Puerto Rican Pottery
Encyclopedia
Puerto Rican Pottery was one of two potteries (Iroquois/Sterling China's Caribe Pottery was the other) that established Mid Century Modern Pottery/Ceramics on the Island of Puerto Rico. The pottery operated from 1948–1966 in Santurce, Puerto Rico. It was a small pottery
associated with and managed by master potter and ceramicist Hal Lasky (May 27, 1921- December 11, 2010).
Lasky won scholarships in the early and mid 1940s at several prestigious ceramic arts programs: Dartmouth College
, University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
(where he studied under Aurelius Renzetti (1897–1975)), the ceramics school at Alfred University
(Alfred, New York) and the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
. Also, he exhibited at the Ceramic Nationals at Syracuse's Everson Museum of Art
in both 1947 and 1948.
In December 1947 Lasky was asked by Teodoro Moscoso
(1910–1992), who was to manage the Puerto Rican government's Operation Bootstrap
("Operacion Manos a la Obra") or PRIDECO, to come to Puerto Rico to manage a small ceramic operation the Puerto Rican government had recently established. The operation had been supervised originally by the husband and wife team of Edwin Scheier
(1910–2008) and Mary Goldsmith (1908–2007). In 1948 the operation was privatized and funded by a private bank.
The pottery produced a line of hand crafted terra cotta dinnerware and artware. Common dinnerware shapes were mugs, cups, tumblers, plates, bowls (covered and uncovered), tureens, casserole dishes, trays, teapots and pitchers. Artware shapes included vases of various size, ashtrays, hooded candle holders, planters, incense pots, candelabra and lamp bases.
The most common design patterns are sgraffito
-- shapes, symbols, and stylized figures of fruit and animals. Less common are inscriptions in English and Spanish or contours of human faces. Colors used in the glazes ranged from red, red and black, blue, blue and green, black, green, yellow, peach, teal, turquoise, as well as other colors.
Although all pieces were pressed not thrown, each piece was individually designed, painted and woodfired —unique forms of art on their own. Lasky developed a one step firing process that enabled him to produce pottery inexpensively and quickly.
In a 2004 account Lasky wrote:
" The first thing I did was to take away all the Pre-Columbian patterns they had been working with and in my halting Spanish told them they were now free to design anything they wanted at anytime. They were obviously shaken; for them "designers" were either god-like people or Americans and they immediately began to copy the cheap seconds that at that time flooded Puerto Rico. I let them get that out of their systems and some three months later they began designing things they thought would please me.
"Little by little I began encouraging them to use "found tools:" a broken hair comb - I picked up from the floor in front of them, used and discarded pencils - showing them the faceted sides and rounded eraser end as options. One of the best tools turned out to be old fashioned hair pins women wore in the forties.
"What emerged was an expression which can properly be described as a considerable leap beyond sgraffito. When using colored engobes (thin coatings of different colored clays over the redware clay body we were using) instead of thinly scratching through to reveal the contrasting red clay beneath they made strong, broad, energetic sculptural carvings if you will. Matte glazes were used almost invariably to more thoroughly reveal the sculptural "carving" technique. Each person signed their own design work and had the satisfaction of seeing their initials permanently fired into their pieces. They were free at any time to stop any work they were doing and create their own designs.
"During this period of time I made it my business to keep away from the work table area where they did the designing. I didn't want even my presence near them to interfere with their own self expression. I would wait until they had left for the day to go into the damp room where the daily work was placed for slow initial drying to see what creatively had emerged. Imagine, if you will, the profound thrill I would experience as with each ongoing week the design "personalities" of each would become more strongly expressed so that it was no longer necessary to look for each signature to determine whose work it was.".
artisans were able to express themselves freely in clay since the time of the Taínos. Economically and politically it was part of the opening gambit in the rapid economic development of the Island by the US after World War II. The pottery supplied pieces and works for then burgeoning tourist trade.
Pottery
Pottery is the material from which the potteryware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery . Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery...
associated with and managed by master potter and ceramicist Hal Lasky (May 27, 1921- December 11, 2010).
Lasky won scholarships in the early and mid 1940s at several prestigious ceramic arts programs: Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College is a private, Ivy League university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. The institution comprises a liberal arts college, Dartmouth Medical School, Thayer School of Engineering, and the Tuck School of Business, as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences...
, University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
The University of the Arts is one of the United States' oldest universities dedicated to the arts. Its campus makes up part of the Avenue of the Arts in Center City, Philadelphia...
(where he studied under Aurelius Renzetti (1897–1975)), the ceramics school at Alfred University
Alfred University
Alfred University is a small, comprehensive university in the Village of Alfred in Western New York, USA, an hour and a half south of Rochester and two hours southeast of Buffalo. Alfred has an undergraduate population of around 2,000, and approximately 300 graduate students...
(Alfred, New York) and the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Bloomfield Hills is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan, northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,869...
