Biju Patnaik
    Biju Patnaik was an Indian politician. Also known as Biju Babu.Son of Lakshminarayan and Ashalata Patnaik, Bijayananda Patnaik was born in Cuttack, Orissa on March 5, 1916..-Role in Indonesian freedom struggle:Biju...

  • Kalindi Charan Panigrahi
    Kalindi Charan Panigrahi
    Kalindi Charan Panigrahi , was a noted Oriya poet, novelist, story writer, dramatist and essayist. He was one of the members of the Oriya literary group Sabuja Gosthi...

  • Annada Shankar Ray
    Annada Shankar Ray
    Annada Shankar Ray was a Bengali poet and essayist.Annada Shankar Ray was born in 1904 at Dhenkanal, Orissa. He graduated in English from Ravenshaw College. His father had shifted base from their ancestral village of Rameswarpur near Dhamnagar in Bhadrak of Orissa, following a family feud...

  • Rabi Ray
    Rabi Ray
    Rabi Ray is an Indian socialist politician, a former speaker of Lok Sabha and a former Union minister of India. He hails from Orissa...

  • Nilamani Routray
    Nilamani Routray
    Nilamani Routray was an Indian politician and theChief Minister of Orissa from 1977 to 1980. He served as the Health and Family Welfare Minister and then Forest and Environment Minister in the Union Government led by V.P. Singh...

  • Nandini Satpathy
    Nandini Satpathy
    Nandini Satpathy , was an Indian politician and author, and was the former Chief Minister of Orissa.-Family:...


Notable faculty

  • Sir
    Sir
    Sir is an honorific used as a title , or as a courtesy title to address a man without using his given or family name in many English speaking cultures...

     Jadunath Sarkar
    Jadunath Sarkar
    Sir Jadunath Sarkar was a prominent Indian Bengali aristocrat and historian.-Background:Born in Singra, Natore. He was the son of Rajkumar Sarkar, the Zamindar of Karchamaria in Natore in Bengal.-Education:...

    , Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University
  • Sir
    Sir
    Sir is an honorific used as a title , or as a courtesy title to address a man without using his given or family name in many English speaking cultures...

     Ross Masood
    Ross Masood
    Sir Ross Masud , was the only grandson of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the father of Muslim renaissance in Indian subcontinent. Born to Syed Mahmood, he was educated at Aligarh and Oxford.-Services to education:...


External links

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