. Also, he exhibited at the Ceramic Nationals at Syracuse's Everson Museum of Art
Everson Museum of Art
The Everson Museum of Art in Downtown Syracuse, New York is a major Central New York museum focusing on American art.-History:The museum was founded in 1897 by art historian George Fisk Comfort ; at that time, it was called the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts...
in both 1947 and 1948.
In December 1947 Lasky was asked by Teodoro Moscoso
Teodoro Moscoso
Teodoro Moscoso Mora , was a Puerto Rican politician known as "the architect of "Operation Bootstrap".-Early years:...
(1910–1992), who was to manage the Puerto Rican government's Operation Bootstrap
Operation Bootstrap
For other uses, see Bootstrapping and Bootstrapping .Operation Bootstrap is the name given to the ambitious projects which industrialized Puerto Rico in the mid-20th century.-History:...
("Operacion Manos a la Obra") or PRIDECO, to come to Puerto Rico to manage a small ceramic operation the Puerto Rican government had recently established. The operation had been supervised originally by the husband and wife team of Edwin Scheier
Edwin Scheier
Edwin Scheier , was an American artist, best known for his ceramic works with his wife, Mary Scheier.- Early life :...
(1910–2008) and Mary Goldsmith (1908–2007). In 1948 the operation was privatized and funded by a private bank.
The pottery produced a line of hand crafted terra cotta dinnerware and artware. Common dinnerware shapes were mugs, cups, tumblers, plates, bowls (covered and uncovered), tureens, casserole dishes, trays, teapots and pitchers. Artware shapes included vases of various size, ashtrays, hooded candle holders, planters, incense pots, candelabra and lamp bases.
The most common design patterns are sgraffito
Sgraffito
Sgraffito is a technique either of wall decor, produced by applying layers of plaster tinted in contrasting colors to a moistened surface, or in ceramics, by applying to an unfired ceramic body two successive layers of contrasting slip, and then in either case scratching so as to produce an...
-- shapes, symbols, and stylized figures of fruit and animals. Less common are inscriptions in English and Spanish or contours of human faces. Colors used in the glazes ranged from red, red and black, blue, blue and green, black, green, yellow, peach, teal, turquoise, as well as other colors.
Although all pieces were pressed not thrown, each piece was individually designed, painted and woodfired —unique forms of art on their own. Lasky developed a one step firing process that enabled him to produce pottery inexpensively and quickly.
Production of Pieces
The pieces were shaped and designed with the intent of reflecting artistically the best traditions of Puerto Rican culture and history. Lasky encouraged the artisans he stewarded to express themselves as they saw fit. Theirs was a collaborative effort.In a 2004 account Lasky wrote:
" The first thing I did was to take away all the Pre-Columbian patterns they had been working with and in my halting Spanish told them they were now free to design anything they wanted at anytime. They were obviously shaken; for them "designers" were either god-like people or Americans and they immediately began to copy the cheap seconds that at that time flooded Puerto Rico. I let them get that out of their systems and some three months later they began designing things they thought would please me.
"Little by little I began encouraging them to use "found tools:" a broken hair comb - I picked up from the floor in front of them, used and discarded pencils - showing them the faceted sides and rounded eraser end as options. One of the best tools turned out to be old fashioned hair pins women wore in the forties.
"What emerged was an expression which can properly be described as a considerable leap beyond sgraffito. When using colored engobes (thin coatings of different colored clays over the redware clay body we were using) instead of thinly scratching through to reveal the contrasting red clay beneath they made strong, broad, energetic sculptural carvings if you will. Matte glazes were used almost invariably to more thoroughly reveal the sculptural "carving" technique. Each person signed their own design work and had the satisfaction of seeing their initials permanently fired into their pieces. They were free at any time to stop any work they were doing and create their own designs.
"During this period of time I made it my business to keep away from the work table area where they did the designing. I didn't want even my presence near them to interfere with their own self expression. I would wait until they had left for the day to go into the damp room where the daily work was placed for slow initial drying to see what creatively had emerged. Imagine, if you will, the profound thrill I would experience as with each ongoing week the design "personalities" of each would become more strongly expressed so that it was no longer necessary to look for each signature to determine whose work it was.".
Significance
The pottery's significance was twofold. Artistically and culturally it was a melding of 20th century design on what was then a traditional culture. It was also the first time that PuertorriqueñoPuerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
artisans were able to express themselves freely in clay since the time of the Taínos. Economically and politically it was part of the opening gambit in the rapid economic development of the Island by the US after World War II. The pottery supplied pieces and works for then burgeoning tourist trade.
External links
- Photos #1 on ModishNet of Puerto Rican Pottery exhibit at Johnson Public Library, Hackensack, New Jersey (July 1, 2005-August 31, 2005)
- Photos #2 on ModishNet of Puerto Rican Pottery exhibit at Johnson Public Library, Hackensack, New Jersey (July 1, 2005-August 31, 2005)
- Display from Hal Lasky Memorial, January 15, 2011
- Display from Hal Lasky Memorial, January 15, 2011
